From batch to continuous in electrocoagulation: key parameters for efficient scaling in water treatment.

The increasing presence of recalcitrant compounds in water and wastewater, such as heavy metals, dyes, fluorides, and pharmaceuticals, challenges conventional treatment methods, which often exhibit low efficiency, high reagent consumption, or the generation of undesirable by-products. In this context, electrocoagulation emerges as a promising alternative, as it generates coagulants in situ, reduces the need for chemical additives, and demonstrates high efficiency in pollutant removal. The aim of this study was to identify the constructional and operational parameters that most influence the efficiency of transitioning from batch to continuous electrocoagulation systems. To achieve this, a scientometric review based on the PRISMA methodology was conducted, with a statistical analysis of 60 articles selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Results indicated that the most investigated pollutants were COD, turbidity, and apparent color, with aluminum and iron electrodes being predominant. Average removal efficiency was slightly higher in batch mode, but without a statistically significant difference compared to continuous mode (p > 0.05). Parameters such as initial pH and electrode spacing positively affected efficiency, while current density and electrode area showed a negative correlation. It is concluded that the transition from batch to continuous reactors is feasible, provided appropriate adjustments to operational and constructional parameters are made, offering practical guidance for industrial-scale applications.