Numerical Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Ternary Nano-Casson Fluid in the Presence of Cattaneo−Christov Theory with Hall and Ion Slip Effects

This study presents a groundbreaking investigation into the three-dimensional flow of a ternary nanofluid over a stretching surface, integrating advanced models for non-Newtonian fluids, electromagnetic effects, and non-Fourier heat conduction. The combination of \(\left( Al_{2}O_{3},CuO,TiO_{2}\right) \) nanoparticles in a water-based Casson fluid, incorporating Hall and ion slip effects within a Cattaneo–Christov double-diffusion framework. The inclusion of nanoparticles significantly enhances heat transfer rates, Hall and ion slip parameters exhibit a pronounced effect on velocity profiles and Cattaneo–Christov model reveals notable deviations in temperature profiles. Employing an enhanced finite-element method, we provide comprehensive numerical solutions, validated against existing literature for special cases. Our results offer new insights into complex nanofluid systems, with direct applications in advanced cooling technologies, biomedical engineering, and next-generation heat exchangers.