Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"A comparative analysis of the efficacy of intrauterine misoprostol in conjunction with oxytocin versus oxytocin monotherapy for the prophylaxis of primary postpartum haemorrhage.","authors":"Afnan Rizwan, Muhammad Hassaan Farooq, Uzma Nayyer, Asma Irfan, Mahwish Farooq, Maryam Siddique","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.11080","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.11080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the effectiveness of intrauterine misoprostol along with oxytocin versus oxytocin monotherapy for the prevention of primary postpartum haemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The quasi-randomised controlled trial took place at the Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to August 2021, and comprised women who underwent lower segment caesarean section and at fullterm pregnancy who had risk factors for experiencing postpartum haemorrhage. The subjects were randomised into experimental group A and control group B. Group A subjects received both misoprostol and oxytocin, while those in group B received oxytocin only. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 120 subjects, 60(50%) were in group A with mean age 28.72±5.82 years and mean gestational age 38.02±1.1 weeks. The remaining 60(50%) subjects were in group B with mean age 29.47±4.72 years and mean gestational age 37.50±1.5 weeks. Group A subjects had fewer changes in haemoglobin levels post-operation than those in group B (p<0.05). The number of operative towels used, contractility time of the uterus, and need for other drugs to control haemorrhage were significantly different in group A compared to group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Misoprostol along with oxytocin was found to be more effective in reducing blood loss in patients with postpartum haemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"405-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hernia uterus inguinale in a two months old female infant.","authors":"Mahwish Noor-Ul-Haq, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Sharif, Sadaf Zafarullah, Babar Shahzad, Muhammad Rehman Waheed","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.21264","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.21264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most common age groups for indirect inguinal hernias are infants, with a low prevalence in girls. It is very uncommon for uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes to be present in hernial sac altogether. Since strangulation and necrosis of these organs may result in serious illness and infertility, early detection and surgery are essential. The most useful technique for diagnosing and differentiating infant inguinal hernias is ultrasound. We sought to illustrate surgical features of a two months old female infant, delivered by caesarean section, presented to the Paediatric Surgery Emergency Department at Mayo Hospital Lahore on 8th March 2024 with irreducible mass in left groin. The diagnosis was made via ultrasound, which revealed an indirect incarcerated inguinal hernia containing viable uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. Surgery was performed through an inguinal approach, where the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries were found within the hernial sac. High ligation and additional repair of internal inguinal ring were done after reducing the contents in the peritoneal cavity. The postoperative course was uneventful.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"495-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of different methods of contraception and time of menstrual cycle on dry socket.","authors":"Sidra Abid, Javeria Khan, Uzma Hameed, Mohsina Marufi, Amynah Charania Sheikh","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.11164","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.11164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the potential association between the use of contraceptives and the occurrence of dry socket following tooth extraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dow International Dental College, Karachi, from April to October 2023, and comprised female patients aged 18-45 years who underwent posterior maxillary and mandibular tooth extractions. All the extractions were conducted under local anaesthesia by the same surgeon. After extraction, the patients were given preventive anti-inflammatories and prophylactic antibiotics. Extraction success was the dependent variable, while contraceptive use was the independent variable, and the association between the two was evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 193 female subjects, female patients aged 18-45 years 68(35.2%) were in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, 106(54.9%) were in the luteal phase, and 19(9.8%) were in the ovulation phase. Regarding contraceptive methods, 133(68.9%) used oral contraceptive pills, followed by 28(14.5%) using combined oral contraceptive pills. The development of dry socket was observed in 61(31.6%) cases. A significant positive correlation was found between oral contraceptive use and an increased risk of dry socket (p<0.05). Women in the luteal phase had significantly higher odds of developing dry socket compared to those in the ovarian phase (p=0.029), while the odds of developing dry socket during the follicular phase were significantly lower compared to the ovarian phase (p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need to take oral contraceptives usage into account as a possible contributory factor for socket dryness in female dental extraction patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"409-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy of adolescents and their parents in a possible future Pandemic based on their COVID-19 experience.","authors":"Suzan Tek Ayaz, Aysenur Keles, Dogukan Ciliz, Sude Topal","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.11061","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.11061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors among adolescents and their parents during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in central Turkiye in May 2022, one month after the government lifted social distancing restrictions related to the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. The sample comprised adolescents aged 12-18 years and their parents. Data was collected using a personal information form and the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Pandemics. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Necessary permissions were obtained from the Provincial Directorate of National Education, the Scientific Research Platform of the Ministry of Health, and the Ethics Committee of Yozgat Bozok University.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,324 adolescents, 828(62.5%) were females and 496(37.5%) were males with overall mean age 14.94±1.71 years. Of the 1,305 parents, 689(52.8%) were females and 616(47.2%) were males with overall mean age 41.27±6.27 years. Among the adolescents, 1,215(91.8%) had not received the coronavirus disease-2019 vaccine. Among the parents, 264(20.2%) had not received the vaccine. Among adolescents, 544(44.8%) and among parents, 736(60.6%) cited concerns about potential side effects as the reason for not getting themselves or their child vaccinated. Additionally, 654(49.4%) adolescents and 339(26%) parents expressed vaccine hesitancy in the face of a possible future pandemic. Mean vaccine hesitancy score was 30.78±8.88 among the adolescents, and 31.94±7.72 among the parents. Age, level of their information about the pandemic, intent to be vaccinated in a possible future pandemic, and sources of information about the pandemic were significant factors related to vaccine hesitancy (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was considerable vaccine hesitancy among the subjects, which calls for focussing on strategies to address the issue to avoid potential negative impact during any future pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"393-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Obesity Epidemicity and Endemicity: Introducing New Quantitative Indices.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra, Madhur Verma, Nitin Kapoor","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.25-20","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.25-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As obesity becomes more and more common, it will get (or may already have) converted from an epidemic to an endemic. This opinion piece discusses these epidemiological definitions in the context of obesity and proposes three obesity epidemicity indices to quantify their indices. It discusses the rationale behind using such ratios to measure endemicity. The discussion notes how the different ratios give markedly divergent results and call for greater attention to this aspect of obesity epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"503-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for Nirsevimab use in Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Moaz, Basum Hayat","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.20282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.20282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment: Ensifentrine.","authors":"Aamrah Wakil, Taha Ahmad Siddiqui, Eesha Arshad","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.21488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.21488","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of chemotherapy on cognitive functioning and quality of life among cancer patients in Peshawar.","authors":"Summaiya Arif","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.10319","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.10319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The time series study was planned to assess the possible effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on cognitive functioning and patients' quality of life. Conducted at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from 1st January, 2021 to 15th April, 2021, the study comprised 60 patients who were divided into chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and healthy control groups. Data was collected using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-cognitive questionnaire and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Chemotherapy significantly affected the cognitive functioning of participants compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The quality of life of the patients in chemotherapy and radiotherapy groups was significantly impaired compared to the controls (p<0.05). The findings showed the negative side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"476-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenal Asthenia.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra, Atul Dhingra, Nitin Kapoor","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.25-18","DOIUrl":"10.47391/JPMA.25-18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The terms 'adrenal asthenia', 'adrenal fatigue' and 'adrenal burnout', sometimes used in lay language, are not a part of the medical or endocrine lexicon. In this opinion piece, we explore the relevance of adrenal asthenia and describe how it can be used in different clinical situations, with varying connotations. Adrenal asthenia may refer to adrenocortical insufficiency, increased parasympathetic or reduced adrenergic tone, or fatigue due to excessive and continuous exposure to stress. It may be mediated by hypoglycaemia or dyselectrolytaemia. The term adrenal asthenia has important clinical and public health advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"498-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivational Therapeutics and Medicine.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra, Suneet Kumar Verma, Nitin Kapoor","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.25-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.25-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"75 3","pages":"376-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}