Tara Suresh, William Raynor, Jordan D Deaner, Lejla Vajzovic, Frank Brodie
{"title":"Vitreous Sensing Vitrectomy.","authors":"Tara Suresh, William Raynor, Jordan D Deaner, Lejla Vajzovic, Frank Brodie","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000004457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adequately visualizing the vitreous at times during vitrectomy can be challenging for surgeons. We describe a novel technique using surgical data from the vitrectomy machine to differentiate between vitreous and balanced salt solution (BSS) in real time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vitrectomy was performed in ex vivo porcine eyes across a range of vacuum levels and across available vitrectors on the Alcon Constellation. These measurements were repeated after vitrectomy in BSS. All surgeries were recorded and masked reviewers extracted the flow rates for each data point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BSS flow rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) than vitreous flow rates except for 27-gauge at 20,000 cpm and 200 mmHg vacuum (P=0.093). As expected, higher cut rates, gauge, and vacuum corresponded to a higher flow rate. This allows clear differentiation between vitreous and BSS using flow rates as a guide.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inflow rate is a dynamic measurement through the Alcon Constellation System that can give immediate feedback to the surgeon on the substrate they are removing, improving surgical efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Popa, Abigail Winn, Thomas Masters, Ian Grover, Christopher Logue
{"title":"Numerous errors, inaccuracies, and poor methodology in the Kalaw et al. manuscript fail to support the claim that HBOT does not offer significant benefit in visual acuity among central retinal artery occlusion patients.","authors":"Daniel Popa, Abigail Winn, Thomas Masters, Ian Grover, Christopher Logue","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000004452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Meriam Aissani, Enrico Bernardi, Martin Zinkernagel, Rodrigo Anguita
{"title":"MACULA EDEMA AND SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE: CLINICAL FEATURES, PREDICTIVE FACTORS, AND TREATMENT.","authors":"Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Meriam Aissani, Enrico Bernardi, Martin Zinkernagel, Rodrigo Anguita","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000004450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the incidence, prognostic factors and management of macular edema (ME) associated with silicone oil (SO) tamponade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, comparative, observational study included patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and SO tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) or persistent full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and OCT findings were analyzed, focusing on the presence of ME. Propensity score matching was performed to control for confounding variables, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictive factors for ME development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 eyes of 112 patients was included. ME developed in 64 out of 114 eyes (56.1%) during SO tamponade. The mean duration of SO tamponade was significantly longer in the ME group (665 days, SD 580) compared to the non-ME group (239 days, SD 196) (p<0.0001). PVR was present in 74 eyes (71.4%) in the RRD group. Additionally, 49% of eyes that did not develop ME during SO tamponade experienced ME after SO removal, with an average CMT increase of 39 μm (SD 9). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified retinectomy (62% in the ME group vs. 29% in the non-ME group, p=0.0013) and longer duration of SO tamponade (p<0.0001) was associated with ME.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a high incidence of ME in eyes with SO tamponade. Prolonged SO tamponade and retinectomy were significant predictors of ME development. These findings emphasize the importance of careful monitoring and timely SO removal to minimize ME-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgical and refractive outcomes of a novel modified sclera-fixated Rayner intraocular lens utilizing Gore-tex suture.","authors":"Chung-Hao Hsiao, Yuan-Shao Cheng, Wen-Jung Lo, Hung-Ju Chen, Chia-Jen Chang","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000004451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the surgical outcomes of a novel modified scleral-fixated Rayner intraocular lens (IOL) with Gore-Tex suture.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective chart review was conducted who had sclera fixation Rayner IOL and pars plana vitrectomy utilizing Gore-Tex suture without scleral flap between November 2021 and June 2024. Data included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and complications. Difference between postoperative SE and preoperative predicted refraction are calculated as prediction error (PE).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>103 patients (103 eyes) with mean age of 64.7 ± 13.0 years are included. 73 patients are male, and BCVA improved from logMAR 1.12 ± 0.66 (20/263 Snellen) to 0.50 ± 0.56 (20/63 Snellen) (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative SE was -1.32 ± 1.49 D, and mean PE was -0.81 ± 1.16 D. Refractive outcomes showed 76.7% of patients were within ±1.5 D and 92.2% were within ±2.5 D of the refractive target. Postoperative complications included transient elevated intraocular pressure (7.77%), transient hypotony (1.94%), cystoid macular edema (6.80%), vitreous hemorrhage (1.94%), stitch exposure (2.91%), and IOL tilt or subluxation (2.91%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel modified scleral fixation technique was safe with transient and tolerable complications. The study observed an average myopic shift 0.81 D in refractive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvain El-Khoury, Youssef Abdelmassih, Livin Uwemeye, Theophile Tuyisabe, Michael Mikhail
{"title":"ECCENTRIC MACULAR HOLES AS A POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION OF MACULAR SURGERY IN BLACK AFRICANS.","authors":"Sylvain El-Khoury, Youssef Abdelmassih, Livin Uwemeye, Theophile Tuyisabe, Michael Mikhail","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004318","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study is to report on the incidence and the characteristics of eccentric macular holes as a complication of macular surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling in a black African population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective consecutive case series. Files of 125 patients who received macular surgery were reviewed, and 14 eyes of 14 patients were included in this study. Intervention consisted of pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for a full-thickness macular hole or epiretinal membrane. The main outcome measures were the development of eccentric macular holes, their characteristics (location, number), and best-corrected visual acuity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eccentric macular holes developed in 14 eyes of 14 patients with a mean age of 64.5 ± 9.4 years and a female predominance of 64%. The incidence of eccentric macular holes was 11.2%. Eccentric macular holes developed on average 4.4 ± 1.2 weeks after surgery. In 9 eyes (65%) location was temporal, in 3 eyes (21%) superotemporal, and in 2 eyes (14%) inferotemporal. Multiple holes were observed in 12 eyes (86%), and 5 eyes (35%) had confluent holes. Nine eyes (64%) had only full-thickness holes, 4 eyes (29%) had both full-thickness and lamellar holes, and 1 eye (7%) had only lamellar holes. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.1 ± 0.33 logMAR to 0.89 ± 0.26 logMAR ( P = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eccentric macular hole formation showed a very high incidence in our setting and represents a main complication for macular surgery. In all cases, eccentric macular holes were formed in the temporal macula, and in most cases, they were multiple and full-thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"472-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naveen R Ambati, Adam Leone, Daniel Brill, Robert A Sisk
{"title":"REAL-WORLD LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF INTRAVITREAL FARICIMAB IN PREVIOUSLY TREATED CHRONIC NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.","authors":"Naveen R Ambati, Adam Leone, Daniel Brill, Robert A Sisk","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004322","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the real-world outcomes of intravitreal faricimab (IVF) in long-standing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) over a 1-year study period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective single-center cohort study of patients with previously treated nAMD receiving IVF with at least 12 months of follow-up. Main outcome measures include injection intervals, visual acuity (VA), and optical coherence tomography features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 263 eyes from 217 patients received 6.4 ± 2.3 IVF injections over 1 year. Injection interval increased after switching to IVF (5.9 ± 1.8 vs. 7.6 ± 2.4 weeks) ( P < 0.01). There was no improvement in VA after switching to IVF at any time period ( P > 0.15). Average CST decreased after the first IVF injection and was sustained for 1 year (313.7 ± 96.0 vs. 288.2 ± 80.6 µ m) ( P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant resolution of subretinal fluid but not IRF at all time points (40.8%-50.4%; P < 0.01). Persistent fluid after the first IVF injection was resolved in 34.4% (n = 45) by 1 year. IVF was discontinued in 31 eyes (11.8%), four (1.6%) that experienced intraocular inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-standing nAMD eyes switched to IVF experienced a significant extension in injection interval, stable visual acuity, improvement in CST, and resolution of fluid on OCT in many patients over 1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"446-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FOUR-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER INTRAVITREAL AFLIBERCEPT FOR MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA.","authors":"Yuka Mizuno-Onishi, Tae Igarashi, Kengo Uramoto, Yuichiro Kaneko, Natsuko Nagaoka, Takeshi Yoshida, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004341","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The natural course of the visual acuity in eyes with myopic macular neovascularization is poor. Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents have demonstrated safety and efficacy in the short term for managing myopic macular neovascularization. The purpose of this study was to determine the 4-year outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept injections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective monocentric study including 49 eyes of 48 patients diagnosed with myopic macular neovascularization. These patients underwent treatment with intravitreal aflibercept using the pro re nata regimen after the first injection. The minimum follow-up duration was 4 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients had an average age of 63.8 years and an average axial length of 29.7 mm. The mean number of intravitreal aflibercept injections was 1.6, and 30 eyes (61.2%) had a single injection. At the baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, the mean best-corrected visual acuities were 20/45, 20/41, 20/43, 20/51, and 20/53, respectively. The differences in the best-corrected visual acuity at the different times from that at the baseline were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravitreal aflibercept therapy with the pro re nata regimen provides a 4-year visual benefit in eyes with myopic macular neovascularization, and it is better than the reported natural course in maintaining the best-corrected visual acuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"464-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guy S Negretti, Tatiana Ushakova, Serov Yuri, Polyakov Vladimir, Jesse L Berry, Sarah Pike, Carol L Shields, G Baker Hubbard, Maya Eiger-Moscovich, Jacob Pe'er, Sandra E Staffieri, James E Elder, John D McKenzie, Alia Ahmad, Mahvish Hussain, Sandro Casavilca-Zambrano, Sandra Alarcon-Leon, Yacoub A Yousef, Mona Mohammad, Mika Tanabe, Mattan Arazi, Ido Didi Fabian, Samuel Goldstein, Swathi Kaliki, Mandeep S Sagoo, M Ashwin Reddy
{"title":"NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA AS A PREDICTOR OF RETINOBLASTOMA HIGH-RISK HISTOPATHOLOGY IN AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY.","authors":"Guy S Negretti, Tatiana Ushakova, Serov Yuri, Polyakov Vladimir, Jesse L Berry, Sarah Pike, Carol L Shields, G Baker Hubbard, Maya Eiger-Moscovich, Jacob Pe'er, Sandra E Staffieri, James E Elder, John D McKenzie, Alia Ahmad, Mahvish Hussain, Sandro Casavilca-Zambrano, Sandra Alarcon-Leon, Yacoub A Yousef, Mona Mohammad, Mika Tanabe, Mattan Arazi, Ido Didi Fabian, Samuel Goldstein, Swathi Kaliki, Mandeep S Sagoo, M Ashwin Reddy","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004340","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess histopathology and outcomes after primary enucleation of eyes with retinoblastoma presenting with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an international multicenter case series study across five continents. A retrospective review of patient charts was performed for all patients undergoing primary enucleation for retinoblastoma (n = 1,420) using a standardized data-collection spreadsheet. Clinical features, pathologic grade, and outcomes were compared between NVG patients and those with an American Joint Commission on Cancer eighth edition clinical stage of cT2. High-risk histopathology was defined as American Joint Commission on Cancer eighth edition pathologic stage ≥ pT2b.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neovascular glaucoma was seen in 224/1,420 (16%) patients. The mean age at presentation of those with NVG was 30 months (median 25, range 0-120 months), and 131 (58%) patients had high-risk histopathology. The univariate logistic regression odds ratio for NVG predicting high-risk histopathology was 1.73 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.31) and from multivariate logistic regression was 1.77 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-2.56). Patients with a longer duration of symptoms ( P = 0.03), buphthalmos ( P = 0.02), and ectropion uveae ( P < 0.01) were more likely to have high-risk histopathology. Patients with NVG were more likely to develop metastasis than cT2 patients ( P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant association between NVG at presentation, high-risk histopathology, and metastatic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"565-573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMAS.","authors":"Hassan E Elkayal, Mandeep S Sagoo, Guy S Negretti","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004323","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the use of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of subretinal fluid (SRF) and intraretinal fluid associated with circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective review of all patients treated with at least three bevacizumab injections for circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas-associated SRF between May 2020 and August 2023 in Moorfields eye hospital. Outcome measures included change in best-corrected visual acuity, change in patient-reported symptoms, change in SRF, and change in central subfield thickness. Data on further management after cessation of injections were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included nine patients. Median best-corrected visual acuity was 6/19 before and 6/24 after injections ( P = 0.41). Central subfield thickness decreased from a median of 466 to 447 µ m ( P = 0.11). Two thirds of (n = 6) patients did not show any reduction in foveal SRF, one third (n = 3) showed a partial reduction, and no patients had a complete resolution of SRF. Eight patients received rescue-photodynamic therapy, and one received external beam radiotherapy. Best-corrected visual acuity changed from a median of 6/60 to a median of 6/12 after rescue treatment ( P = 0.63). The median central subfield thickness decreased significantly from 470 µ m to 249 µ m ( P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravitreal bevacizumab is unlikely to be an effective treatment for exudative circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"501-508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING ASPIRATION VOLUMES OF BACK-FLUSH NEEDLES AND INFUSION VOLUMES OF VITRECTOMY DEVICE.","authors":"Masaharu Mizuno, Takashi Koto, Kosuke Nakajima, Tomoka Ishida, Makoto Inoue","doi":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004326","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IAE.0000000000004326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The stability of the eye is important during vitrectomy, which makes it important to balance the infusion rates (IRs) and the aspiration rates (ARs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the IR from the vitrectomy device and the AR with back-flush needles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the ARs of 25-gauge or 27-gauge back-flush needles manufactured by four companies. The AR of balanced salt solution (BSS), ethylene glycol mimicking subretinal fluid, and air was measured for each aspiration pressure. The IR of BSS and air was measured at different intraocular pressures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AR increased in proportion to the increase in the aspiration pressure, and it was positively correlated with the cross-sectional area of the soft tips and negatively with the total length of the soft tips. The IR of BSS and air increased in proportion to the increase in the intraocular pressures settings. The IR of BSS exceeded the AR of BSS and ethylene glycol for all parameters, but the IR of air could be less than the AR at some settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that the aspiration of air may cause a collapse of the eye under some settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54486,"journal":{"name":"Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases","volume":"45 3","pages":"478-485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}