Environmental Sciences Europe最新文献

{"title":"iMulch: an investigation of the influence of polymers on a terrestrial ecosystem using the example of mulch films used in agriculture","authors":"Carmen Wolf,&nbsp;Mike Wenzel,&nbsp;Björn Fischer,&nbsp;Ralf Bertling,&nbsp;Erich Jelen,&nbsp;Dieter Hennecke,&nbsp;Karlheinz Weinfurtner,&nbsp;Martina Roß-Nickoll,&nbsp;Henner Hollert,&nbsp;Antonia Weltmeyer,&nbsp;Kristina Bitter,&nbsp;Pauline Ruiz,&nbsp;Dusica Banduka,&nbsp;Jochen Tuerk,&nbsp;Lars M. Blank","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01050-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01050-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This article provides an overview of the iMulch joint project, which analysed the use of polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable mulch films made of a polylactide (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) on agricultural land as a source of microplastic. The development of a detection methodology using Raman spectroscopy and thermo-extraction desorption gas chromatography mass–spectrometry (TED-GC–MS), the adsorption behaviour, ageing in drainage water and soil, their transport behaviour in lysimeters, ecotoxicity, uptake in plants, a life cycle assessment (LCA) and upcycling were considered.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The PE film tested showed hardly any degradation or fragmentation during the ageing tests. The biodegradable films showed incipient degradation after 8 weeks in drainage water and initial degradation after 12 weeks in soil ageing experiments. Additionally no degradation could be detected in the lysimeter test within the 24 months analysed. The biodegradable films could be metabolized in laboratory tests with some microorganisms present in the soil. This indicates that these films can be degraded in the environment if the conditions for degradation are optimal. No microorganisms or fungi that could degrade the PE film within a respective period of time were detected in the soil. Adsorption of the tested substances was not observed. Incorporated in soil, mulch film microplastic showed retention of extractable pesticides. In the ecotoxicological tests, both film types showed no acute toxic effects in the earthworm <i>Eisenia fetida</i> and the springtail <i>Folsomia candida</i>. Endocrine activity was observed in eluate samples from both films. However, aged films showed fewer effects than non-aged films.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Both types of film show no transport or degradation in the tests under real conditions, which means that they remain in the upper soil layer, where they are available to soil organisms and can lead to high concentrations in the future. As the biodegradable film could be degraded, at least under ideal conditions, we recommend its use. However, proof of degradation must first be verified under real field conditions. In addition, we recommend the use of thicker conventional mulch films to minimize the emission of plastic particles. For this purpose, a minimum lower limit for the material thickness should be defined.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01050-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the toxic impact of long-term exposure to diethyl phthalate on commercially important species Catla (Labeo catla)","authors":"Satabdi Ganguly,&nbsp;Basanta Kumar Das,&nbsp;Anupam Adhikari,&nbsp;Subir Kumar Nag","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01048-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01048-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diethyl phthalate (DEP), used as a plasticizer, is more prevalent in the aquatic environment due to its widespread usage in plastics, cosmetics, and numerous pharmaceutical industries. It is a potential endocrine disruptor, but the underlying mechanism in fish needs to be investigated. The present study evaluated the toxic impacts of DEP exposure for 30 days on commercially important fish <i>Labeo catla</i> (Catla). Alterations at multiple level endpoints of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) were assessed. DEP-induced changes in oxidative stress, histopathological changes (liver, kidney and brain) and bioaccumulation in fish muscle were also evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>DEP exposure to 1/10th (1.62 mg/L) and 1/50th (0.32 mg/L) LC₅₀ dose for 30 days to Catla revealed that it stimulated the expression of kisspeptin (<i>Kiss 1</i> and <i>Kiss 2</i>) genes in the hypothalamus, leading to an increased GnRH concentration (36.75%) in the higher dose. The brain FSH levels increased by 11.24 and 55.42% times than control in both the doses. This led to an increase in circulating sex steroids E2 (41.62%) and 11 KT (24.59%) and eventually triggered hepatic Vtg production (23.90%) in a dose-dependent manner. DEP exposure lowered the concentration of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the effect being more pronounced in the higher dose. The histopathological alterations, such as hepatocyte vacuolization, sinusoidal congestion, loss of brush border, degeneration of lumen, infiltration of eosinophilic cells in liver, kidney and brain, respectively, were noted.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This pioneering study could provide detailed insight into the endocrine disruptive potential of DEP in fish, as evidenced by its impact at multiple endpoints, even at low doses after 30 days of exposure. The output of this investigation thus emphasized the need for regular monitoring of DEP for ecological risk assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01048-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral, biochemical, immune, and histological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) to lead, mercury, and pendimethalin exposure: individual and combined effects","authors":"Rasha M. Reda,&nbsp;Eman M. Zaki,&nbsp;Ahmed A. A. Aioub,&nbsp;Mohamed M. M. Metwally,&nbsp;Aya M. Yassin,&nbsp;Fatma Mahsoub","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01047-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01047-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aquaculture sector is facing environmental issues because of rising chemical pollution of aquatic systems, which may be caused by man-made or natural causes. The combined action of these mixtures can produce an effect that is either severalfold higher or severalfold lower than the overall toxicity of the individual components. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of three individual toxicants: lead (Pb 0.088 mg L⁻¹), mercury (Hg 0.084 mg L⁻¹), and pendimethalin (PM 0.355 mg L⁻¹) and their combinations on the behavior, oxidative stress, immunology, biochemistry, and histopathological changes in Nile tilapia. The results show that mortality was evident across all treatment groups and was highest in the mixture (MIX) group, at 33.4%. Some of these behavioral changes included increased mucus secretion, fin rot, and dark skin coloration of the fish, all of which were evidently exacerbated in the MIX group. The erythrocyte and hemoglobin indices presented marked reductions in the MIX and PM groups in comparison to the control group. The MIX group had higher levels of serum creatinine and urea, as well as the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. They also had higher levels of malondialdehyde and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity, which showed oxidative stress. The stress biomarkers, cortisol and glucose, showed greater impact on the MIX and PM groups. The neurobehavioral assessment demonstrated noticeable decreased acetylcholinesterase levels in PM and MIX-exposed groups. In the serum immunological parameters, levels of nitric oxide and lysozyme were lower, especially in the MIX and PM groups. In all experimental groups, especially the MIX group, the levels of spleen pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were higher. The histopathological examination revealed marked lesions in the gills, liver, and brains in the form of inflammation, necrosis, and circulatory alterations. Among the exposed groups, the MIX group exhibited the highest histopathological changes. Collectively, our findings demonstrated significant toxic effects of heavy metals and herbicides on Nile tilapia, revealing a synergistic impact on both physiological and histopathological responses resulting from combined exposures. The data evidently indicate the ecological hazards associated with heavy metals and herbicides in aquatic ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01047-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new urban wastewater treatment directive from the perspective of the receiving rivers’ quality","authors":"Máté Krisztián Kardos,&nbsp;Miklós Patziger,&nbsp;Zsolt Jolánkai,&nbsp;Adrienne Clement","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01040-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01040-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The European Union is reformulating key water management directives: the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) and the Water Framework Directive. The UWWTD update mandates extended removal of nutrients and stricter limits on micropollutants, primarily at wastewater treatment plants with a constructed capacity above 10 000 population equivalents. The revised Environmental Quality Standards Directive expands the list of regulated pollutants and lowers permissible concentrations for priority substances, including pharmaceuticals. The present study, applied for the Central-European country Hungary as a pilot, examines the impact of the UWWTD recast on receiving water quality. Employing a mixing model to assess the impact of municipal wastewater treatment plant emissions on regional waters, the research aims to optimize resource allocation for plant improvements and enhance risk area designation methods.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on the evaluation of 886 river water bodies, it was found that wastewater plant effluents explain most of the current river impairment. Stricter nitrogen and phosphorus standards foreseen in the UWWTD recast will reduce the fraction of water bodies failing to achieve good ecological status by ~ 10%. The introduction of the new environmental quality standards for pharmaceuticals, in particular clarithromycin and diclofenac, will reveal that almost half of the river water bodies fail to achieve the good chemical status. Even after the implementation of micropollutant removal at the largest plants, as required by the recast, this number will not improve substantially.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The UWWTD recast’s stricter effluent standards for nutrients are projected to remarkably reduce the number of water bodies failing to achieve good ecological status, particularly in lowland rivers. However, the chemical status for pharmaceuticals like diclofenac remains concerning, with more than 40% of streams expected to fail under the revised limits. To overcome this, it is suggested to revise how the implementation of micropollutant removal at plants is prioritized. In addition to plant constructed capacity, the receiving water’s dilution capacity is to be considered at the prioritization and the designation of areas at risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01040-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How economic instruments address sustainable nutrient use: the example of phosphorus governance","authors":"Beatrice Garske,&nbsp;Katharine Heyl,&nbsp;Felix Ekardt","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01045-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01045-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The widely inefficient agricultural use of phosphorus (P) causes environmental damage. At the same time, an uneven resource distribution risks supply shortages for this essential nutritional element. Effective governance solutions help to stimulate a more sustainable P management and fulfil the human right to food. This article applies a qualitative governance analysis to develop an integrated governance solution for the multi-layered problems of agricultural P use primarily by economic instruments. Based on P-related challenges and the cornerstones of sustainable P management, an assessment scheme for economic instruments for P is conceptualized and applied.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Results show that there is no ‘one fits all’ solution for all problems associated with agricultural P use. We find a combination of (1) an economic instrument for rock phosphate-based fertilizers with (2) a tax for P surpluses and (3) a regulation on contaminant levels in fertilizers addresses all P-related problems effectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The optimal P governance combines economic and regulatory policy instruments. Besides addressing sustainable P management and thus contributing to the implementation of the right to food, the policy mix also positively impacts further ecological challenges such as disrupted N cycles, climate change and biodiversity loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01045-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances and future technologies in nano-microplastics detection","authors":"Ajinkya Nene,&nbsp;Sorour Sadeghzade,&nbsp;Stefano Viaroli,&nbsp;Wenjie Yang,&nbsp;Ucheaga Paul Uchenna,&nbsp;Abhishek Kandwal,&nbsp;Xinghui Liu,&nbsp;Prakash Somani,&nbsp;Massimiliano Galluzzi","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01044-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01044-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The degradation of mismanaged plastic waste in the environment results in the formation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. These particles are pervasive, detected even in remote regions, and can enter the food chain, accumulating in organisms and causing harm depending on factors such as particle load, exposure dose, and the presence of co-contaminants. Detecting and analyzing NMPs present unique challenges, particularly as particle size decreases, making them increasingly difficult to identify. Moreover, the absence of standardized protocols for their detection and analysis further hinders comprehensive assessments of their environmental and biological impacts. This review provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in technologies for sampling, separation, measurement, and quantification of NMPs. It highlights promising approaches, supported by practical examples from recent studies, while critically addressing persistent challenges in sampling, characterization, and analysis. This work examines cutting-edge developments in nanotechnology-based detection, integrated spectro-microscopic techniques, and AI-driven classification algorithms, offering solutions to bridge gaps in NMP research. By exploring state-of-the-art methodologies and presenting future perspectives, this review provides valuable insights for improving detection capabilities at the micro- and nanoscale, enabling more effective analysis across diverse environmental contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01044-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic accumulation in snake-eyed lizard (Ophisops elegans Menetries, 1832) after long-term monitoring: habitats matter, not years","authors":"Cantekin Dursun,&nbsp;Kamil Candan,&nbsp;Kaan Karaoğlu,&nbsp;Çetin Ilgaz,&nbsp;Yusuf Kumlutaş,&nbsp;Elif Yıldırım Caynak,&nbsp;Serkan Gül","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01042-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01042-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) have become pervasive environmental pollutants with significant impacts on ecosystems, particularly aquatic environments. As these particles infiltrate various habitats, they are ingested by a wide range of organisms, from plankton to large marine mammals. The ingestion of MPs disrupts the food web, causing physical and chemical harm to animals at multiple trophic levels. Here, we studied the accumulation of MPs in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of a terrestrial lizard species after long-term monitoring using museum specimens in the collection of the Fauna and Flora Research and Application Center at Dokuz Eylül University from decades ago. These museum samples were from 1986 to 2013, but not consecutive years. GITs from 300 individuals were analyzed and MPs were detected in the GITs of only 25 individuals. In 25 individuals, the most dominant form of microplastic was fiber. The highest number of MPs was detected in 2001, followed by 1995. It is thought that this accumulation is caused by human activities in the lizard's environment and that it enters the food web indirectly because it lives in areas with high human interaction. Overall, this study shows that MPs have been present in the past, entering the food web of terrestrial species, and that MPs can inherently transfer to other living things. It is understood that MPs will pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem health as they are transferred through the food chain.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01042-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic UV-filters and freshwater organisms: data gaps impede a robust retrospective environmental risk assessment","authors":"Alexandra Kroll,&nbsp;Cornelia Kienle,&nbsp;Marion Junghans","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01046-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01046-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>For use in cosmetic products, 32 substances have been authorised in the EU as UV-filters as of August 2022 (Annex VI of the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009). Although these substances can enter the aquatic environment directly through bathing, authorisation for use in cosmetic products does not require a specific environmental risk assessment, whereas risks to human health are specifically assessed. Furthermore, no environmental quality standards have been proposed at EU level. For the current review, data on freshwater ecotoxicity, physicochemical properties, environmental fate and measured exposure were retrieved from ECHA registration information and public databases and assessed for reliability and relevance. Environmental quality standards (EQS) were proposed based on the EU technical guidance for EQS for the Water Framework Directive (WFD).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>From a WFD perspective, there were significant or complete gaps for acute and chronic effects data, sediment organisms and rarely tested organisms at the time of data retrieval, as well as gaps for measured environmental concentrations in the assessed databases. The reliability of the reported data could not always be verified due to missing information. As expected from the heterogeneity of molecular structures, ecotoxicity data and environmental fate parameters vary considerably between the different substances. Our assessments indicate that the use of some of the substances in direct contact with surface water may pose a repeated risk to aquatic organisms.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We recommend a revision of the process for the inclusion of UV-filters in the EU Cosmetics Product Regulation, taking into account the potential environmental risks. A full assessment of all UV-filters using standard test organisms as well as rarely tested species for acute and chronic effects and bioaccumulation would require, among other things, a large number of fish tests. Therefore, new assessment methods (NAMs) are recommended, including the use of fish cell lines for acute toxicity testing and alternatives for the assessment of chronic toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01046-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered regional brain activity and functional connectivity in relation to blood lead levels","authors":"Yi Shi,&nbsp;Linfeng Yan,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Fenfen He,&nbsp;Wenhao Li,&nbsp;Jianbin Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Zhao,&nbsp;Diya Wang,&nbsp;Wen Wang,&nbsp;Zaihua Zhao,&nbsp;Xuefeng Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01034-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01034-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Lead is a prevalent heavy metal pollutant in the environment, and chronic lead exposure in occupational settings has been linked to cognitive decline. Our objective was to delineate lead-induced changes in brain functional activity through the assessment of regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 76 participants from a smelting company. Based on their blood lead levels, 26 participants were assigned to the lead exposure group (≥ 300 μg/L), whereas 23 were assigned to the control group (≤ 100 μg/L). Neuropsychological assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-rating Depression Scale. Participants underwent rs-fMRI for ReHo, DC, and FC analyses. Brain regions demonstrating significant differences in ReHo and DC were identified as regions of interest for subsequent FC analysis. We also examined the relationships between lead levels, FC values, and neuropsychological scores.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to the control group, individuals with high lead exposure exhibited increased ReHo in the bilateral insula and vermis and elevated DC in the left olfactory cortex. Notably, the left insula demonstrated reduced FC with the right cerebellar crus I, left fusiform gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The right insula also displayed reduced FC with the right middle frontal gyrus but increased FC between the left olfactory cortex and right insula. Furthermore, negative correlations were observed between lead levels and FC of the left insula with the left fusiform gyrus (<i>r</i> = − 0.586), left superior frontal gyrus (<i>r</i> = − 0.556), and left middle frontal gyrus (<i>r</i> = − 0.626), as well as between FC of the right insula and the right middle frontal gyrus (<i>r</i> = − 0.587). Conversely, there was a positive association between FC of the left olfactory cortex with the right insula and lead levels (<i>r</i> = 0.609), whereas an inverse relationship was noted with neurocognitive assessments.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The disruption in insula coordination may significantly impair long-range FC and contribute to cognitive deficits resulting from lead exposure. The insula appears to be a pivotal region in lead-associated neurocognitive impairment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01034-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of continuous cropping on soil fertility, microbial communities, and crop growth under different tobacco varieties in a field study","authors":"Hao Xia,&nbsp;Chaoqiang Jiang,&nbsp;Muhammad Riaz,&nbsp;Fei Yu,&nbsp;Qing Dong,&nbsp;Yifeng Yan,&nbsp;Chaolong Zu,&nbsp;Chuyue Zhou,&nbsp;Jitao Wang,&nbsp;Jia Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12302-024-01037-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-024-01037-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous cropping obstacles are significant factors that limit the yield and quality of tobacco. Thus, the selection and breeding of varieties is a crucial strategy for mitigating these challenges. However, the effects and mechanisms by which different tobacco varieties influence the structural composition of soil microbial remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a field experiment involving five tobacco varieties (K326, K394, XL, Y87, and Y97) and two types of soil (continuous cropping obstacle soil and normal soil). We examined microbial responses to different tobacco varieties in each soil type. Our results revealed that soil available nutrients and organic matter were decreased in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The fresh biomass decreased by 18.05–27.92% in obstacle soil (except K394 and Y97). The microbial community composition in the rhizosphere soil remained consistent in various tobacco varieties in obstacle soil. The connections between soil fertility nutrients and microbial communities were reduced in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The alteration of bacterial community composition was a stochastic process, whereas the modification of fungal community composition was a deterministic process in obstacle soil. Furthermore, the abundance of differential fungi (Zoopagomycota) was notably higher in obstacle soil. Overall, our results revealed that the disturbance of microbial communities and soil degradation in the obstacle soil are primary factors contributing to reduced crop yields. Therefore, it is an economical strategy for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles by utilizing rhizosphere microecology through multi-variety planting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-01037-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}