Environmental Sciences Europe最新文献

{"title":"Distribution of microplastics in tadpoles, adults, and habitats of three water frogs of Pelophylax spp.","authors":"Hale Tatlı,&nbsp;Kenan Gedik,&nbsp;Abdullah Altunışık","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01065-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01065-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and amphibians are especially susceptible owing to their dual aquatic and terrestrial life cycle and permeable integument. This research examines the presence, composition, and potential origins of microplastics in tadpoles, adult frogs, and their environments in different regions of Türkiye, concentrating on three Anatolian water frog species: <i>Pelophylax ridibundus, P. bedriagae</i>, and <i>P. caralitanus</i>. Samples were obtained from 11 sites, encompassing water bodies, sediments, tadpoles, and the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of adult frogs. MPs were examined for polymer type, morphology, and dimensions via stereomicroscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Results indicated that microplastics were absent in 64% of sediment and water samples; nevertheless, elevated quantities were identified in areas with considerable human activity, such as İstanbul. Tadpoles demonstrated negligible MP intake, with merely 2 MPs identified among 157 samples, resulting in an average of 0.01 MP per individual. Conversely, 44% of the 100 adult frogs exhibited microplastics in their gastrointestinal tracts, averaging 1.52 microplastics per individual. The MPs were primarily fibers (90.8%) and comprised polymers such as ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) (32.5%) and polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) (20.8%). The study emphasizes the potential dangers of microplastics to amphibian health and reinforces the necessity of addressing microplastic pollution in freshwater habitats through focused conservation initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01065-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated approach to assessing the quality of sediments in the Great Backa and Bega canals, Serbia","authors":"Tanja Tomić,&nbsp;Tamara Jurca,&nbsp;Dunja Rađenović Veselić,&nbsp;Nataša Slijepčević,&nbsp;Dejan Krčmar,&nbsp;Milena Bečelić-Tomin,&nbsp;Dragana Tomašević Pilipović","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01058-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01058-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To improve the process of achieving good ecological and chemical status of waters, it is proposed that issues regarding the sediment in water bodies be incorporated in national and international river basin management programs. For a more realistic sediment quality assessment, multidimensional approaches that include various methods are preferred. The northern part of Serbia has an intertwined network of canals that receive untreated industrial and municipal wastewaters and pollution from the surrounding agricultural land. This leads to the accumulation of large amounts of sediments with varying quality in the canals. To assess the quality of the Great Backa and Bega canal sediments, an analysis based on chemical, ecological and ecotoxicological methods was conducted and the sediment quality triad approach was applied. Ecotoxicological data was obtained in a battery of tests on standard organisms belonging to different trophic levels in various exposure scenarios. Sediment contact tests on <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i>, immobilization tests on <i>Daphnia magna</i> (in water–sediment and elutriates) and <i>Allivibrio fischeri</i> bioluminescence tests (in elutriates) were performed. In addition, a small-scale accumulation test of potentially toxic elements on exposed plants was conducted.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Responses of test organisms in the Great Backa samples were in line with the results of chemical analysis or stronger, while the analysis of aquatic macroinvertebrates reflected bad ecological potential of the canal. The Bega samples were highly contaminated and the ecological potential of the canal was graded as bad, but the ecotoxicological tests did not reveal high toxicity of samples. Plants exposed to samples from both canals took in metals, but inhibition of growth was detected only in the Great Backa samples, while the growth in the Bega samples was stimulated. The principal component analysis revealed no significant correlation between organism responses and results of chemical analysis. Based on the SQT applied, there is a likelihood of adverse effects posed by sediments from both canals.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Ecotoxicological tests complemented the commonly applied methods for sediment quality evaluation. The triad approach applied with the addition of the accumulation test contributed to a more ecologically relevant sediment quality assessment. Results indicated that remediation, dredging or mitigation measures are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01058-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmute biodiversity risks of free trade? The EFTA–Mercosur Agreement (Swiss) case study","authors":"Rémi Willemin,&nbsp;Cornelia B. Krug,&nbsp;Nicolas Roux,&nbsp;Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi,&nbsp;Marc Chesney,&nbsp;Benjamin Curnow,&nbsp;Sierra Deutsch,&nbsp;Maarten B. Eppinga,&nbsp;Johanna Jacobi,&nbsp;Sofia J. van Moorsel,&nbsp;Fanny Petibon,&nbsp;Leila Schuh,&nbsp;Gabi Sonderegger,&nbsp;Patrick O. Waeber,&nbsp;Maria J. Santos","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01063-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01063-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainability and environmental impact assessments of trade and investment agreements need to address biodiversity more effectively. To showcase this, we examined a report, commissioned by Switzerland, on potential environmental impacts and risks of the trade between Switzerland and the Mercosur under the EFTA–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement. Our analysis focuses on chemical pollution, regulatory impact, duty-free precious minerals, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emission to develop a roadmap for (re-)interpreting (muted) risks on biodiversity in light of the Global Biodiversity Framework. Our analytical approach on normative and substantive effectiveness of impact assessments encourages broader responses to impacts of economic policies on biodiversity and ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01063-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using problem formulation for an efficient, fit-for-purpose risk assessment of microbial plant protection products","authors":"Anne K. Steenbergh,&nbsp;Gertie Arts,&nbsp;Peter A. H. M. Bakker,&nbsp;Wietse de Boer,&nbsp;Debora C. M. Glandorf,&nbsp;Mechteld M. S. ter Horst,&nbsp;Rob de Jonge,&nbsp;Willem Jan de Kogel,&nbsp;Jürgen Köhl","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01062-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01062-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The safety of the use of microbial plant protection products (PPP) is assessed before the products can be placed on the market. Due to large differences amongst microbial PPP a case-by-case approach is needed for this assessment. We propose to use the problem formulation approach based on pathways to harm to tailor the assessment to individual microbial PPP and to harmonise this approach when possible. The steps in problem formulation are described and examples are given of how the approach can be used for case-by-case assessments of microbial PPP. We also describe which other elements are needed to fully optimise the risk assessment of microbial PPP and how our approach fits in with the current EU regulatory framework and ongoing activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01062-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking MRSA antibiotic resistance: the impact of environment, pollution, and healthcare quality—a nationwide exploration in China: a comprehensive analysis spanning 2014 to 2021 in mainland China","authors":"Yi-Chang Zhao,&nbsp;Ming-Xuan Xiao,&nbsp;Zhi-Hua Sun,&nbsp;Jia-Kai Li,&nbsp;Huai-yuan Liu,&nbsp;Bi-Kui Zhang,&nbsp;Hua-Lin Cai,&nbsp;Wei Cao,&nbsp;Feng Yu,&nbsp;Miao Yan","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01064-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01064-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The rise of antibiotic resistance has become a critical global health concern, resulting in numerous fatalities annually. Among resistant pathogens, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> (MRSA) poses a particularly severe and expanding threat. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the prevalence, patterns, and contributing factors of MRSA resistance within mainland China.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, the data of MRSA antimicrobial resistance in 31 provinces from 2014 to 2021 were obtained from the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS). Environment and medical care data were obtained either from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) database or the National Ministry of Ecology and Environment (NMEE). Multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore the potential influencing factors of MRSA antibiotic resistance rate (AMR).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant positive associations were identified between MRSA AMR and various factors, including cadmium pollution, soybean and poultry production, and oil consumption. Conversely, an inverse J-shaped relationship was observed between tap water coverage and MRSA resistance. Other noteworthy correlations included the effects of corn and pork production, as well as antibiotic use intensity. Our predictive model explained 52.7% of the variability in MRSA AMR, demonstrating strong predictive capability.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the significant role of environmental, agricultural, and healthcare factors in influencing MRSA AMR in China. The findings emphasize the need for integrated strategies addressing regional environmental and healthcare quality in combating antibiotic resistance. Extending this research globally could enhance understanding of MRSA resistance dynamics on a broader scale.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01064-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future climate and agricultural farming systems affect the fungal plastisphere of different biodegradable plastics at the early stage of field degradation","authors":"Benjawan Tanunchai,&nbsp;Martin Schädler,&nbsp;Matthias Noll","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01051-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01051-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of biodegradable mulch films has an advantage over non-biodegradable ones, as it offers degradation by microbes under environmental conditions. Nevertheless, less is known about the microbial colonization of different biodegradable plastics under different agricultural systems and climate change conditions. In the current study, the plastic degradation experiment was conducted at the Global Change Experimental Facility platform, specifically in conventional and organic farming systems, both under ambient and future climatic conditions. In this study, we investigated the early fungal colonizers associated with polybutylene-succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) with polyethylene (PE) as a reference in comparison to the initial soil fungal community.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We found a distinct pattern between soil and plastisphere fungi. Soil fungi were dominated by Sordariomycetes (mainly <i>Gibellulopsis</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, and <i>Gibberella</i>), and fungi in plastics were dominated by Dothideomycetes (mainly <i>Mycosphaerella</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>). These microbes were previously reported as plastic colonizers and potential plastic degraders. We found that agricultural systems affect both fungal richness and community composition of the plastisphere. Plastic type significantly affected the fungal richness, but not the fungal community composition. The two different agricultural systems undergo different treatments, including crop rotation and fertilization, which in turn impact the fungal colonization of the biodegradable plastics.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides new insights into factors that affect early fungal colonization of different biodegradable plastics under real field conditions using high-throughput sequencing. These data are of high relevance to evaluate the plastic composition for adjusted rate of plastic biodegradation for upcoming mulch film products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01051-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of polyethylene and polyurethane microplastics and their adsorption behavior on Cu2+ and Fe3+ in environmental matrices","authors":"Ilaria Zanoni,&nbsp;Lucia Briccolani,&nbsp;Lara Faccani,&nbsp;Magda Blosi,&nbsp;Simona Ortelli,&nbsp;Matteo Crosera,&nbsp;Giovanna Marussi,&nbsp;Stefania Albonetti,&nbsp;Anna Luisa Costa","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01061-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01061-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the world faces growing environmental challenges, understanding the nature of microplastics—such as Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polyurethane (PU)—and their transformation in water-based environments is necessary for predicting and mitigating their effects. In this study, we investigated their physicochemical characteristics, presence of impurities, colloidal behavior, and sorption capacity to understand better how microplastics behave and transform in the environment, including their role in transporting heavy metals. The two types of microparticles investigated fall into distinct size ranges, approximately 70 microns for PE particles and around 5 microns for PU particles. Both samples showed a spherical morphology and an evident surface micro-roughness. The elemental and thermal analysis did not show the presence of any significant metal impurities. The zeta-potential measurements as a function of pH provided insights into the dispersion behavior of microplastics (MPs) in freshwaters, suitable for the growth of Zebrafish (Egg water) and Daphnia magna (Elendt M7 Water). Both materials showed in bidistilled water negative zeta potential (ZP) at natural pH (ZP = − 51.0 ± 4.3 mV at pH = 6.6 and ZP = − 29.5 ± 1.4 mV at pH = 5.6 for LDPE and PU, respectively), justified by the presence of surface-active charged impurities. In saline media, ZP vs. pH curves were flatter, with ZP values near 0 mV, confirming the reduced colloidal stability from higher ionic strength and double-layer compression. Finally, we assessed the metal adsorption capacity to establish the role of microplastics in the transport of heavy metals in the environment. We observed selective adsorption for Cu²⁺ ions, which was both medium-dependent (more ions adsorbed in Elendt M7) and plastic-dependent, with PU showing a stronger affinity for Cu²⁺ in MilliQ and Egg water. On the contrary, both plastics showed similar adsorption capacity for Fe³⁺ ions across all media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01061-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of ICT adoption technologies and renewable energy consumption in achieving a sustainable environment in the United States: an SDGs-based policy framework","authors":"Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo,&nbsp;Oktay Özkan,&nbsp;Dilber Uzun Ozsahin,&nbsp;Babatunde Sunday Eweade,&nbsp;Bright Akwasi Gyamfi","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01059-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01059-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, rapid development has exacerbated climate challenges, posing serious threats to ecological sustainability. To address these issues, renewable energy, ICT technologies, financial development, and globalization have emerged as essential tools for mitigating ecological impacts and fostering green economic growth. These measures align closely with the goals of COP 28, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, the United States faces considerable challenges in reconciling socio-economic development with environmental sustainability. This study, therefore, investigates the key drivers of CO₂ emissions (CO₂) in the United States using data from 1990Q1 to 2021Q4. The study employs wavelet quantile-on-quantile regression along with quantile cointegration to analyze these dynamics across different quantiles and timeframes. The results from the study showed that across all quantiles and periods, ICT adoption technologies and fiscal decentralization increase CO₂, while globalization, renewable energy consumption and financial development lessen CO₂.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01059-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the new hazard classes in the CLP regulation on EU chemicals legislation","authors":"Diana Kättström,&nbsp;Anna Beronius,&nbsp;Urban Boije af Gennäs,&nbsp;Christina Rudén,&nbsp;Marlene Ågerstrand","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01054-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01054-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The EU recently introduced four new hazard classes to the Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation (CLP) (EC) 1272/2008. The classes are endocrine disruption for human health (ED HH) and the environment (ED ENV), persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB), and persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) or very persistent and very mobile (vPvM). This action was a direct consequence of the EU’s Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability, which aims at strengthening the protection of human health and the environment, as well as reinforcing the CLP Regulation as the central piece of the chemicals legislation. This study examined the regulatory obligations triggered by these new hazard classes, as well as the existing obligations for endocrine disrupters and PBT/vPvB substances identified in other EU regulations. In addition, we compared the CLP criteria for endocrine disruption and PBT/vPvB to criteria existing in other EU regulations and investigated how these criteria are used in the EU chemicals legislation. We found that the implementation of the new hazard classes under the CLP into existing EU chemicals legislation will require the revision of all regulations that rely on the CLP hazard criteria for risk management. Without revision, the immediate impact of the new hazard classes will only extend to six regulations and the regulatory obligations they contain, all of which apply to substances classified under any of the CLP hazard classes. Meanwhile, substances with endocrine disrupting and PBT/vPvB properties are already being identified and regulated using criteria from regulations other than the CLP. When comparing the criteria for identification of endocrine disrupters and PBT/vPvB substances across the chemicals legislation, we found that the criteria differed between regulations. The findings aim to support the efficient implementation of the new CLP hazard classes and harmonization of criteria across regulations, in line with the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of sampling sites in Germany for the International Moss Survey 2020 using statistics and decision modelling","authors":"Stefan Nickel,&nbsp;Winfried Schröder","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01055-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01055-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>After 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2015, Germany participated in the International Moss Monitoring 2020 (MM2020). The German contribution to MM2020 aimed at pilot studies on the suitability of bioindication with mosses for recording the atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants and microplastics.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This investigation was based on moss samples collected at 25 sites in Germany: Eight sites at which concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were determined in the Moss Survey 2015 were included. In addition, twelve sites were selected from the pool of the total of 400 moss collection sites in 2015. Further five sites of the German moss monitoring network 2015 were added, at which moss samples were collected in 2020 for developing the sample preparation and for preliminary investigations. The selection of the five test sites was based on the same criteria as for the 20 target sites of the 2020 monitoring to make the analysis data of the test phase usable for later evaluations. To ensure methodological transparency and objectivity, a procedure based on statistical methods and decision modelling was developed for this purpose. The decision algorithm enabled taking into account a large number of technical criteria. Selected features of the three subsamples comprising 8, 20 and 25 sites were compared with those of the full sample (<i>n</i> = 400 sites of Moss Survey 2015) and inferentially tested whether the thinning of the 2015 sampling network (<i>n</i> = 400) to 8, 20 and 25 sites, respectively, leads to significant changes in its information quality or not.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Methods of decision modelling and inferential statistics have proven their worth for transparently restructuring the moss monitoring network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01055-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}