Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between resilience and personality traits of students in undergraduate medical programmes.","authors":"Haiqa Imran, Fatima Binte Arif, Khadija Qamar, Aneesha Rashid, Muhammad Ali Qadeer, Marium Sohail, Mujtaba Bashir Memon","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.22910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.22910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of personal factors on resilience in undergraduate medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023 among medical and dental students at 5 public and private medical colleges in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. Students from Army Medical College (AMC) Rawalpindi, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College (GMMMC) Sukkar, Rawalpindi Medical College (RMU) Rawalpindi, Foundation University School of health Sciences (FUSH) Islamabad, and Baqai Medical University (BMU) Karachi were included in the study, after approval from the ethics review board of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Data was collected using Google Forms based on Medical Professionals Resilience Scale and Big Five Inventory questionnaires aimed at determining the relation between resilience and personality. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5 medical institutions, 3(60%) were from Punjab and 2(40%) were from Sindh, while 3(60%) were from the public sector (AMC, GMMMC, RMU) and 2(40%) were from the private sector (FUSH, BMU). Of the 356 students with mean age 21.18±1.67 years, 204(57.3%) were females and 152(42.7%) were males, while 345(96.9%) were medical and 11(3.1%) were dental students. There were 80(22.5%) students from AMC, 33(9.3%) from GMMMC, 145(40.7%) from RMU, 59(16.6%) from FUSH and 39(11%) from BMU. Resilience had a positively weak to moderate correlation with Agreeableness (r=0.156) and Conscientiousness (r=0.206). Extraversion (r=-0.288), Neuroticism (r= 0.194) and Openness (r=-0.303) had a negative correlation with Resilience. GMMMC showed a weakly negative correlation between Resilience and all personality traits, while BMU showed a significantly positive correlation of Resilience with Extraversion. Public-sector students (AMC, GMMC and RMU) demonstrated relatively higher mean resilience score than private-sector students (FUSH and BMU).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medical institutions should develop programmes that foster resilience by targetting key personality traits. Personalized educational strategies, mental health support, and resilience training should be integrated into the curriculum to address individual differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"477-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preemptive EBV-specific T-cell therapy: An emerging prophylactic approach to PTLD reduction and survival benefit in SOT recipients.","authors":"Sana Munir Gill, Laiba Talib Hussain, Mairah Razi","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.26-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.26-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemithyroiditis is a rare form of thyroid inflammation characterized by involvement of only one lobe of thyroid gland. The exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear; however, it is thought to represent a localized manifestation of chronic thyroiditis that may be triggered by upper respiratory tract infections, trauma and radiation exposure. It has a preponderance for middle aged women. Normally, most thyroiditis conditions (like Hashimoto's or subacute thyroiditis) involve both lobes, but occasionally inflammation is confined to one side. We report a case of hemithyroiditis identified on a 99m-Tc pertechnetate thyroid scan, highlighting the importance of imaging in recognizing this uncommon presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"468-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental stem cell therapy: a promising avenue for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.","authors":"Sophia Rafiq, Zainab Pervaiz","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.31530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.31530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tirzepatide a major breakthrough in treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea.","authors":"Ali Ahmad, Natkai Mirwais, Aamir Khan","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.31027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.31027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of supplements on metabolic parameters in PCOS patients.","authors":"Malaika Ashraf, Usama Sagheer, Muhammad Umar Rafique","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.31328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.31328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-Specific Training and Neuroplasticity for Stroke Recovery: Mechanisms, Interventions, and Future Directions.","authors":"Furqan Ahmed Siddiqi, Saira Jahan, Muhammad Furqan Hassan, Farooq Azam Rathore","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.26-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.26-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in stroke rehabilitation emphasize the importance of neuroplasticity and task-specific training (TST) in facilitating motor recovery and functional outcomes in stroke survivors. Considering the global rise in stroke, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan, it is important to implement evidence-based practices that optimize post stroke recovery. TST involves repetitive practicing goal-oriented tasks. It has shown promising results in facilitating cortical reorganization and enhancing functional outcomes. TST encourages use dependent neuroplasticity by incorporating affected neural pathways through intensive, repetitive, goal directed, purposeful activity. Studies suggests that interventions such as virtual reality-based task-specific training, robotic-assisted therapy, and constraint-induced movement therapy can improve the functional motor outcomes. In addition, technological advancements include novel, cost-effective strategies that integrate TST with digital tools to maximize patients' compliance. Implementing TST via adaptable rehabilitation models can improve recovery and long-term quality of life for stroke survivors. This review explores TST -induced neuroplasticity, highlights key interventions, and outlines future strategies for implementation in resource-limited settings like Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"470-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dialysis Hygiene.","authors":"Sourabh Sharma, Shubharthi Kar, Rasha Darwish, Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.26-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.26-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dialysis hygiene represents a comprehensive and evolving framework that goes beyond traditional infection-control practice to cover patient-centred, personnel-centred, machine-centred, environmental, metabolic, financial, and social dimensions of safety in kidney replacement therapy (KRT). With the increasing number of patients living on haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), the need and complexities of maintaining an aseptic and functionally optimal dialysis environment have grown considerably. This article reviews the concept of dialysis hygiene, integrating universal precautions, vascular access care, dialysate and water-treatment hygiene, personal and caregiver hygiene, metabolic hygiene relating to glycaemia and electrolytes, and emerging domains such as \"monetary hygiene\" and \"social hygiene.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"462-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of medical students on implementation of Clerkship model in Community medicine.","authors":"Shamaila Mohsin, Ayesha Javed, Memoona Ajmal, Aayesha Bint Abdur Rauf, Mohammad Awais Sadiq, Ibrahim Aamir","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.22426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.22426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the learning perspective and experience of fourth year medical students in the clerkship programme, and to identify the key challenges faced by them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted at the Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June to September 2024, and comprised fourth year students of either gender who completed their six-week clerkship rotation in Community Medicine within the specified timeframe. Data was collected through in depth interviews till data saturation was achieved. The interviews were audio-recorded, and transcribed using an artificial intelligence tool. The data was subjected to thematic analysis using the Ritchie and Spencer framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 15 students, 8(54%) were males and 7(46%) were females. The overall age ranged 21-22 years, and 10(66.6%) had an urban background. Data analysis led to four key themes: innovative learning, including curriculum synergy, scaffolding in learning, and reflective engagement; conduct of clerkship, including pre-visit briefings, instructor-led visits, and theme-based content; personal skill and growth, including cultural familiarity, confidence building, and communication skill enhancement; and structural limitation, including time management, burden of multitasking, and large batch size. While overall satisfaction with the module was high, students highlighted areas of structural limitations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high level of overall satisfaction with the clerkship module, but the students highlighting some structural limitations that need to be addressed to optimise the learning experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"365-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Political instability in Baluchistan: A growing barrier to polio eradication.","authors":"Umair Wajid, Muhammad Hassan Ahsan, Haris Muhammad Anwer","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.30930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.30930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-site laparoscopic-assisted surgery for congenital intestinal atresia.","authors":"Shan Zeng, Bin Zhong, Fang Shu, Peng Zhang, Shuqing Wu","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.23294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.23294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-site laparoscopy in the management of congenital intestinal atresia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective study was conducted from January to December 2024 at the Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China, and comprised data from January 2014 to December 2023 related to paediatric patients with congenital intestinal atresia who underwent surgical intervention. The patients were divided into laparotomy group A and laparoscopic group B. The two groups were compared in terms of general data, operating time, intraoperative blood loss, time-to-diet, length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 120 patients, 64(53.3%) were in group A; 40(62.5%) boys and 24(37.5%) girls with median age 3.0 years (interquartile range: 2.0-4.8 years). The remaining 56(46.7%) patients were in group B; 32(57.1%) boys and 24(42.9%) girls with median age 3.0 years (interquartile range: 2.0-4.0 years) (p>0.05). Group B had increased operating time and intraoperative blood loss, and reduced postoperative complications compared to group A (p<0.05). There was no significant intergroup difference in terms of time-to-diet and length of hospital stay (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Single-site laparoscopy was found to be a viable approach for treating neonatal congenital intestinal atresia, it was associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54369,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"76 3","pages":"392-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}