Ali H. Muqaibel, Saleh A. Alawsh, Galal M. BinMakhashen
{"title":"Under-Sampled UWB NLOS/LOS Channel Classification using Machine Learning","authors":"Ali H. Muqaibel, Saleh A. Alawsh, Galal M. BinMakhashen","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09785-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09785-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the ability of different machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify ultra-wideband channels into line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight channels. The examined algorithms include convolutional neural network, K-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, long-short term memory, stochastic gradient descent, support vector machine, and ensemble ML. For consistency and generality, multiple experimental and simulated datasets are used. We examine the classification performance with the raw data of the channel impulse response (CIR) or some extracted features. The promising features are energy, peak to lead delay, kurtosis, mean excess delay, RMS delay spread, and skewness, among others. Due to the ultrawide bandwidth used, the associated sampling rate is very high, and the required processing is costly. This work demonstrates that we can work with down-sampled data without deteriorating the feature extraction or the classification performance. Under-sampling the experimental data by a factor of 10 still guarantees high classification accuracy. This also reduces the complexity and accelerates the classification process. Ensemble ML algorithms are recommended because they provide the largest accuracy for most of the considered datasets. They achieve ~ 90% classification accuracy for dataset-C and IEEE802.15.4a) and ~ 80% accuracy for dataset-B when the CIR is downsampled by a factor of 20.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"6095 - 6108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menhal A. Al-Ismael, Mohammad S. Jamal, Abeeb A. Awotunde
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in AI-Based Techniques for Field Development Optimization","authors":"Menhal A. Al-Ismael, Mohammad S. Jamal, Abeeb A. Awotunde","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09829-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09829-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimizing well placement and production strategy in hydrocarbon reservoirs is a critical task during field development planning. Various optimization algorithms have been proposed in the literature to optimize different field development problems. Recent research in this area has shifted toward using artificial intelligence (AI) to assist field development optimization in an attempt to establish approaches that are more effective. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research on AI-based optimization techniques applied to field development, focusing on studies published in the last ten years. We identified the commonly adopted AI algorithms such as artificial neural networks, gradient boosting, random forest, and clustering. We discussed their specific applications in field development optimization and how they are combined with the classical optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, and particle swarm optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 7","pages":"5279 - 5301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. H. M. Sofi, M. Y. S. Hamid, A. A. Jalil, A. Alhebshi, N. S. Hassan, M. B. Bahari, M. Y. Mohamud
{"title":"Recent Advancements of SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 Zeolite in Converting Methanol to Olefin: A Review","authors":"M. H. M. Sofi, M. Y. S. Hamid, A. A. Jalil, A. Alhebshi, N. S. Hassan, M. B. Bahari, M. Y. Mohamud","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09786-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09786-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the conversion of methanol to olefins (MTO) over acidic zeolite catalysts as a non-petroleum alternative for producing light olefins has attracted considerable interest. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in modifying SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 zeolites for MTO reaction and performs a bibliometric analysis to gain insight into trends in the field. The study covers the utilization of zeolites in MTO technology, elucidating the process flow configuration and emphasizing the pivotal factors affecting the zeolite catalyst performance in conversion of methanol to olefin. The various modifications of SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 catalysts are extensively discussed, focusing on the intricate modifications such as alterations in the silicon-alumina ratio, utilization of structure directing agents, creation of core–shell structures, and introduction of metals. The catalyst modification significantly affects MTO outcomes, with various alterations showing the potential to enhance selectivity, propylene-to-ethylene ratio, and catalytic stability, offering prospects for selective light olefin production in the MTO process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 6","pages":"3671 - 3697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuclear Power, Photovoltaics, and Compressed Air Energy Storage: A Low-Cost, on-Demand Power Hub for Saudi Arabia","authors":"Jihad Hassan AlSadah","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09731-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09731-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Saudi Arabia’s energy portfolio is shifting toward low-carbon solar photovoltaics (PV) and nuclear energy. PV intermittency and seasonality must be considered along its low cost which reached globally low value of <span>(text{c}!!| 1.04/kWh_{e,PV})</span> in SA. Nuclear power plants, NPPs, are reliable and cost stable: <span>(text{c}!!| 4.2 - 7.1/kWh_{e,NPP})</span>. NPP requires <span>(2.7{text{liter}}/kWh_{e,NPP})</span> freshwater for evaporative cooling stressing water resources. NPP is best operated at constant maximum power avoiding xenon poisoning operational complexity and keeping capital intensive LCOE low. This paper explores alternative roles for NPPs in Saudi Arabia: base-load electricity generation, dedicated desalination, and functioning as energy hub integrating energy storage systems and PV power. Base-load operation is not competitive compared to combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) or future PV/battery systems. NPP can operate thermal and membrane desalination with good economics of <span>(293.7{text{liter}}/kWh_{e})</span> and energy cost component of <span>($ 0.14 - 0.24/m^{3} .)</span>. Our study recommends integrating constant NPPs with intermittent PV systems using compressed air energy storage (CAES). Liquid piston used in CAES enables efficient quasi-isothermal compression/expansion. PV powers charging/compression and NPP heat powers discharging/expansion. The system includes ice thermal storage, 310 °C phase-changing-material hot storage with 200 bar high-pressure tanks storing cold air. The system enables power on demand, POD independent from PV and NPP time profiles. PV-NPP-CAES POD costs 36% less than NPP cost. Electricity generated is 2.35X higher than its NPP contribution. Integrating SA locally advantageous PV to reliable NPPs by utilizing industrially mature CAES and thermal storage represents a promising energy plan for Saudi Arabia, constituting an energy hub of low-cost and reliable power on demand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 5","pages":"3563 - 3577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Robust Control in an Industrial Application","authors":"Mustafa Can Bingol, Omur Aydogmus","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09797-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09797-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to design and implement a reinforcement learning-based controller for a nonlinear industrial system, specifically a liquid water tank controlled via a programmable logic controller to achieve robust control in the presence of disturbances from the outlet drain valve at various ratios. Initially, the system’s model parameters were determined, and a mathematical model was developed using the OpenAI Gym open-source platform. Subsequently, multilayer perceptron-based reinforcement learning (RL), adaptive proportional integral (A-PI), and reinforcement learning-integral (RL-I) controllers were trained and validated using the developed software model. The designed controllers were then implemented on the real system both fixed and variable drain valve ratios. Tests conducted with a fixed drain valve ratio revealed that the proposed RL-I controller outperformed the RL and A-PI controllers in terms of transient and steady-state responses. The error values of the RL-I controller were significantly lower than those of the other algorithms (<i>p</i> = 0.000). In the final test, where the drain valve was adjusted to different ratios, the RL-I controller demonstrated robust performance. This study successfully developed a novel, robust controller for nonlinear systems commonly encountered in industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"6083 - 6094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatema Ali Almazrouei, Yacine Addad, Peter Rodgers
{"title":"Numerical Study of Near-Field Radionuclides Dispersion Around Barakah Power Plant During Postulated Accidental Release Scenarios","authors":"Fatema Ali Almazrouei, Yacine Addad, Peter Rodgers","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09734-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09734-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the assessment of hazards arising from nuclear power plant incidents, informed by the Fukushima catastrophe. It evaluates the environmental impact of noble gases, such as iodine-131 releases, recognizing the limitations of current local computational tools, particularly in predicting near-field dispersion accurately. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study validates this approach’s effectiveness in predicting pollutant dispersion around buildings. Among the five turbulence models tested, the Lag Elliptic Blending (EB) <i>k-ε</i> model emerges as the most suitable for simulating radioactive pollutant dispersion due to its superior performance in capturing flow dynamics. The findings underscore the inadequacy of traditional Gaussian plume models in accounting for the effects of buildings on dispersion patterns. Notably, simulations around the Barakah nuclear site located in the United Arab Emirates reveal the significant influence of buildings on the trajectory of radioactive pollutants from hypothetical cracks. Consequently, it advocates caution in relying solely on classical Gaussian plume models for evacuation plans, as they may overlook crucial flow patterns due to building presence, potentially leading to distorted assessments of gas distribution and deposition rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 5","pages":"3539 - 3561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13369-024-09734-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Liquid Food Volumes and Treatment Chamber Design on a High-Voltage Bipolar Square Pulse Generator","authors":"Devi Selvakumar, Balasubramanian Madanmohan","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09757-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09757-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficacy of microbial inactivation in food items using a Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) is governed by pulse generator parameters, test chamber design, type, and volume of treated food items. This work deals with the simulation of a high-voltage PEF generator in the MATLAB platform to produce bipolar square voltage pulses. Before the circuit simulation, the pulse generator was modelled using the circuit averaging technique to ensure bounded output from the generator. Two distinctly dimensioned test chambers with parallel plate electrodes were fabricated in seven different volumes. Apple juice was considered for analysis and it was considered as an R–C circuit connected as a load across the PEF generator. The loading effect of apple juice on pulse voltage magnitude, electric field intensity, pulse power consumption, and specific energy dissipation were calculated for each volume in both test chambers. Detailed numerical computations were performed using Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken design to determine the relationship between food volumes and test chamber design on specific energy dissipation. It was observed from both the simulation and numerical computation that the test chamber with less electrode spacing provides better electric field distribution, higher specific energy dissipation, and lesser loading effect. For the validation of the simulation, a high-voltage bipolar square pulse generator was fabricated and the pulse was applied across apple juice sample. The results show that the number of microbes present in the treated sample is reduced compared to the untreated sample.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"6065 - 6081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Hafizuddin Hazaraimi, Pei Sean Goh, Ling Yun Wang, Woei Jye Lau, Mahesan Naidu Subramaniam, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Norbaya Hashim, Nirmala Devi Kerisnan, Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya, Raja Baharudin Raja Mamat
{"title":"Multifunctional Roles of g-C3N4 in Synthesizing N-TiO2/g-C3N4 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Bisphenol A","authors":"Muhammad Hafizuddin Hazaraimi, Pei Sean Goh, Ling Yun Wang, Woei Jye Lau, Mahesan Naidu Subramaniam, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Norbaya Hashim, Nirmala Devi Kerisnan, Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya, Raja Baharudin Raja Mamat","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09758-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09758-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>BPA (Bisphenol A), an endocrine disrupting compound commonly detected in various water bodies, has been found to be hazardous because it can mimic and disrupt the hormone functions in the body. Photocatalysis is among the most efficient methods for eliminating BPA from water sources. Creating efficient heterojunctions has been shown as a successful approach to tackle the main obstacles encountered by a single photocatalyst and, thereby, improving photocatalytic performance. Thus, choosing the right dopant and/or semiconductor for the formation of an effective heterojunction is crucial to ensure the cost and production feasibility for upscaling is viable. A simple two-step calcination method was employed in this work to synthesize N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, where g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> served not only as a precursor for the preparation of the heterojunction but also as a source for nitrogen doping of TiO<sub>2</sub> to promote the photocatalytic degradation of BPA. The optimized N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with a mass ratio of 1:2 (TGN-2) resulted in the optimal photocatalytic degradation of BPA, which was 7.23 times better than pure TiO<sub>2</sub>. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the composite may be attributed to the establishment of the Ti–N bond, higher crystallinity of TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase, and better separation of photoinduced charge carriers compared to other synthesized composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 6","pages":"4367 - 4381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metamaterials Based on a Gaseous Mixture: Analytical Modeling of Electrostriction Effect and Corresponding Brillouin Frequency Shift","authors":"Omid Khakpour, Seyed Mojtaba Rezaei Sani, Reza Rahighi, Mohammadsadegh Eslamijahromi, Cumali Sabah","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09753-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09753-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrostriction properties of a dilute gas mixture are analytically calculated and derived herein for the first time. Electrostriction in a gaseous mixture is expressed in a standard process based on the energy conservation law using the Lorentz-Lorentz model and a model for calculating the electrostriction is introduced. The internal interactions of the gaseous environment follow the ideal gas law. These relationships show that electrostriction can be controlled by changing the volume ratio of gases. Since, electrostriction is an essential parameter in determining the Brillouin scattering, the proposed modeling is a key theoretical method to control the Brillouin scattering in gases. According to the numerical results, it was found that the electrostriction coefficient is almost independent of the wavelength range. More importantly, the frequency shift induced in an N<sub>2</sub>-He gas mixture is independent of the volume fraction. E.g., in volume fraction of 0.3 and wavelength of 300 <i>nm</i>, if the volume fraction is increased by 20%, the electrostriction of the gas mixture (<span>({gamma }_{mix})</span>) will change by 4.3%, but the frequency shift almost does not change. On the other hand, if the frequency varies by 20%, the frequency shift will change by 16%, but in practice <span>({gamma }_{mix})</span> almost remains constant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"6057 - 6064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shujaat Ali, Yanbo Che, Ghulam E Mustafa Abro, Ahsan Zafar
{"title":"Design Analysis of Seven-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Based on Diode and Switched Technique","authors":"Shujaat Ali, Yanbo Che, Ghulam E Mustafa Abro, Ahsan Zafar","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09725-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09725-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comprehensive study on developing and applying a novel seven-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter topology, distinguished by its simplicity, high efficiency, and effective voltage control capabilities. The given inverter topology uses eight switches, two switched capacitors, and two diodes. This reduces circuit complexity. These components are strategically placed to give the inverter a 1.5 voltage gain. This ensures that the capacitors maintain a self-balancing voltage throughout the board regardless of operation. This study analyzes the topology’s theoretical basis, switching states, and modulation techniques to manage output voltage levels efficiently. Power loss and efficiency gains over typical topologies are also examined in the article. Experimental and simulation results support the inverter’s performance and durability. These findings show the inverter’s potential for motor drives and renewable energy systems that require high-quality power output with low harmonic distortion. The findings improve multilayer inverter efficiency and operational stability, significantly contributing to power electronics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"6037 - 6055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}