Environmental Science and Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Cumulative potential of Lactuca sativa L. and physiological and anatomical damage when exposed to lead.","authors":"Antonio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto, Tainara Bettiol Westin, Alexandra Dos Santos Ambrósio, João Vitor Barbosa Calvelli, Breno Régis Santos, Thiago Corrêa de Souza, Marília Carvalho, Sandro Barbosa","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36339-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36339-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lead on the cultivation of Lactuca sativa L. in a hydroponic system, elucidating the effects of lead on physiological processes, anatomy, and its bioaccumulation capacity. Lettuce plants were grown in a greenhouse under a hydroponic system containing lead nitrate (50, 100, 250, 500 μM), with Hoagland solution as a negative control, for a period of 42 to 70 days. Plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter, leaf area, chloroplastic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, anatomical parameters, and lead content were evaluated. The results demonstrated that growth parameters were affected according to lead concentration. The 500-μM concentration caused the greatest reduction in stem height (30.28%) and leaf area (88.07%). A significant decrease in the number of leaves, ranging from 20 to 90.47%, was observed at all concentrations on the 70th day. Chloroplastic pigment content was statistically reduced at all concentrations, reflecting a sharp decline of 58.82% in the photochemical quenching and 45.22% in the vitality index. The root morpho-anatomy was also altered, with the proportion of vascular bundle area decreasing by 43.50% and a 501.47% increase in aerenchyma formation. Lead accumulation in the roots was 21.54 times higher at the highest concentration compared to the lowest, highlighting the cumulative potential of this organ, while the metal was not detected in the aerial part, indicating the absence of translocation. Despite the negative effects on biomass and physiological parameters, Lactuca sativa L. demonstrated tolerance to lead and potential for rhizofiltration, making it a promising candidate for application in hydroponic systems aimed at treating contaminated wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching ways to safely dispose of stale monazite enrichment tailings.","authors":"Nikita Markin, Sergey Ivannikov, Evgenii Shamraj, Anna Matskevich, Eduard Tokar', Andrei Egorin, Larisa Zemskova","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36301-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36301-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Majority enterprises for the extraction of uranium and thorium-containing minerals have inherent problem of increased background radiation level at production sites, in particular, tailings dumps. The Baley town of Russian Federation is a typical example of an area with unfavorable radioecological indicators due to the activities of an enterprise for thorium-containing monazite extraction. Based on dosimetry and gamma spectrometry data the paper presents the results of an assessment of the current radiation situation at the enterprise's tailings dump including the results of field and laboratory cases. The composition of the samples was investigated by granulometric, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray phase analytical methods. Possible ways of tailings processing were considered. It was shown that using simple enrichment methods (sieving, magnetic, and gravitational separation), it is possible not only to reduce the radioactive waste volume by four to five times, but to obtain economic benefits by recovery concentrates of monazite, rutile, and ilmenite.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of resorcinol and oxidation of pineapple waste to improve the energy potential through microbial fuel cells.","authors":"Mohammed B Alshammari, Akil Ahmad, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Nur Faezah Binti Rosli","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36300-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36300-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising approach to remediate organic pollutants while generating energy. Despite significant advancements, generating electrons remains a major challenge for MFCs. This study addresses the electron production challenges in MFCs using pineapple waste as an organic substrate and resorcinol as a pollutant and carbon source. At a constant 1000 Ω external resistance, the maximum power density (PD) achieved was 2.69 mW/m². Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), indicated efficient oxidation and reduction of the substrate, with a specific capacitance of 1.36 × 10⁻⁷ F/g, suggesting gradual biofilm formation. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) findings confirmed efficient electron transport and resorcinol biodegradation reached 84.66%. Bacterial identification revealed that Proteus vulgaris, Hafnia alvei, and Yersinia enterocolitica significantly contributed to resorcinol degradation and energy generation. Optimal MFC operation was observed at pH 7 and temperatures of 25-30 °C. Overall, pineapple substrates, with their polysaccharide composition, maintained stability for 40 days. The study concludes by highlighting future challenges and potential improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and applications of a walk-in-type mud test house for radioactive gas studies.","authors":"Rajat Parkash, Manish Joshi, Rosaline Mishra, Sandeep Kanse, Neetika Chauhan, Rishi Pal Chauhan","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36305-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36305-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mud test house has been constructed at NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, for facilitating studies requiring controlled dispersion of radon/thoron gases and decay products at relatively higher concentration. This manuscript discusses the design specifications, characteristics, and the projected applications for this test house. With a total internal volume of 7.5 m³ appropriate for a walk-in configuration, it serves as a compact yet functional facility ensuring high and stable concentrations of radon/thoron gases while maintaining cost effectiveness and easy parametric control. Dry mud bricks have been used in the construction after ascertaining their higher radioactivity content and radon exhalation rate in comparison to other available options. In the closed configuration, test house can provide radon concentration up to ≈ 250 Bq m^-3 which is approximately 5 times higher than the ambient levels of the same location. This corresponds to maximum equivalent equilibrium radon concentration of 52 ± 1.45 Bq m^-3. Maximum thoron and equivalent equilibrium thoron concentration measured by passive technique at 71 ± 8 and 4 ± 1.70 Bq m^-3 respectively makes it suitable for thoron dynamic studies as well. The test house has been designed to manifest different levels of ventilation rate and aerosol concentration, tuned for different kinds of studies requiring diverse experimental conditions. Results of characterization experiments performed on radon/thoron gases and decay products as a function of a few chosen aerosol and ventilation rate characteristics have been presented in this work. Levels of parameters and their control make the test house a reliable and adaptable geometry, ideal for studying the dynamics of radon/thoron gas and decay products, serving as an experimental facility to validate theoretical estimates and acting as a calibration chamber.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Acute effects of air pollution on spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and stillbirth in Ahvaz, Iran: a time-series study.","authors":"Maryam Dastoorpoor, Esmaeil Idani, Gholamreza Goudarzi, Narges Khanjani","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36238-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36238-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of CaO-Fe₃O₄ composites for photocatalytic degradation and adsorption of synthetic dyes.","authors":"Odín Reyes-Vallejo, Rocío Magdalena Sánchez-Albores, José Escorcia-García, Abumale Cruz-Salomón, Pascual Bartolo-Pérez, Ashok Adhikari, Maritza Del Carmen Hernández-Cruz, Héctor Hiram Torres-Ventura, Héctor Armando Esquinca-Avilés","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36310-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36310-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The efficient removal of synthetic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), continues to pose a significant challenge due to their high stability, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. In this study, CaO-Fe₃O₄ compounds were synthesized using a sustainable ball-milling technique, utilizing calcium oxide derived from eggshells and Fe₃O₄. The compounds were calcined at temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C to optimize their structural and photocatalytic properties. The sample calcined at 400 °C exhibited the highest surface area (17.86 m²/g), the narrowest bandgap (2.10 eV), and the coexistence of CaO, Ca(OH)₂, and γ-Fe₂O₃ phases, making it an ideal candidate for achieving high dye removal efficiency. Under visible light, this sample completely degraded MB at 10 ppm within 30 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant (kₐₚₚ) of 0.110 min^-1 and a half-life (t₁_/₂) of 6.30 min. At an MB concentration of 50 ppm, complete degradation was achieved in 90 min. Radical scavenging experiments indicated that superoxide radicals (·O₂^-) played a key role in the degradation mechanism. For MG (100 ppm), the maximum adsorption capacity (qₑ) was 1111.11 mg/g, fitting the Langmuir model (R² = 0.996) with an equilibrium constant (K_L) of 0.6822 L/mg, indicating a highly favorable process. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² ≈ 0.999), suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that MG adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with negative Gibbs free energy, positive enthalpy, and increased entropy. This study proposes an eco-friendly and efficient approach for dye removal, integrating waste valorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the water quality indices, geographical information system, and advanced decision-making techniques to assess the suitability of surface water for drinking purposes in Brahmani River Basin (BRB), Odisha.","authors":"Abhijeet Das","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36329-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36329-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Surface water is used for a variety of purposes, including agriculture, drinking water, and other services. Therefore, its quality is crucial for irrigation, human welfare, and health. Thus, the main objective is to improve surface water quality assessment and geochemical analysis to evaluate anthropogenic activities' impact on surface water quality in the Brahmani Watershed, Odisha. In the present paper, emerging techniques such as CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), Weighted Aggregated Sum-Product Assessment (WASPAS), SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanation), and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used to locate the origins of pollution in the surface water. The 5-year (2018-2023) database was created by analysing samples that varied geographically over seven sampling locations. The dataset was categorized according to its intended usage. The study employed Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) tool, to forecast quantities and their geographical arrangement. The water temperature detected at several locations along the river revealed minor variations. The pH variations indicate that the surface water in the studied area is alkaline. Notably, the water's lowest temperature ever recorded was 25.72 °C, at Q-(1). In addition, sufficient DO concentrations are monitored to ensure optimal water quality. The major parts of the study area were found to be majorly affected with high concentrations of PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3-&lt;/sup&gt;, EC, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, and SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;. To determine the degree of contamination, a basic standard reference is necessary to interpret the values, which range from the anthropogenic to the natural contribution. The statistical results reveal the dominant decreasing order amongst the cations, such as: Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;  &gt; Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;  &gt; Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;  &gt; K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and in anions, namely, SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; F&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3-&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. It displays seasonal variations in dissolved and specific phase metal fractions that are not statistically significant at any of the seven sites. Proceeding further, the water quality index showed that the four samples fall in the poor water quality class, whereas the rest, 3 samples, were of good water quality. The surface water is contaminated and negatively affected due to percolation of ions from landfill leachate as per the data of C-WQI. Based on ARAS and WASPAS, Q-(1) and Q-(2) were mainly not fit for consumption. Meanwhile, the SHAP-WQI showed an increase in the number of samples (71.43%) with unsuitable quality for drinking. This emphasizes on the importance of weathering, dissolution, terrigenous, leaching, ion exchange, lithological and evaporation as the primary processes. Human influences were the secondary factors. Overall, the findings indicate that the study area's surface water is safe to drink, w","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethal and sublethal toxicity of ytterbium in rainbow trout juveniles.","authors":"Joëlle Auclair, Eva Roubeau-Dumont, Chantale André, François Gagné","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36315-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36315-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heavy rare earth element ytterbium (Yb) is a critical element of technology finding its way into urban wastewaters from solid waste disposal sites. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of Yb to rainbow trout juveniles. They were exposed to increasing concentrations of Yb³⁺ (0.06-40 mg/L) for 96 h at 15 °C. Mortality was recorded, and in the surviving fish, the following biomarkers were determined: protein aggregation, thioneins, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage in gills and the liver. The 96-h lethal concentration (LC50) was 2.7 ± 0.66 mg/L indicating that this element is toxic to fish. Biomarker responses to Yb occurred at concentration 45 times less than the LC50 in some cases. The following biomarkers were positively (p < 0.05) correlated to fish survival: liver thioneins, gill DNA strand breaks, LPO, and protein aggregation in the liver. The decrease in LPO in the liver and gills by Yb suggests reduced production of reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, Yb is toxic to trout juveniles producing sublethal effects at concentrations range of 60 µg/L after 96 h. This concentration represents an upper limit for consideration for aquatic animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf-mediated graphitic carbon nitride and ZnO/GCN nanohybrid: a sustainable approach for environmental applications.","authors":"Priyanka Panchal, Protima Rauwel, Sandeep Sharma, Satya Pal Nehra, Elias Estephan, Kristi Praakle, Erwan Rauwel","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36299-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36299-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water contamination is a real concern, and safe water demand increases with the growing world population. The development of eco-friendly and cost-effective technologies that can clean water is necessary. This study investigates the bio-synthesis of pure graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles (GCN-NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and ZnO-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanohybrids (ZnO/GCN-NHs) using Ocimum tenuiflorum (OT) leaf extract, with a focus on their potential applications in wastewater treatment, cytotoxicity assessment, and antibacterial activity. GCN synthesis using plant extract was never reported in previous studies. Under direct solar light photocatalytic performance of the synthesized NPs and NHs was tested on the degradation of methylene orange (MO) dye and compared. Among the samples, the ZnO/GCN-NHs (10 mg/100 mL) exhibits good photocatalytic activity, achieving up to 47.56% degradation in 150 min of MO dye. The cytotoxicity of the bio-synthesized NPs and NHs 50 µg/mL concentration was assessed against human dental pulp stem cells and these were found to be non-toxic, indicating their potential for biomedical applications. The antimicrobial properties were also assessed using well diffusion and disc diffusion tests against four bacterial strains, i.e., two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae). The tests demonstrate significant antibacterial activity with an excellent inhibition radius against Escherichia coli 17.5 ± 1 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.04 ± 1 mm, Staphylococcus aureus 27.5 ± 1 mm, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae 25 ± 1 mm. The enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of the ZnO/GCN-NHs are hypothesized to be due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the combination of ZnO-NPs with biosynthesized GCN.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants: insights from an Arabian Peninsula nation.","authors":"Ali Alfarsi, Anupama Kumar, Abbasher M Gismelseed, Ahlam Al Azkawi, Marwa Al Mahdouri, Fadhila N Al Mabsali, Sathish Babu, Yaqoob Al Harthy, Muna Al Hosni, Dayanthi Nugegoda","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36287-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36287-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing introduction of pharmaceutical compounds into waterways is a contemporary environmental issue in the Middle East and North Africa. This escalating problem necessitates a careful examination of the risks associated with the presence of pharmaceuticals in water sources. The present study analysed samples from eight wastewater treatment plants in an Arabian Peninsula nation. Sixty-nine percent of pharmaceuticals were partially or fully removed, while 31% showed higher effluent concentrations, indicating potential accumulation post-treatment. The highest detected pharmaceuticals were paracetamol (1300 ± 8 ng/L), metformin (1100 ± 70 ng/L) in effluent, and mefenamic acid (630 ± 3 ng/L), captopril (560 ± 11 ng/L), and amitriptyline (510 ± 1 ng/L) in influents. For radiopharmaceuticals, influent activity exceeded that in effluents, with Ga-67 being the most prominent (influent, 0.28 ± 0.07 Bq/L; effluent, 0.22 ± 0.02 Bq/L). Sludge samples showed higher radioactivity levels than wastewater samples, primarily from I-131 at 5 ± 2 Bq/kg. The data obtained from this study will enable the assessment of potential hazards posed by pharmaceutical mixtures in the receiving environment in a hitherto less studied region.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}