Environmental Science and Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"A systematic map of syntheses on anthropogenic noise impacts on wildlife: evidence gaps, policy attention, and quality appraisal.","authors":"Anna Lenz, Ayumi Mizuno, Erick Lundgren, Kyle Morrison, Santiago Ortega, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38268-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38268-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As systematic reviews on the effects of anthropogenic noise on wildlife increasingly inform policy, a critical evaluation of this secondary evidence is essential. We assessed the scope, quality, and policy attention of existing syntheses in this field. Following a preregistered protocol, we conducted a systematic search in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, identifying 50 syntheses (systematic reviews, maps, and meta-analyses). We included all 50 syntheses in the systematic map, critical appraisal, and policy-attention analysis, and found that 23 had received policy citations. We included 47 syntheses in the bibliometric analysis. Syntheses were published between 2008 and 2025, with a focus on behavioural, physiological, and communication outcomes in wildlife. Most examined transportation and energy-related noise and reviewed evidence from marine, followed by terrestrial ecosystems. We found critical gaps in taxonomic coverage, with notable underrepresentation of invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles. Most syntheses were led by researchers from the UK, Canada, and the USA, with limited participation from non-English-speaking countries. Almost half were cited in policy documents, mainly government and regulatory submissions. Syntheses on marine environments received the most policy citations, while those on urban noise received the least. There was no significant difference in quality scores between policy-cited and non-cited syntheses, and most were rated low due to methodological and reporting shortcomings. Our findings highlight the need to fill synthesis gaps and improve methodological transparency to strengthen the evidence base for policy decisions on anthropogenic noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of groundwater resource vulnerability at a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site based on geoelectrical and hydrochemical techniques.","authors":"Kehinde Ishola, Olawale Olatinsu, Olufunmilayo Omotola, Idris Olasupo, Amidu Ige-Adeyeye, Ibrahim Adeosun","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38369-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38369-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A site investigation carried out within the Baruwa community, Lagos, Nigeria, with the aim of mapping and evaluating hydrocarbon leakages from vandalised buried pipelines contaminating soil/groundwater. Six 2-D electrical resistivity imaging and 30 vertical electrical soundings (VES) measurements were carried out, on the survey lines. Water samples from hand-dug wells and boreholes were collected for the physico-chemical analysis. The total computed longitudinal conductance was used to determine the aquifer protective capacity rating while the geoelectrical resistivity constrained with borehole logs delineated four geoelectric layers: topsoil (lateritic), sandy clay, clayey sand, and sand. For the sampled water from the observed wells, the results of the physico-chemical analysis revealed that BH-1 to BH-7, the pH, chloride (Cl^-), BOD, TSS, and heavy metals values are higher than a maximum acceptable limit of NESREA (2009). The implication of these values is that the aquifer systems could have been contaminated with hydrocarbons. On the contrary, the results from the control boreholes, BH-8 and BH-9, are well below the acceptable limits. The overburden protective capacity evaluated revealed that the geologic units overlying the aquifer units are less effective in their capability to safeguard the aquifer systems. The aquifer protective capacity ranges from poor, weak, to moderate across the study area. The correlation matrix values of greater than 0.6 indicated strong positive linear relationships for some of the water quality variables compared. Hence, this confirms the community's growing concern as regards groundwater contamination status resulting from hydrocarbon leaks caused by ruptured and vandalised pipelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AI-powered smart municipal waste management from the viewpoints of environmental, social, and governance.","authors":"Moein Khazaei, Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, Hamidreza Hasanzadeh, Fatemeh Gholian-Jouybari, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38347-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38347-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mexico City Metropolitan Area faces a significant waste management challenge due to its large population and daily waste production. In addition to this challenge, rapid population growth has increased the demand for effective waste management. To address these issues, artificial intelligence and smart technologies must be integrated. This research aims to identify the risks that may arise from implementing smart municipal waste management (SMWM) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems and determine how to address these risks. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, we used critical systems heuristics (CSH) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to uncover hidden gaps, ideal scenarios, required technologies, and associated risks. Based on intensity and probability scores, we distributed questionnaires to stakeholders to assess their interests in these risks. We conducted interviews and focus groups to analyze these risks as part of our discussion. Our findings revealed various technologies, such as Waste Sorting Robots, Smart Waste Bins, Waste-to-Energy, Blockchain for Tracking, Internet of Things, Predictive Analytics, Drones for Monitoring, Composting Technologies, Plasma Gasification, and Advanced Recycling Systems. Various environment, social, governance (ESG) risks are associated with these technologies, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and insufficient sorting. Our response strategies are proposed to mitigate these risks, including contingency plans, data security, resource efficiency, stakeholder engagement, skill development, ethical standards, and vendor diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organomineral fertilization with sewage sludge on the production and nutrient accumulation in Urochloa brizantha cv. Paiaguás.","authors":"Silvana Ferreira Bicalho, Lucas Barbosa Viana, Rodinei Facco Pegoraro, Maria Nilfa Almeida Neta, Aline Martins Ferreira Barroso, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos, Fernando Colen","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38366-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38366-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of sewage-sludge-based organomineral fertilizers, produced using different technologies, as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilization for biomass production and nutrient accumulation in Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás. The experiment was conducted for 120 days in a greenhouse under a randomized block design with four replicates. Treatments included mineral fertilizer (NPK), granulated biochar (GB), powdered biochar (PB), granulated composted sludge (GS), powdered composted sludge (PS), and a control (Test) without fertilization. After 120 days, granulated biochar and mineral fertilizer promoted the highest dry matter production and Mg and Ca accumulation in the uniformity cut. The unfertilized treatment did not reach 40 cm in height and therefore did not allow biomass harvesting. The granulated biochar increased P accumulation in shoots by 49% (1.48 mg plant^-1) compared with mineral fertilizer. Root dry weight ranged from 8.28 to 13.42 g plant^-1 across the fertilized treatments; no significant differences were observed between organomineral and mineral fertilizers. The GB treatment showed a total P accumulation of 5.92 mg plant^-1, close to NPK (6.20 mg plant^-1) and 37.8% higher than the average of the other organomineral fertilizers. Furthermore, the GB and NPK treatments exhibited the highest total accumulations of N (62.90 and 70.56 mg plant^-1), Mg (21.22 and 21.01 mg plant^-1), and S (29.38 and 38.75 mg plant^-1). GB fertilization increased CEC compared to mineral fertilization (NPK) and the control treatment, although the highest values were observed in the sludge-based organomineral treatments (GS and PS). These changes, linked to increased organic matter, helped reduce potential acidity and aluminum toxicity, thereby improving nutrient availability and plant uptake. Overall, the granulated sewage-sludge biochar outperformed the other organomineral formulations and represents a promising and sustainable strategy to enhance U. brizantha productivity and improve the fertility of tropical soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weathering continuum in an aged taiga peatland oil spill.","authors":"Efim S Brodsky, Anastasia D Kudryavtseva, Andrey A Schelepchikov, Sergey Ya Trofimov, Ruslan R Kinzhaev, Nikolay A Avetov, Ekaterina A Shishkonakova, Anna V Arzamazova","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38371-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38371-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accidental oil spills in cold-region peatlands can result in long-term contamination, as low temperatures and waterlogged conditions may influence the rates and relative contributions of oil weathering processes. However, the progression and characteristics of oil weathering at aged oil spill sites in peatlands remain insufficiently characterized. To characterize the features and intensity of weathering processes, peat soil samples from an aged oil spill site in the taiga zone of Western Siberia were investigated using GC/MS. An approach combining mass chromatogram fingerprinting, n-alkane distribution and cross-plots of individual and integral parameters such as average number of C atoms, the decrease in the relative intensity of resolved peaks compared to the unresolved complex mixture, the (n-C₁₇ + n-C₁₈)/(Pr + Ph) ratio, and changes in alkylbenzenes ratio was applied. This approach allowed to assess the degree, timing, and dominant mechanisms of oil weathering in soils, highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive analysis including integral parameters. Presence of different stages of weathering within a single spill site was revealed, from evaporation-dominated to advanced biodegradation, with indications of multiple biodegradation-related trends. Variations among samples, including deviations from general trends, indicate a strong influence of local environmental conditions on the evolution of oil contamination in cold-region soils. These findings contribute to a better understanding of oil transformation under cold-climate conditions and provide a framework for assessing the degree and characteristics of oil weathering and interpreting the weathering history of oil spills, which may support their assessment, management, and remediation in cold-region peatland environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in bio-asphalt binders: production, physico-chemical characterization, optimization, performance, and sustainability perspectives.","authors":"Bhaswati Bora, Augusto Cannone Falchetto","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38353-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38353-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bio-asphalt binders are rapidly emerging as sustainable alternatives to conventional petroleum-based asphalt in flexible pavements. Derived from biomass through processes such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction, bio-asphalts can function as replacements, modifiers, or rejuvenators for aged asphalt. Their performance depends heavily on source material, production conditions, and chemical modification. While bio-asphalts offer environmental advantages, such as reducing emissions by up to 50%, they also present challenges, including lower thermal stability and reduced moisture resistance. This review highlights thermochemical conversion pathways, chemical interactions, molecular dynamics simulations, and optimization strategies to enhance the performance of bio-asphalt. Findings emphasize the importance of tailored modification techniques, such as catalyst-assisted hydrothermal liquefaction or heat pretreatment, to improve compatibility and durability. Optimization methods, such as orthogonal design and fatty acid profiling via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, have shown promise in guiding material formulation and predicting low-temperature behavior. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning models for performance prediction, along with life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis, demonstrates the environmental and economic viability of bio-asphalt. Overall, advancing bio-asphalt technology requires a comprehensive understanding of production parameters, chemical structure, and performance behavior to support circular economy goals and sustainable pavement design.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid ANN-metaheuristic models for EWQI prediction and hydrochemical assessment in drinking water distribution systems.","authors":"Saurabh Kumar, Amit Kumar, Divesh Ranjan Kumar, Warit Wipulanusat","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38368-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38368-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate water quality estimation is critical for ensuring safe drinking water. To address this, the water distribution network of an urban campus supply system was monitored over a continuous 315-day campaign, from which 165 water samples were collected and analyzed. This study presents a hybrid machine learning (ML) approach that integrates a feedforward, fully connected, three-layer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) with ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) to compute the entropy-based water quality index (EWQI). This study improves predictive accuracy by combining laboratory analysis with advanced ML techniques. The findings indicate that 4.8% of the samples fall within the \"excellent\" category, whereas 95.2% are classified as \"good.\" Occasionally, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, calcium hardness, and total hardness exceed the limits of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), making the water slightly to moderately hard. This denotes the dominance of carbonate mineral dissolution and geogenic contributions to water hardness. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified geogenic and anthropogenic sources influencing the hydrochemical characteristics of the water distribution system. ANN-TLBO attained R² = 0.998 for both training and testing, and ANN-ICA attained R² = 0.999 (training) and 0.997 (testing); the corresponding RMSE values were 0.013/0.012 and 0.011/0.015 on the normalized scale. ANN-TLBO and ANN-ICA demonstrate high predictive accuracy in modeling hydrochemical variations reflected in EWQI. Taylor diagrams, comprehensive measures (COMs), and rank analyses confirm that ANN-TLBO and ANN-ICA provide more stable and accurate predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal catalyst-free saponification of post-consumer colorless PET: response surface methodology approach.","authors":"Methus Suwannaruang, Papol Pimsri, Kitthipong Chothikarn, Tinnakorn Kumsaen, Pakawadee Kaewkannetra, Kitirote Wantala","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38365-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38365-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrothermal catalyst-free alkaline hydrolysis of post-consumer colorless polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated using response surface methodology based on a three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Reaction temperature (135-155 °C), reaction time (2-4 h), and NaOH concentration (2-4 M) were varied in 15 experimental runs, and PET degradation and gravimetric terephthalic acid (TPA) recovery were quantified. PET degradation ranged from 77.98 to 100.00%, while TPA recovery ranged from 68.72 to 91.41%. A maximum PET degradation of 100.00% was observed at 145 °C, 3 h, and 3 M NaOH, whereas the maximum TPA recovery of 91.41% was obtained at 155 °C, 3 h, and 2 M NaOH. Within the fitted PET degradation model, reaction temperature and the temperature-NaOH concentration interaction were statistically significant individual terms; however, the overall PET degradation model was not statistically significant (P = 0.108). The TPA recovery model was also not statistically significant (P = 0.521), indicating limited predictive capability. A selected compromise condition of 155 °C, 3.5 h, and 2 M NaOH was experimentally evaluated in triplicate, yielding complete PET degradation and 86.11 ± 2.45% TPA recovery. An exploratory particle-size assessment showed complete PET degradation for the tested dimensions of 0.5-2.0 cm under this condition. XRD and FTIR supported the identification of the recovered crystalline products as TPA, although quantitative chemical purity was not determined. These findings demonstrate the laboratory-scale feasibility of catalyst-free hydrothermal alkaline hydrolysis of cleaned colorless post-consumer PET within the investigated operating conditions, while identifying limitations in statistical prediction, complete mass balance, product-purity assessment, and scale-up evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil using potassium ferrate as a new oxidizing agent: process optimization and benchmarking.","authors":"Federica De Marines, Marco Capodici, Frederic Coulon, Gaetano Di Bella, Enrico Licitra, Daniele Di Trapani","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38345-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38345-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the performance of ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) as advanced oxidant for the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils, with a particular focus on the role of surfactant addition, dosing strategy, and natural organic matter (NOM) content. Using a slurry-phase approach in a jar test system, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency of Fe(VI) was evaluated under different conditions, including simultaneous and delayed dosing relative to the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The results demonstrate that delayed Fe(VI) addition, 24 hours after SDBS pre-treatment, resulted in significant increase in TPH removal, ranging from 80% to 90% in Phase 1 and always higher than 90% in Phase 2, regardless of oxidant or surfactant concentration. In contrast, simultaneous dosing achieved a maximum of 83% removal, indicating less efficient oxidant utilisation (Phase 1). The study also reveals that even in the absence of surfactant, Fe(VI) maintained high removal performance, suggesting a potential activation by NOM-derived ligands such as humic and fulvic acids. A comparative assessment with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), a conventional oxidant, showed a markedly lower removal capacity, with TPH reductions ≤ 69%. These findings confirm the superior TPH removal of Fe(VI); this result may be related to NOM-induced formation of Fe(V)/Fe(IV); however, this hypothesis might be confirmed in future dedicated studies. Overall, this study provides new evidence into the mechanistic advantages of Fe(VI) in soil remediation and highlights the importance of dosing strategy and soil chemistry in maximising treatment efficiency. The study further contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) process, by reducing reliance on synthetic additives and mitigating environmental toxicity in post-treatment soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular nutrient recovery and biomass valorization through an integrated castor plant-based constructed wetland system-treating rice mill effluent.","authors":"Sathya Ramalingam, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38325-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38325-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructed wetlands primarily focus on wastewater treatment, with limited emphasis on downstream biomass utilization and resource recovery. This study reveals a novel integrated castor plant (Ricinus communis)-based constructed wetland system that simultaneously combines rice mill wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery, biodiesel feedstock production, eri-culture integration, and compost generation within a single circular bioresource management framework. A pilot-scale wetland (50 m²) was operated under continuous flow conditions for 90 days to evaluate treatment efficiency and biomass valorization potential. The system achieved maximum removal efficiencies of 89.3% for biological oxygen demand (BOD), 86.8% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 90.7% for total suspended solids (TSS), demonstrating effective pollutant removal and nutrient sequestration. Harvested castor biomass was subsequently utilized for biodiesel production, while de-oiled castor cake and eri-frass generated through eri-culture were recovered and transformed into nutrient-rich compost. The resulting compost contained 22.5% organic carbon, 1.35% nitrogen, 0.80% phosphorus, and 1.10% potassium, with a stable C/N ratio of 16.07. The novelty of this study lies in establishing a closed-loop pathway that converts wastewater-derived nutrients into multiple value-added products, thereby integrating wastewater treatment, biomass valorization, nutrient recycling, and circular bioeconomy principles within a single sustainable system.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}