Environmental Science and Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"The impact of urbanization on green spaces spatial pattern from 2003 to 2017: a landscape metrics analysis in Ardabil city, Iran.","authors":"Nazila Alaei, Raoof Mostafazadeh, Bita Moezzipour, Sajjad Hussain, Milad Hosseinzadehniri","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36980-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36980-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urbanization impacts the structure and spatial urban green spaces (UGS) patterns, necessitating the expansion of these areas to address environmental challenges. To evaluate UGS patterns, characteristics, and overall integrity, landscape metrics are employed. This study examines UGS changes in Ardabil, Iran, by analyzing spatial patterns and changes in per capita across different periods, utilizing Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Landscape metrics were computed using Fragstats software at both the class and patch levels for each period under investigation. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of urban green spaces (UGSs) in Ardabil, Iran, is suboptimal. Analysis reveals a decrease in the density of UGS patches over recent years. The reduction in the number of UGS patches has led to a deterioration in their spatial arrangement. In 2012, Ardabil had 8.40 m² of UGS per capita, which was close to the national standard of 12 m². However, by 2017, the per capita UGS dropped to 5.25 m² per capita. Landscape metrics such as SPLIT and DIVISION show an increased distance between UGS patches, due to urban growth and expansion of more distantly located UGSs. The study demonstrates a shortage of UGS in Ardabil, with reduced patch density and per capita availability, underscoring the urgent need for increased UGS planning and development. The findings derived from the analysis of landscape metrics reveal a shortage of urban green spaces (UGS) in Ardabil, as evidenced by reduced patch density and per capita accessibility. These results indicate the necessity of adopting integrated urban planning approaches to enhance spatial connectivity and improve public access to green spaces. Overall, the study determines the critical role of landscape metrics as an effective tool for supporting decision-making related to sustainable environmental development in rapidly expanding urban areas. This study's findings can guide policymakers in Ardabil, Iran, to prioritize UGS expansion and connectivity, fostering sustainable urban environments that mitigate environmental challenges and enhance residents' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seawater intrusion in the coastal regions: effects on DBPs speciation and risks.","authors":"Shakhawat Chowdhury","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36954-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36954-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seawater intrusion changes the chemical composition of fresh water in coastal groundwater and surface water sources, leading to the formation of additional brominated and iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. In this study, impact of seawater intrusion on trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) concentrations was assessed through mixing 0.0 to 2.0% seawater (SW) to groundwater (GW). Human exposure and risks were predicted for selected DBPs, which were then used to estimate the loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The initial concentrations of bromide and iodide ions in GW without seawater were 42.5 µg/L and non-detectable (ND), respectively. For 2.0% SW, the concentrations were increased up to 1100 and 2.1 µg/L respectively. For 0.0% SW, averages of regulated THMs, HAAs and iodinated THMs (I-THMs) were 30.4, 27.9 and 0.13 µg/L respectively while these concentrations were 106.3, 72.9 and 1.6 µg/L in the samples with 2.0% SW respectively. From 0.0% to 2.0% SW, bromoform (TBM) and iodoform levels were increased up to 94.3 and 1.02 µg/L respectively. For HAAs, tribromoacetic acid was increased from 2.0 to 43.7 µg/L. The overall cancer risk from selected DBPs was 3.09 × 10⁻⁵ for 0.0% SW, while at 1.0% and 2.0% SW, the risks were 4.88 × 10⁻⁵ and 4.11 × 10⁻⁵ respectively. The loss of DALY was increased for up to 1.0%SW (77.30 at 0.0%SW and 122.0 at 1.0%SW), which was decreased to 102.8 at 2.0%SW. Future study is warranted to better control emerging DBPs in the coastal regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectrokinetic approach for remediating loam soil contaminated with vegetable oil, mineral oil, and diesel.","authors":"Debora Conde Molina, Mauricio Rizzardi, Vanina Di Gregorio","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36989-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36989-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioelectrokinetic remediation integrates electrokinetic and bioremediation processes to enhance the removal of pollutants from the soil. This study evaluates the efficiency of bioelectrokinetic remediation in treating loam soils contaminated with vegetable oil, mineral oil, and diesel at a concentration of 20,000 mg/kg under low-voltage conditions (0.11 V/cm), aiming to maintain microbial activity while minimizing drastic pH fluctuations near the electrodes. A 14-day microcosm experiment was conducted, monitoring physicochemical parameters (pH, moisture content, contaminant distribution) and biological responses (heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, contaminant-degrading bacteria, fungi, and microbial enzymatic activity). The results demonstrated significant contaminant migration towards the anode for all three pollutants. Vegetable oil contamination showed degradation rates (average zones of 22.06%, central zone of 62.29% related to control), attributed to electromigration and increased microbial population and activity. A similar effect was noticed for diesel biodegradation (average zones of 15.23%, central zone of 64.50% related to control). In contrast, mineral oil exhibited no degradation and enhanced microbial activity, with a 29.89% reduction in the central zone related to the control, attributed exclusively to migration of pollutant to the anode. These findings lay the groundwork for developing optimized remediation strategies that maximize contaminant removal while preserving microbial activity, contributing to the advancement of sustainable soil restoration strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ARIMAX for analyzing and forecasting regional carbon emissions towards sustainable development: a case study of Changzhou, China.","authors":"Fenglin Han, Yuji Du, Caihua Liang, Huijin Qian, Jinrui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36941-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36941-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is increasingly evident that climate change has an inevitable impact on the environment, the society, and human health. NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory has been measuring global carbon dioxide concentration such as XCO₂ for years, and such remote sensing data have been proved to be effective in policy-making and implementation towards sustainable development. China's \"30-60\" target has set a higher target for sustainable development. An 8-year retrospective sequential trend And a 4-year monthly forecast for Changzhou City in China using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model are studied. Social and economic factors are incorporated into mathematical model for deriving carbon emissions from atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Regional total net carbon emissions in all counties in Changzhou have been increasing over the past 8 years and during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 35.25 Mt in 2015 to 68.31 Mt in 2022, And are predicted to reach 93.26 Mt by 2026, while the growth rate will decrease from peak 13.65% to 7.69%. Carbon reduction measurements and technologies towards the carbon peak and carbon neutral have contributed to the decrease of carbon emission growth rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations in sources of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Godavari estuary (India) using stable carbon isotopes.","authors":"R Sreevidhya, V R D Ghosh, B S K Kumar, S Pullyottum-Kavil, R Chakrabarti, D Cardinal, V V S S Sarma","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36944-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36944-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seasonal variations in sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with reference to river discharge were evaluated using concentrations and isotopic composition of DIC ( <math><mi>δ</mi></math> ¹³C_DIC) in the Godavari estuary. Near freshwater was observed throughout the entire estuary during the wet period, whereas mixing of freshwater and marine water occurred during the dry period. Concentrations of DIC displayed an inverse relationship with salinity, with lower <math><mi>δ</mi></math> ¹³C_DIC values in the upper than the lower estuary during the dry period, suggesting that DIC variability in the estuary can be explained through the estuarine mixing. In contrast, no significant trends in the concentration and <math><mi>δ</mi></math> ¹³C_DIC were observed during the wet period in the estuary due to dominant freshwater flow. The deviation of the DIC (ΔDIC) and <math><mi>δ</mi></math> ¹³C_DIC (Δ <math><mi>δ</mi></math> ¹³C_DIC) from the mixing line between freshwater and seawater end members indicates that the DIC is modified within the estuary. The plot of ΔDIC and Δ <math><mi>δ</mi></math> ¹³C_DIC indicates that biological production contributed to DIC changes mostly during the dry period. Dominant contribution through organic matter decomposition was observed in the lower estuary from February to April and August. DIC contribution through the dissolution of carbonate mineral particles was noticed in the lower estuary of March and the entire estuary during October. The lower estuary from January to June seems to be influenced by carbonate production. Submarine groundwater discharge contributed to < 5% of the total DIC in the estuary during the dry period. The annual DIC flux to the Bay of Bengal amounted to 1.8 ± 0.4 Tg y^-1 (1 Tg = 10¹² g) with maximum contribution during the wet period (~ 86% of annual flux). The annual water flux from the Godavari River is ~ 0.15% of the global river water, whereas the annual DIC flux from the Godavari is ~ 0.5% of the global river DIC flux. This study suggests that DIC was significantly modified within the Godavari estuary and supplies disproportionately to the coastal ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From batch to continuous in electrocoagulation: key parameters for efficient scaling in water treatment.","authors":"Bernardo João Francisco Companhia, Paulo Sérgio Scalize","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36962-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36962-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing presence of recalcitrant compounds in water and wastewater, such as heavy metals, dyes, fluorides, and pharmaceuticals, challenges conventional treatment methods, which often exhibit low efficiency, high reagent consumption, or the generation of undesirable by-products. In this context, electrocoagulation emerges as a promising alternative, as it generates coagulants in situ, reduces the need for chemical additives, and demonstrates high efficiency in pollutant removal. The aim of this study was to identify the constructional and operational parameters that most influence the efficiency of transitioning from batch to continuous electrocoagulation systems. To achieve this, a scientometric review based on the PRISMA methodology was conducted, with a statistical analysis of 60 articles selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Results indicated that the most investigated pollutants were COD, turbidity, and apparent color, with aluminum and iron electrodes being predominant. Average removal efficiency was slightly higher in batch mode, but without a statistically significant difference compared to continuous mode (p > 0.05). Parameters such as initial pH and electrode spacing positively affected efficiency, while current density and electrode area showed a negative correlation. It is concluded that the transition from batch to continuous reactors is feasible, provided appropriate adjustments to operational and constructional parameters are made, offering practical guidance for industrial-scale applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic methane oxidation can impact phosphorus retention in lake sediments.","authors":"Xiaoqing Shao, Khoren Avetisyan, David Sweetnam, Maria Dittrich","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36910-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36910-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high organic content in freshwater sediments is often linked to methane (CH₄) presence and phosphorus (P) release to water column. However, there are few investigations on an impact of the CH₄-oxidation pathway for P retention in freshwater systems. In this study, we investigated an impact of anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) by iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide on P loading from sediments. We performed a field experimental study and a modelling balance approach. The study site is a typical northern temperate freshwater ecosystem for northern Laurentian Great lakes catchment around Lake Huron. The redox-sensitive P binding form, linked to P bound on Fe- and manganese-(hydro) oxides was the dominant TP fraction from 0 to 30 cm. The CH₄ concentration reached the maximum concentration of 109 μM at 24 cm in the sediment. We suggest one possible explanation for SRP enrichment at 16-20 cm may be attributed to Fe (III) reduction coupled to AOM (Fe-AOM), which promotes the dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides and the subsequent release of adsorbed phosphate. This interpretation is supported by concurrent CH₄ consumption and the prevailing geochemical conditions in this depth interval. Fe-AOM may contribute up to 79.5 µmol m⁻² day⁻¹ P release. Vivianite was identified in deeper sediment layers, below the depth interval where Fe-AOM activity is suggested. Our findings underscore the necessary of comprehending the impact of Fe-AOM, which is documented in numerous freshwater sediments, on the P cycle in freshwater system.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating dust deposition effects on solar panels: an experimental approach using hydrophobic coating and vibration","authors":"Himanshu Kumar,&nbsp;Sandeep Yadav,&nbsp;Abhilasha Chaudhary,&nbsp;Sumit Sharma,&nbsp;Anita Kuradiya","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36946-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-025-36946-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the desert of western Rajasthan, deposition of dust on the photovoltaic panels is one of the major concerns that reduces the performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels. One key solution to this problem is to provide a coating on the panels. This coating reduces the adhesion of dust particles to the panel, though it does not actively push the dust away. Another method involves using a vibration mechanism attached to the panel to remove dust particles by gravity. Therefore, this investigation aims to experimentally evaluate the effect of applying a hydrophobic coating combined with a mechanical vibrator on panel performance. Three photovoltaic panels are used in this investigation. The first panel is regarded as a reference panel where no coating or vibration is applied. On the second panel, a hydrophobic coating is applied, and this panel is taken as the coated panel, while, along with the hydrophobic coating, a mechanical vibrator is also attached to the back side of the third panel. The experimental findings indicated that after a week of exposure, the electrical efficiency of the reference panel reduced by 13.59%, the coated panel by 5.72%, and the panel with both coating and mechanical vibration by 2.4%. Additionally, compared to the reference panel, the coated panel and the panel with both coating and mechanical vibration showed efficiency improvements of 9% and 13%, respectively. Furthermore, the vibration system demonstrated a 1.11% increase in panel efficiency after just 2 min of operation. The results indicate that the use of a mechanical vibrator with a panel resulted in an improvement in the performance of PV panels along with the use of coating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"32 36","pages":"21758 - 21768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation into biomaterial valorization as eco-friendly coagulants and flocculants for wastewater treatment in semi-arid regions","authors":"Souad Kies,&nbsp;Abdelkrim Hazzab,&nbsp;Djamila Ikhou,&nbsp;Khadidja Ketrouci,&nbsp;Khaled Korichi","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36939-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-025-36939-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of four natural biomaterials—<i>Agave</i> extract (AgEx), <i>Opuntia</i> extract (OpEx), potato skin (PP), and sawdust (SD) as sustainable alternatives to chemical agents for wastewater treatment. The main objectives include identifying the most effective conventional coagulant, evaluating their performance as flocculation aids and in exclusive use, and studying the underlying molecular mechanisms by identifying the most effective synergistic combinations for water resource management in the semi-arid region of Mecheria, Algeria. To meet these objectives, the experiment is conducted in several phases via the jar test protocol, making it possible to evaluate different treatment configurations. First, conventional chemical coagulants are tested alone; then, the best-performing one is combined with biomaterials acting as adjunctive flocculants. Finally, biomaterials were used exclusively, both as primary coagulants and as flocculants. Among chemical coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl₄) showed the highest efficacy with a 90% reduction in turbidity at a dose of 0.4 g over 30 min. When assisted by Natural flocculants at their optimal doses, turbidity removal rates reached 99.87% with 3 mL of AgEx, 99.79% with 0.2 g of SD, 98.51% with 0.4 g of PP, and 92.91% with 1.0 mL of OpEx. When used on its own, OpEx was found to be the most effective of the biomaterials, achieving a turbidity removal of 85.35% at a dose of 2.5 mL. In addition, the combination of the most effective biomaterials, with AgEx as a coagulant and OpEx as a flocculant, produced a maximum reduction in turbidity of 82.60%, indicating a promising synergy between them. These non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible biomaterials prove effective for wastewater treatment. Their application represents a sustainable alternative to chemical coagulants, improving purification efficiency and supporting better water resource management in arid environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"32 36","pages":"21769 - 21790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion protection of mild steel in acidic media using CBL: electrochemical and gravimetric insights at elevated and ambient temperatures","authors":"Priya Kesari,&nbsp;Udayabhanu Gopalakrishnan Nair","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36912-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-025-36912-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corrosion of mild steel in acidic environments poses a major challenge in industries such as descaling and petrochemical processing; in this regard, corrosion inhibitors play an important role in mitigating material degradation. The present work focuses on the utilization of cigarette butt litter (CBL) waste, an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium for extreme environment. CBL not only addresses waste management but also offers alternatives to traditional inhibitors. The research employed gravimetric analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization techniques to evaluate the inhibition effects of the water extract of CBL on mild steel, which has the potential as a sustainable solution for corrosion prevention. It observed that the inhibition efficiency improved with the addition of CBL and maximum inhibition efficiency of 98.48% achieved at 15% HCl concentration. CBL exhibits the efficiency of 92.82% at higher temperature of 333 K which confirmed higher performance even at elevated temperature. Also, Langmuir adsorption isotherm (<span>({Delta G}_{ads}^{0})</span>) of − 10.71 kJ/mol confirming the physisorption mechanism shows the enhanced chemical bonding at the mild steel substrate that improves the corrosion resistance. The slight shift in <span>({E}_{corr})</span> as compared to the blank acidic solution indicates that CBL functions as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor that shows the effective reduction of both anodic and cathodic reactions, offering comprehensive protection against corrosion in acidic environments. Furthermore, the FESEM and AFM micrographs confirmed the formation of protective film barrier of CBL over the mild steel surface. The main chemical components were examined through a theoretical study, showing good alignment with the experimental data. The mechanism shows that nicotine in CBL adsorbs onto mild steel, forming a protective film that inhibits corrosion in acidic solutions by blocking corrosive species.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"32 36","pages":"21740 - 21757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}