Environmental Science and Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine carbonaceous PM emissions.","authors":"Xinling Li, Pengcheng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36511-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36511-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As one of the most effective ways of reducing nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emission, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been widely used in diesel engines. However, EGR generally shows adversely effective in particulate matter (PM) emissions. The chemical composition of the PM with the application of EGR is not well identified because few previous publications focus on this topic, especially for high EGR rate cases. In this paper, emission characteristics of organic carbon (OC, OC₁-OC₄), elemental carbon (EC, EC₁-EC₂), and particulate semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) including 18 n-alkanes and 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for a common-rail diesel engine at mild and high EGR rate conditions (up to maximum achievable level while maintaining stable combustion) were analyzed at four steady-state conditions comprehensively. It can be clearly observed that EGR rate instead of load and speed significantly affects the EC emission under the experimental conditions. EC emission increase with increasing EGR rate, which is divided to two sections, i.e., slight increase from 0 to 30% (mild EGR rate) and sharp increase from 30 to 45% (high EGR rate). TC is dominated by OC₁, OC₂, and EC₁ at low EGR rate, and the fraction of EC₁ evidently increases with increasing EGR rate. It is observed that TC is heavily dominated by EC₂ at highest EGR rate ranges, which corresponds to the lower heat release rates (lower HRR_max at higher EGR rate) and lower air-fuel ratio at these conditions. All the target PAHs increase with increasing EGR rate at the four operation modes. The adverse effect of EGR on PAH emission is less significant than EC emission. Moreover, the effect of EGR rate on the PAH ring distribution is not significant. Both of total ∑C₁₆-C₂₅ and ∑C₂₆-C₃₃ emission rates evidently increase at high EGR rate condition in comparison with those at baseline and mild EGR condition cases, which indicates that both fuel-derived and oil-derived n-alkanes exhibit higher emission rate at high EGR conditions compared with those at baseline and mild EGR condition. The application of EGR helped with other controlling strategies (e.g., fuel injection, after-treatment device) is suggested to suppress the carbonaceous PM formation for the modern common-rail diesel engine.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on zonal variability of lightning activity over the Indo-Gangetic Plains.","authors":"Jeni Nepolian Victor, Adarsh Dube, Devendraa Siingh, Adarsh Kumar Kamra","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36498-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36498-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud top temperature (CTT) decreased in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) during the COVID-19 lockdown in India from March 23/25 to May 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2017-2019. Aerosols, convective vigour, and moisture were pivotal in influencing the lightning flash rate (LFR) across various longitudinal belts. In the arid environment of the 70-82° E belt, coarse-mode mineral particles dominated, and LFR was low and inversely correlated with AOD. However, a fivefold increase in LFR in the 82-85° E belt was associated with the formation of deep convective clouds during the lockdown. In the 85-90° E belt, LFR declined during the lockdown but increased in 2017-2019, supporting the roles of mixed-phase processes in the dry and moist environments. AOD and aerosol extinction (AE) peaked at 0.8 and 1.5-1.6, respectively, at 88° E. In the moist environment of the 90-95° E belt, the influence of heat-absorbing aerosols diminished during the lockdown. Here, the vertical development of clouds was driven by the orography of hill ranges along the India-Myanmar border, rather than thermodynamic processes. Overall, both LFR and CTT declined with longitude due to decreased anthropogenic aerosols during the lockdown. Supporting evidence from related parameters reinforces these conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Quassia indica derived synthesis of Co₃O₄/ZnO nanohybrids for efficient dye degradation and cytotoxicity assessment.","authors":"Shilpa Susan Scaria, Kadanthottu Sebastian Joseph","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36502-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36502-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While there are exciting possibilities in nanotechnology, creating environmentally safe nanoparticles with a variety of uses in photocatalysis and biomedicine continues to be a significant issue. This work addresses the gap by introducing Quassia indica leaf extract as a bio reductant and stabilizer in the green synthesis of cobalt oxide-zinc oxide nanoparticles (QI: Co₃O₄/ZnO NP). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The existence of hexagonal zinc oxide and cubic cobalt oxide phases in the synthesized nanoparticles was verified by XRD analysis. The elemental composition was confirmed by EDX, which showed that oxygen, zinc, and cobalt were present. The average hydrodynamic diameter of 244.5 d. nm was found via DLS measurements, indicating well dispersed nanoparticles. Under UV light irradiation, photocatalytic activity of QI: Co₃O₄/ZnO NP was assessed for the degradation of textile dyes (Reactive Blue-222, Reactive Blue-220, Reactive Red-120, and Reactive Yellow-145). Phytotoxicity tests were conducted to examine the possible environmental impact of the deteriorated dye solution, revealing promising results in mitigating the detrimental impact of industrial dyes. QI: Co₃O₄/ZnO NP was also assessed for cytotoxicity studies in DLA and EAC cells which showed a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. The research outcomes emphasize the significant potential of these nanoparticles in diverse arena by offering a sustainable and efficacious resolution to the present-day problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries.","authors":"Md Maniruzzaman, Md Missile Islam, Md Hazrat Ali, Nobendu Mukerjee, Swastika Maitra, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Arabinda Ghosh, Melvin A Castrosanto, Athanasios Alexiou, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Priti Tagde, Md Habibur Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution and its role in the rising burden of type 2 diabetes in India: urgent call for action.","authors":"Sampara Vasishta, Usha Adiga","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36508-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36508-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India is rapidly becoming the global epicenter of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a complex disease influenced by multiple factors including diet, lifestyle, urbanization, genetics, and environmental exposures such as air pollution. The rapid pace of urbanization, coupled with growing population density, exacerbates air pollution levels in major Indian cities, with pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5), (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and carbon monoxide (CO) being significantly elevated in comparison with the rural areas. These pollutants have been implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D, by inducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction leading to vascular complications of T2D. International studies also highlight a similar association between air pollution and the incidence of T2D. The multifactorial nature of the disease, combined with the myriad of contributing environmental and lifestyle factors, makes it challenging to pinpoint specific risk elements. To mitigate the impact of these combined factors, continuous monitoring of air quality is imperative. Monitoring of traffic emissions, promotion of electric vehicles (EVs), and enhancement of mass transit options can each mitigate the impact of air pollution on type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can optimize these interventions, making them even more effective. Urban planning strategies focused on increasing green spaces, afforestation, and sustainable construction practices are essential for long term health benefits. Collectively, these solutions present a holistic approach to combating T2D and improving public health amidst the challenges posed by urbanization and environmental pollution in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Isolation and characterization of novel lytic bacteriophages that infect multi drug resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli.","authors":"Sudhaker Padmesh, Aditi Singh, Sidharth Chopra, Manodeep Sen, Saman Habib, Deepti Shrivastava, Parul Johri","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36539-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36539-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the groundwater quality status of the phreatic aquifer in Grombalia (Tunisia) for irrigation via geostatistical modeling.","authors":"Constantinos F Panagiotou, Thuraya Mellah, Hatem Baccouche, Marinos Eliades, Lobna Mansouri, Marinos Stylianou, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, Hanen Jarray, Hanene Akrout","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36512-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36512-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is the first attempt to characterize the suitability of the Grombalia phreatic aquifer for irrigation use by combining traditional classification diagrams with different geostatistical interpolation methods. The Wilcox and USSL diagrams suggest that only 20% of the groundwater samples satisfy the recommended sodium standards, whereas 50% of the groundwater samples are classified as unsuitable for irrigation because of salinity constraints. The spatial interpolation of four parameters, particularly electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, and piezometric levels, is performed via ordinary kriging (OK). The results reveal the presence of high values of EC in the central and northern parts of the aquifer, and that chloride concentrations exceed the recommended irrigation standards in a large portion of the aquifer, mainly due to the presence of excessive industrial discharge. High levels of COD are observed in the northwestern part, probably due to anthropogenic sources. Indicator kriging (IK) revealed that a large portion of the northern part is likely to experience salinity and toxicity adversities, whereas the majority of the southern part is considered to be suitable for irrigation use. In particular, 38% of the study area is expected to be suitable for irrigation use concerning salinity (i.e., electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS)), whereas an even lower portion (16%) is expected with respect to chloride.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of fly ash contamination on soil microbial diversity: a metagenomic study near Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant, India.","authors":"Biswajit Paul, Palash Pan, Nandan Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36520-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36520-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil metagenomics using whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) uncovers microbial diversity and functionality in soils. This study aimed to explore microbial diversity and functional adaptation in soils exposed to fly ash near the Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant, West Bengal, India, using whole genome shotgun sequencing. Understanding how microbial communities respond to such contamination is essential for developing effective bioremediation strategies. Soil samples were collected from the area, designated as BP1 sample selected for detailed metagenomics analysis. The study extracted DNA with a concentration of 46.2 ng/µl, followed by quality checks and profiling to identify microbial communities. Analysis showed that bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria (48.28%) and Proteobacteria (40.80%), while fungi were primarily represented by Ascomycota (89.50%). Among viruses, Negarnaviricota were most prevalent, with the class Insthoviricetes accounting for 94.60%. Diversity analysis indicated that bacterial populations remained stable, fungal diversity fluctuated, and viral diversity increased, reflecting complex ecological interactions. The presence of key genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism suggests that microbes adapted to contamination by heavy metals and organic pollutants. The dominance of stress-tolerant Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria highlights their potential role in bioremediation. Future research should explore the potential of these microbes, particularly the role of ABC transporters, in improving pollutant degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvesting of microalgae using Saccharum officinarum bagasse: characterization, process optimization, and evaluation of harvesting potential.","authors":"Pooja Barman, Faiz Ahmad Ansari, Akalesh Kumar Verma, Mayuri Chabukdhara","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36507-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36507-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In microalgae downstream processing, biomass harvesting is a key step that requires a huge amount of energy. Microalgae harvesting can directly influence the microalgal biomass industry for its wide applications. In the present work, sugarcane bagasse (SB) was investigated as a plant waste-derived flocculant for harvesting microalgae. The SB with 40mg/L exhibited harvesting efficiency (HE) of 93.6% and 89.48% at pH 7.5 and 9.5, respectively. SB showed a negative surface charge, indicating that the flocculation mechanism in the present study is not primarily through charge neutralization. Elemental analysis of harvested biomass showed the presence of 27.07% of carbon, 6.83% of hydrogen, and 5.86% of nitrogen. Overall, results indicate the possible utility of SB as low-cost eco-friendly plant-based waste material for mixed microalgae harvesting. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared), Zeta potential, SEM (scanning electron microscope), and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) analysis were performed to assess the characteristics of SB and mechanism of harvesting. The FTIR spectrum analysis of SB revealed the presence of multiple functional groups indicating their possible role in flocculation by bridging mechanisms. The SB has promising potential to be used at a demonstration scale for microalgae harvesting for various applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Remediation of soils on municipal rendering plant territories using Miscanthus × giganteus.","authors":"Anna Grzegórska, Natalia Czaplicka, Jacek Antonkiewicz, Piotr Rybarczyk, Agnieszka Baran, Krzysztof Dobrzyński, Dawid Zabrocki, Andrzej Rogala","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36532-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36532-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}