Environmental Science and Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of microplastics in bottled water from Croatia: a Raman spectroscopy approach.","authors":"Ana Medić, Heidelore Fiedler, TamilSelvi Selvam, Vlasta Mohaček Grošev, Sandy Lovković, Lara Mikac, Mile Ivanda","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36457-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36457-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in bottled water is still largely unexplored in Croatia. This study fills this gap by analysing six water brands available on the Croatian market, all bottled in either virgin or recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In order to analyse microplastics down to a size of 1 µm, the water from the purchased bottles was filtered with silicon filters with a pore size of 1 µm and then micro-Raman spectroscopy was performed. A significant reduction in analysis time was achieved by using a randomly selected filter area of 12.05 mm² instead of the conventional 100 mm². The results showed that polyethylene (PE), PET, and polyamide (PA) were found in all six brands and the blank. The highest detection frequency was found for PE (N = 19), followed by PET (N = 17) and PA (N = 14). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was found only in one brand, but in all three subsamples, packaged in recycled PET. By far the highest detection frequency of MPs occurred in the smallest fraction at a length < 5 µm. The highest number of MPs was for PET with 45% of the total amount, followed by PE (37%). Although MPs were identified in the blank water sample, the number was 12% of the total. Interestingly, the bottled water in virgin PET containers had more MPs than that in recycled PET. It should be noted that the purification system used to produce ultrapure water produced MPs, which poses an additional analytical challenge. The results should be considered as a snapshot and further monitoring is necessary to assess the extent of MP contamination of drinking water and to characterise the types of polymers and sources of the MPs. The current findings raise concerns about the presence of MPs in bottled water and warrant a thorough risk assessment to evaluate potential long-term health effects on humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of response surface methodology on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel, pentanol, and biogas.","authors":"Savez Isa, Ravindra Mohan, Jagdish Kumar, Geetesh Goga, Subhendu Chakroborty, Anil Singh Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36505-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36505-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current investigation's objective is to compare various pentanol/biogas/diesel fuel mixes' performance and exhaust parameters in a dual fuel engine. The varied flow rates of gaseous fuel (10, 20, and 30 L per minute) and pentanol fractions (10, 15, and 20%) in conventional diesel at various engine loads (20, 60, and 100%) were studied. Response surface approach was used to assess the researched variables in order to get the best model. The entire range of the proposed multivariate models was statistically significant in the current analysis, demonstrating the great accuracy of the models. Additionally, the values of the independent parameters were defined using the desirability technique to get the highest performance and the lowest engine-out emissions. As per the modeling results, the ideal operation condition was found at an engine load of 83%, a pentanol ratio of 10%, and a biogas flow rate of 30 L per minute. In particular, the use of biogas instead of fossil fuels is valuable both economically and in terms of climate studies. The projected values for the relevant reaction parameters at the recommended point were 22% brake thermal efficiency, 56 ppm unburned hydrocarbon emissions, 0.09% carbon monoxide emissions, 102 ppm nitrogen oxides emissions, and 24% emitted smoke. The response surface approach might be utilized to properly model and optimize a diesel engine that runs on a ternary mix, as demonstrated by the high desirability of 0.74 for derived models. The fuel used can be utilized to minimize the pollution coming out of tailpipe of diesel engines and also helps in enhancing the performance of the engine as compared to natural diesel.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the surface water quality after the rupture of an iron mining tailings.","authors":"Marys Lene Braga Almeida, Rafael Silva Souza, Bruna Nitzsche Morato, Bárbara Fernanda de Melo Jardim, Maria Clara Barbosa, Ana Júlia Silva Macedo, Veber Afonso Figueiredo Costa, Marcelo Libânio","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36437-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36437-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to assess whether the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam still impacts the surface water quality of the Doce River in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). The records of 15 water quality parameters were evaluated, comparing data from before and after the accident. Nine sampling points were selected, six of which corresponded to water intakes for the water supply systems. The records showed that after the collapse of the Fundão Dam, there was an increase in the percentage of non-conforming values for dissolved Fe, dissolved Al, true color, turbidity, and total suspended solids, but a reduction in total Mn and total Pb, based on the Normative Consideration COPAM/2008. The time series analysis showed no trends, with Levene's test indicating variance changes only for dissolved Fe, total dissolved solids, and dissolved Al. Mann-Whitney tests revealed no median changes in key parameters after the Fundão Dam collapse. For the seven trace metals evaluated (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni and Zn), the Mann-Whitney and Pettitt tests allow us to infer that there was a change in the median concentrations and an abrupt change in the data series after the dam rupture. It is not possible to associate any plausible cause for the changes observed in some tests and monitoring stations in the records prior to the accident. For records after the accident, the prospect of the Doce River's recovery still lacks greater statistical robustness, emphasizing the relevance of maintenance of water quality monitoring stations in the Doce River channel.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of total mercury (Hg) in soil, sediment, and tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and health risk assessment among residents of Kitwe mining area, Zambia.","authors":"Musonda Chisanga, Ethel M'kandawire, Kennedy Choongo, Gerald Kalunga, John Yabe","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36506-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36506-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal of global concern because of its persistence in the environment and its ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in ecosystems. Despite evidence of extensive environmental pollution in the Copperbelt Province, few studies have investigated Hg contamination in the Kafue River and its tributaries in Kitwe District, Zambia. Total Hg concentrations were determined in soil, sediments, and tilapia by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) from the mining areas and non-mining areas. There were significant differences in the population means for soil samples (Mean _(mining) = 1.066, Mean _(non-mining) = 0.041, p <math><mrow><mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) and sediment samples (Mean _(mining) = 1.304, Mean _(non-mining) = 0.034), p <math><mrow><mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) between mining and non-mining areas. There were also statistically significant differences in the population means for fish samples (Mean _(mining) = 0.015, Mean _(non-mining) = 0.007, p <math><mrow><mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></mrow> </math> ) between mining and non-mining areas. The levels of Hg in the soil and sediments from the mining area were higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) reference values of 0.3 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. There was a weak positive correlation between the size of the fish (length) and Hg accumulation in the Kitwe mining area (r = 0.232, P = 0.1166). The observed correlation between Hg accumulation and length of fish was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The EDI from the consumption of fish from the mining area was below the USEPA and WHO/FAO maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.1 µg/kg/day and 0.23 µg/kg, respectively. The THQ < 1 was also reported in the current study, suggesting that the exposure level may not cause adverse health effects during a lifetime in the human population. Although the EDI and THQ < 1 in the current study were below the USEPA and WHO/FAO maximum tolerable limit, the presence of Hg in fish in this area must be monitored due to its ability to bioaccumulate in large and predatory fish. The lower EDI value reported in the current study might be attributed to the smaller size of the tilapia fish specimens, resulting in low bioaccumulation of Hg. Since the Hg levels in sediments were above the USEPA limit, we recommend further studies on the bioavailability of Hg in humans and other fish species in the region, particularly carnivorous fish, due to Hg biomagnification to offer a clearer perspective on the environmental and health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental work of low-concentrated solar cell cooled by different configurations of heat spreader/phase change material/metal foam: energy, exergy, environmental, and economic assessment.","authors":"Ramadan Gad, Hatem Mahmoud, Hamdy Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36443-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36443-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in the cell temperature results in a decrease in both solar cell power and efficiency. The conversion efficiency of the panels decreases by 0.08% for every 1°C rise in its temperature. Therefore, this study experimentally investigates the effect of using a new composite passive cooling system of heat spreader (HS) of different configurations: dimple (DHS), flat plate (FHS), and trapezoidal (THS), with phase change materials (PCM) including and non-including metal foam (MF) for the thermal regulation of low concentrated solar cell (CPV) modules. The system's performance is evaluated based on energy, exergy, economic, and environmental approaches under constant solar irradiance levels of 2800 W/m². The findings reveal that utilizing PCM 26 with and without MF maximally reduces the cell temperature of the DHS cooling system by 55.6°C and 53.4°C, respectively, compared with natural PV cooling. The maximum electrical efficiency accounts for the DHS/MF-PCM 26 cooling system with 12.6%, while DHS/MF-PCM 29 archives a cell efficiency of 12.44%. PV-DHS/MF-PCM 29 system achieves the highest PCM and overall system exergy efficiencies of 5.43% and 18.76%, respectively. However, the PV-THS/MF-PCM 26 system achieves the minimum cost with a cost saving of 47.58% compared with the reference cell, while PV-DHS/MF-PCM 26 and PV-THS/MF-PCM 26 save 45.43% and 44.76%, respectively. The PV-DHS/MF-PCM 26 configuration is the most environmentally friendly option, with a carbon credit gain of 10.81$, compared with 10.58$ for MF-PCM 29. The results of the current study are compared with similar results from previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical characteristics and radionuclide dynamics in the Kyndygsky-1 thermal spring system, Western Transcaucasia.","authors":"Ekaterina Eremenko, Natalia Kuzmenkova, Vasily Lavrushin, Yulia Fuzeina, Roman Zhiba, Altyn Aidarkozhina, Alexander Ermakov, Roman Dbar","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36475-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36475-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water from four thermal springs in the Western Transcaucasia territory was studied. The main chemical parameters of the water, its isotopic, and gas composition were determined. It has been demonstrated that groundwater in mountainous regions, located between 1300 and 1750 m above sea level, exhibits characteristics of a classical nitrogen-methane therm. These characteristics are primarily attributed to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation. The results of the geomorphological mapping demonstrated not only the radiation and chemical impact of thermal sources on the environment but also changes in the terrain and the chemogenic morpholithogenesis. The distribution of radionuclides ^226,228Ra (and their decay products) and ¹³⁷Cs entering the river with thermal water was investigated in bottom sediments from a borehole located in close proximity to Kyndyg village and downstream of the Dabakuara River. It was determined that equilibrium between ²²⁶Ra and its daughter decay products is restored at a distance of approximately 300 m from the sources. Additionally, an elevated concentration of radon decay products was observed at a distance of approximately 100 m from the thermal source. The specific activity of radium and its decay products in bottom sediments exceed the intervention levels (the level of radiation factor above which certain protective measures should be taken) by a factor of 3.5 at the direct release site. However, radioactivity decreases very quickly due to sorption of nuclides on bottom sediment particles and the decay of radon progeny. The text continues with recommendations regarding the thermal waters safe use in a recreational context.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of Oreochromis mossambicus muscle tissue and the yield performance of Solanum tuberosum in a small-scale sandponics system.","authors":"Refilwe Lukhwareni, Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo, Uwineza Marie Clementine Nibamureke, Kgaohelo Moila, Nomhlekhabo Wendy Sekete, Godfrey Tshokolo Ndamane, Henry Akum Njom, Lucky Sithole, Michael Rudolph, Nomali Ziphorah Ngobese","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36495-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36495-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaponics, integrating hydroponics and aquaculture in a circular system, offers a promising approach to addressing food and nutrition security while promoting water conservation in South Africa. This technology is a sustainable means of food production that minimizes environmental waste by simultaneously cultivating plants and rearing fish. This study aimed to evaluate the histology of muscle tissue in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the performance of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) in a small-scale sandponics system. Two potato cultivars (Moonlight and Taurus) were planted in a system linked to a 1000-L water tank containing 25 sexually mature Mozambique tilapia from January to June 2023. Fish histology and potato yield performance were assessed to gauge the efficiency of the system and to generate baseline data for future studies. Results showed that tuber production in the sandponics system was comparable to field conditions, with the Moonlight cultivar yielding the heaviest tubers (293-307 g per plant) with a short-oval shape, demonstrating its superior adaptability to this system. Taurus yielded lighter tubers (139-168 g per plant) that were either round or short oval depending on the grow beds used for production. Fish histological analysis revealed a higher prevalence of muscle tissue alterations in the control group compared to the experimental group. However, both groups displayed a similar condition factor (p < 0.05), indicating good overall health. Despite the promising results, the significantly high levels (p < 0.05) of metal accumulation (As, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the fish were observed, raising concerns about their suitability for human consumption. This study demonstrates that sandponics systems can effectively support potato production with fish maintaining good general health. However, further investigation is needed to mitigate metal accumulation to ensure the safety of fish for consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition, insecticidal activity and non-target effects of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski essential oil against immature stages (egg, larvae and pupae) of dengue, filariasis, malaria vectors and four natural predators.","authors":"Jeyaraj Selvakumaran, Pathalam Ganesan, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36510-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36510-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vector control remains the most effective strategy for preventing serious diseases. The present research was undertaken to check the effectiveness of essential oil (EO) from Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito species. The EO was tested at concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μl/L. The oil demonstrated 85-100% ovicidal activity at 50 μl/L concentration against the eggs of all three species within 24 h; it was similar to that of temephos the positive control. It also showed strong larvicidal activity with LC₅₀ values of 51.66, 129.58 and 25.88 μl/L within 24 h against the larvae of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex species respectively. However, no significant pupicidal activity was observed in any of the mosquito vectors. GC-MS analysis identified ten compounds, with terpene compound α-Pinene (84.57%) as the primary component; this compound may contribute significantly to the observed activity. Toxicity studies revealed that the EO from S. trilobata had no adverse effects on the tested natural predators. The EO was formulated for field application and tested in a laboratory setting; it showed potential larvicidal and ovicidal activities without harming natural predators. Future research should prioritize isolating these compounds, investigating their mode of action and evaluating field applications to develop a viable mosquito control product derived from S. trilobata. The present study reports that EO from S. trilobata is a potent and safe insecticidal agent against the three tested mosquito vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining clustering and ensemble learning for groundwater quality monitoring: a data-driven framework for sustainable water management.","authors":"Harjot Kaur, Babankumar S Bansod, Parth Khungar, Chirag Dhawan","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36477-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36477-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This groundwater quality assessment study for the state of Punjab, India, utilized six Water Quality Index (WQI) models, i.e., NSF-AM, NSF-GM, CCME, Horton, West Java, and GPI for potability assessment via machine learning (ML) classifiers. The results of the study manifested poor groundwater quality in many regions of the state that fall below potability standards (WHO and BIS). CCME WQI classified the state's groundwater as poor to marginal, rendering it unsuitable for human consumption. The disparities observed among WQI models highlighted differences in parameter selection, weight assignment, and aggregation techniques, emphasizing the need for a customized WQI framework for the Indian subcontinent for more accurate and robust groundwater quality assessment. K-means clustering, employed as a preprocessing step for improving classification accuracy, grouped data into two distinct clusters (validated by silhouette scores = 0.927 and Calinski-Harabasz index = 129.21), revealing contamination sources' patterns, feature refinement, and enhancement. Further, application and performance analysis of ML classifiers integrated with K-means clustering analysis identified Ensemble Hard Voting (EHV) and Ensemble Soft Voting (ESV) as top performers for groundwater quality classification. The GPI WQI combined with ESV achieved Accuracy = 99.13%, Precision = 100%, Recall = 99.03%, F1-score = 99.51%, Specificity = 100%, MCC = 0.95, Log Loss = 0.11, and AUC = 100% while maintaining moderate model and computational complexity (t_predict = 0.0095 s), underscores the efficiency and suitability of GPI and ESV blend for real-time water quality monitoring systems. The presented data-driven holistic framework highlights the capability of ML-driven groundwater assessment as a decision-support tool for resource-constrained regions, facilitating policy interventions and promoting sustainable water management practices by leveraging its accurate classification and real-time assessment capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical residues and chemicals in landfill leachate from a sanitary landfill in Malaysia: non-target analysis and records of health and environmental hazards.","authors":"Binaya Sapkota, Agamutu Pariatamby","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36496-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36496-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) and pharmaceutical chemicals (PCs) have been detected in landfill leachate though landfill sites have no direct role in managing pharmaceutical wastes. However, their detailed exploration is still challenging in leachate samples due to their vast array of metabolites and complex interactions. The present study is aimed to perform a non-target analysis of PRs and PCs in leachate from a sanitary landfill in Malaysia. Cross-sectional study of total 28 samples was conducted at Jeram Sanitary Landfill at Selangor, Malaysia, from July 2023 to October 2023. Grab sample of fresh untreated leachate was collected in a borosilicate glass bottle near leachate collection pond. The centrifuged supernatant liquid was analyzed with LCMS-QTOF system. The chromatographic profiles were analyzed based on mass data, and the compounds were annotated using METLIN database. A total of 7125 PRs and PCs were detected, out of which 1,288 were PRs (mean ± SD 46.00 ± 35.70) and 5837 were PCs (mean ± SD 208.46 ± 102.38). There were 1862 (25.6%) cases of health hazards, and 212 (3.0%) cases of environmental hazards caused by various PRs. Similarly, leachate was laden with various PCs that could cause 2417 (33.7%) cases of health hazards, and 312 (4.4%) cases of environmental hazards. These health hazards were caused by various mechanisms such as toxicity, hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity and other. Similarly, environmental hazards were mediated by ecotoxicity, persistence and biomagnification. The results showed the dire scenario of PRs and chemicals in leachate. This implies that urgent interventions be instituted in waste segregation and disposal of people and healthcare facilities to restrict entry of pharmaceutical products and chemicals into non-hazardous waste landfill without prior stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}