Mohammad Junaid Sidiq, Alexander Ciji, Chinnathangam Siva, Narinder Kumar Chadha, Paramita Banerjee Sawant, Pramod Kumar Pandey, Mohammad Shahbaz Akhtar
{"title":"Ambient ultraviolet-B exposure brings quantum changes in phenotypic and molecular signatures of the embryo of a high-altitude fish, Tor putitora.","authors":"Mohammad Junaid Sidiq, Alexander Ciji, Chinnathangam Siva, Narinder Kumar Chadha, Paramita Banerjee Sawant, Pramod Kumar Pandey, Mohammad Shahbaz Akhtar","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35627-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35627-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of environmentally relevant ultraviolet B (UVB) light on the embryonic development of a high-altitude dwelling endangered fish, Tor putitora (golden mahseer), were investigated for the first time. For that, three sets of embryos (in triplicates) were exposed to various ambient UVB light doses (1, 2 and 3 W/m<sup>2</sup>, corresponding to 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>/day) for 1 h at two different embryonic stages (1 hpf-hours post fertilization and 32 hpf). Another set of embryos was exposed to visible light for the same duration and served as the light control (LC), and the last set was kept under ideal dark conditions for incubation (the dark control, DC). The results showed that the higher levels of UVB light (> 2 W/m<sup>2</sup>) decreased the hatching rate and survival of embryos and hatchlings, extended the hatching window or hatching time and caused embryonic and hatching deformities. The qPCR analysis revealed upregulation of genes such as nf-kb2, il-1β, tnfα, tlr5, nrf2, bcl2, caspase9, p53, ddb2, mmp13a, mc1r and hsp70 in a dose-dependent manner upon UVB exposure. Overall, the high ambient level of UVB exposure (3 W/m<sup>2</sup>, equivalent to 10.8 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>/day) in golden mahseer embryos proved to be lethal or sub-lethal, which were mediated by (or related to) immunological changes, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage and aberrant development. Further, harmful effects of UVB were found to be stage-dependent and were more significant at 32 hpf. The study is the first preliminary report, at the molecular level, on the impact of environmentally occurring UVB on the embryonic development of an endangered fish species, the golden mahseer.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack Greenshields, Amie Anastasi, Andrew D Irving, Angela Capper
{"title":"A systematic review to assess current surface water and sediment microplastic sampling practices in seagrass and mangrove ecosystems.","authors":"Jack Greenshields, Amie Anastasi, Andrew D Irving, Angela Capper","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35690-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35690-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global plastic production is estimated to be 400 million tonnes per annum, with ~ 5.25 trillion fragments floating in our oceans. Microplastics (< 5 mm) have the potential to disproportionately accumulate and become trapped in mangroves and seagrass meadows, creating plastic 'sinks'. This is concerning as these ecosystems are of great ecological and economic importance, with microplastics causing harm to inhabiting flora and fauna. However, accurately measuring microplastic abundance, comparing findings, and determining potential impacts are difficult due to a lack of standardised sampling protocols. Therefore, a systematic literature review was completed to review currently adopted microplastic sampling methods in surface water and sediment in seagrass and mangrove ecosystems. These were compared with recommendations from existing governmental and institutional groups as a first step to standardising methods for future sampling procedures in seagrasses and mangroves.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda M Queiroz, Montcharles S Pontes, Marisa D Scherer, Daniela E Graciano, Anderson R L Caires, Samuel L Oliveira
{"title":"Root length as a bioindicator of pesticide concentration in irrigation water.","authors":"Amanda M Queiroz, Montcharles S Pontes, Marisa D Scherer, Daniela E Graciano, Anderson R L Caires, Samuel L Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35750-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35750-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overusing pesticides to increase crop productivity is a global problem that harms ecosystems and can adversely affect human health. Therefore, low-cost, simple, and easy-to-use pesticide biomonitoring methods are needed to assess the impact of these products on the environment. In this study, we employed the root development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) RR (Roundup® resistant) and sesbania (Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers) as bioindicators to evaluate the impact of irrigation water containing three distinct commercial pesticides (herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide). The hermetic response was observed for lower doses of methomyl. A significant reduction in root length was consistently observed in both soybean and sesbania plants when treated with glyphosate, difenoconazole, and methomyl. The dose-dependent change in root length suggests a straightforward alternative to monitoring pesticide levels in water-based solutions. Furthermore, the effects of these chemical agents on plants, even when present in low quantities, may clarify their implications for the environment and crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudir Gabriel Kaufmann Junior, Rubia Young Sun Zampiva, Annelise Koop Alves, Rafael Tronco, Marco Rossi, Carlos Perez Bergman, Leonardo Vidal Zancanaro, Sergio Roberto Mortari, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
{"title":"CNT@NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite for phenobarbital removal: adsorption study and characterization.","authors":"Claudir Gabriel Kaufmann Junior, Rubia Young Sun Zampiva, Annelise Koop Alves, Rafael Tronco, Marco Rossi, Carlos Perez Bergman, Leonardo Vidal Zancanaro, Sergio Roberto Mortari, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35730-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35730-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contamination of seas, rivers, lakes, and groundwater by industrial, hospital, and domestic effluents is a global health problem. Scientific approaches are needed to assess and mitigate the impacts of those pollutants, seeking more sustainable alternatives that meet established environmental standards. Among the various contaminants that are released into water sources, phenobarbital (PHEN), a long-acting barbiturate, applied as a hypnotic, sedative, and in the treatment of seizures is an aquatic pollutant, raises significant concerns for human health and the environment. Based on the high surface area of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the magnetic properties of nickel ferrite (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles, this work presents, for the first time, the application of CNT@NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on the adsorption of PHEN. The employing of CNT as a barbiturate adsorber was investigated, using NiFe<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles as a magnetic tool for recovering the nanocomposite from water. The PHEN adsorption study was performed in batch adsorption mode. Thermodynamic isotherms and kinect were performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Elovich diffusion models. CNT@NiFe2O4 showed an adsorption capacity of 76% for this drug, indicating it is a promising nanomaterial for removing PHEN from water.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clay minerals-mediated removal of Norfloxacin and Norfloxin-resistant bacteria from water environments and associated mechanisms.","authors":"Ningyu Sun, Huimin Wang, Xinbo Zhang, Zeyou Chen, Anping Peng","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35719-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35719-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norfloxacin (NOR) is frequently detected in various water bodies and has the potential to promote the proliferation of NOR-resistant bacteria/genes in the environment. Efficiently removing residual NOR and NOR-resistant bacteria from contaminated water is critical to mitigating their environmental risks. This study investigated the ability of two common clay minerals, kaolinite and montmorillonite, to remove NOR and NOR-resistant bacteria from five different water environments (ultrapure water, simulated and real freshwater, and simulated and real seawater) and explored the underlying removal mechanisms. The results showed that both clays adsorbed NOR according to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. In simulated and actual freshwater and seawater, the adsorption of NOR by kaolinite was 0.199, 0.120, 0.094, and 0.010 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, while montmorillonite adsorbed NOR at significantly higher levels, with values of 2.880, 2.208, 0.433, and 0.067 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The primary mechanisms of adsorption included electrostatic interactions, cation exchange, and cation bonding and bridging. In addition to NOR sorption, culture tests revealed that montmorillonite exhibited significant antibacterial activity against NOR-resistant bacteria, achieving an inhibition ratio of 83.84 ± 4.01% when the initial concentrations of bacteria and montmorillonite were 1.68 ± 1.00 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU·mL<sup>-1</sup> and 40 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Remarkably, montmorillonite maintained its high sorption capacity and antibacterial activity even after multiple reuse cycles. These findings highlight the promising application potential of montmorillonite, particularly in terms of its storage and long-distance distribution capabilities, making it an effective material for removing both NOR and NOR-resistant bacteria from the environment. However, it is important to note that under estuarine conditions, clay-bound NOR could be released if water quality changes. Therefore, we conclude that strategies to degrade and remove antibiotics adsorbed onto clay minerals should be developed to prevent the release of antibiotics when clay particles enter the ocean, thus avoiding further environmental contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative analysis of combustion and emission characteristics in RCCI engines using alcohol fuels with different carbon numbers.","authors":"Müjdat Fırat, Mutlu Okcu, Yasin Varol, Şehmus Altun","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35739-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35739-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol fuels with different carbon numbers such as propanol (C3), butanol (C4) and pentanol (C5) have lately become popular in both conventionally and RCCI-operated diesel engines thanks to their high cetane number (CN) and oxygen content along with lower latent heat of evaporation, which are useful for reducing the high CO/HC emissions, whereas RCCI mode still suffers from these emissions. Therefore, in this study, these three alcohol fuels with carbon numbers ranging from C3 to C5 were employed as low-reactivity fuel (LRF) in a single-cylinder RCCI engine under a constant engine speed of 2400 rpm and varying loadings (from 20 to 60% of full load at 20% intervals) and premixed ratios (from 0 to 60% with 15% intervals) when using B7 as high-reactivity fuel (HRF). In the experimental study, the effect of oxygen content, latent heat of evaporation, and cetane number which changes linearly with the carbon number of alcohols used, on exhaust emissions, were analyzed. When compared to conventional diesel mode (CDM), RCCI mode using alcohol fuels increased HC and CO emissions but decreased smoke opacity at a great level. The greatest reduction in both CO emissions and smoke opacity was recorded with the use of propanol which has the highest oxygen content, while pentanol with the lowest latent heat of evaporation had success in reducing HC emissions. In addition, NOx emissions were reduced by up to 60% when butanol was used as low-reactivity fuel. Ignition delay increased more during RCCI operation with propanol having an octane number of 118, whereas butanol and pentanol have 92 and 78, respectively. It was concluded that the properties of alcohol fuels such as the oxygen content and latent heat of evaporation had a significant effect on HC/CO emissions in RCCI engines.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Orantes, Minerva Gamboa, Emilio Arenas, Yazmín Sánchez, Yolanda Del Carmen Pérez, Sergio Gamboa
{"title":"Feasible cultivation of Verrucodesmus verrucosus on sterile raw wastewater for energy purposes: a case study in Mexico.","authors":"Paula Orantes, Minerva Gamboa, Emilio Arenas, Yazmín Sánchez, Yolanda Del Carmen Pérez, Sergio Gamboa","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35736-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35736-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, wastewater from a sewage treatment plant was used to culture the microalga, Verrucodesmus verrucosus. The ability of microalgae to adapt to adverse environments and produce high lipid concentrations was evaluated using different media, including sterile and non-sterile media and a control medium. The analysis showed that the control medium (distilled water sample enriched with fertilizer) removed 80.35% ammonium, 32.71% phosphate, and 83.86% nitrate. The sterile raw effluent removed 78.91% of ammonium, 83.44% of phosphate, and 98.82% of nitrate. The optimal conditions for biomass production were sterile raw wastewater, which produced 383.3 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of biomass, 2.5% of total lipids, and an average lipid production of 9.31 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Microalgae can grow and consume inorganic nutrients under adverse environmental conditions such as in raw wastewater, which is of great importance because it is a pollutant that negatively affects the environment and society. However, wastewater may represent a viable alternative substrate, allowing the generation of high-value products, such as lipids. Furthermore, the specificity of microalgal morphotypes must be evaluated, because each has specific metabolic plasticity. Verrucodesmus verrucosus is a microalga that has not been evaluated in bioremediation processes of wastewater with and without the presence of biotic factors. Therefore, the present study provides a viable alternative for this biological process, with the potential to store metabolites of interest in the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afef Sai, Sonia Ben Younes, Ali Ellafi, Amel Moula, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yañez, Mohamed Ali Borgi
{"title":"Exploration and impact of Metlaoui-Gafsa phosphate rock amendment: the role of Serratia plymuthica BMA1 in phosphate solubilization, heavy metal rhizoaccumulation, and enhanced nutrition in Vicia faba L.","authors":"Afef Sai, Sonia Ben Younes, Ali Ellafi, Amel Moula, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yañez, Mohamed Ali Borgi","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35604-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35604-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The geochemical analysis of Gafsa rock phosphate (GRP) revealed relatively high concentrations of essential plant minerals and trace heavy metals (HMs). Environmental contamination factors indicated moderate to very strong HM contamination due to GRP soil amendment. The potential use of the Serratia plymuthica BMA1 strain, which is known for its ability to solubilize GRP, to enhance mineral nutrition in Vicia faba L. and its role in HM rhizoaccumulation from GRP were explored. Pot experiments revealed that bacterization with S. plymuthica BMA1 in V. faba grown in sand supplemented with GRP as the sole source of phosphorus significantly increased the potassium concentration by 64% in roots and 40% in shoots, iron by 20% in roots and 10% in shoots, and manganese by 27% in roots and 20% in shoots compared to that in V. faba not inoculated with S. plymuthica BMA1. The total dry biomass of V. faba increased by approximately 85%, while the accumulation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in the roots increased by 114%, 30%, 37%, and 44%, respectively. However, in the shoots, they increased by 35%, 10%, 85%, and 25%, respectively, for Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb compared to those in the non-inoculated V. faba. The evaluation of the HM translocation factor, bioaccumulation factor, and bioconcentration factor with GRP highlighted the key role of S. plymuthica BMA1 in preventing the mobility of toxic HMs from reaching the aerial parts of plants. These findings suggest that S. plymuthica BMA1 has the potential to enhance mineral nutrition in V. faba and facilitate the rhizoaccumulation of toxic HMs, which has implications for plant cultivation and human consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reproductive performance of Channa striata in wetland ecosystems: a fuzzy logic approach to water quality and eco-climatic factors for long-term sustainable management and aquaculture advancement.","authors":"Taiba Akter Laboni, Halima Khatun, Mst Shahinur Khatun, Md Ashekur Rahman, Md Akhtarul Islam, Yeasmin Akter Ratry, Md Mahfuz Uddin, Md Sahadat Hossain, Md Yeamin Hossain","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35701-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35701-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The striped snakehead, Channa striata, is commercially and nutritionally important due to its medicinal properties, such as wound healing and antimicrobial abilities. This study investigated the reproductive biology of C. striata in relation to hydro-climatic changes using a fuzzy logic approach for long-term management in the wetland ecosystem (Gajner beel), Bangladesh. A total of 1200 C. striata individuals were collected monthly during January to December 2019 using various fishing methods. Measurements of total length (TL), body weight (BW), and gonad weight (GW) were taken with a precision of 0.01 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. The GSI (gonadosomatic index in %), MGSI (modified gonadosomatic index in %), and DI (Dobriyal index) were used to determine size at sexual maturity (L<sub>m</sub>) and the spawning season. Results revealed a wide range of TL, ranging from 12.7 to 46 cm. The L<sub>m</sub> was estimated between 21.7 and 25.33 cm based on various model as TL vs. GSI, MGSI, and DI; TL-fork length (FL) regressions; and maximum length (L<sub>max</sub>) for this species. The spawning period was observed from April to July, peaking in May, indicated by higher GSI, MGSI, and DI values. Eco-climatic factors showed a significant relationship with GSI, except for total dissolved solids (TDS). Rising temperatures and declining rainfall could delay spawning of C. striata. A fuzzy logic approach was employed to predict future GSI changes over extended periods (e.g., 50 or 60 years), enabling anticipation of shifts in the timing and duration of the spawning season. Finally, the findings of our research might be effective to carry out specific conservation efforts of C. striata in response to climate variability in sub-tropical water.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uziel Ortiz-Ramos, Esther Bailón-García, Agustín Francisco Pérez-Cadenas, Roberto Leyva-Ramos, Francisco Carrasco-Marín
{"title":"Synthesis of porous carbon xerogel adsorbents with tailored hierarchical porosity and morphology for the selective removal of sulfamethoxazole from water.","authors":"Uziel Ortiz-Ramos, Esther Bailón-García, Agustín Francisco Pérez-Cadenas, Roberto Leyva-Ramos, Francisco Carrasco-Marín","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35714-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35714-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, pellet-type carbon xerogel adsorbents (CXCs) were synthesized through sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) using Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (Cs) as a catalyst for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a hazardous water pollutant. The R/Cs ratio was varied at 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 (denoted CXCs100, CXCs500, CXCs1000, and CXCs2000), resulting in CXCs with a well-defined hierarchical porous structure composed of interconnected spherical particles. Increasing the R/Cs ratio led to larger spherical particle sizes, with pore diameters ranging from 60.7 to 126.6 nm, providing accessible and low flow resistance macroporosity. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved in the CXCs100 sample (87.8 mg/g), which decreased with increasing R/Cs ratios due to a reduction in total pore volume and meso and macropore areas, indicating that adsorption occurred in macropores and wide mesopores, driven by π-π dispersive interactions. CXCs500 emerged as the optimal adsorbent, with a favorable adsorption capacity (72.0 mg/g) and adequate rigidity (315.9 MPa) to prevent adsorbent breakdown. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH due to electrostatic interactions, and increased with temperature, indicating an endothermic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}