Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Analysing the Structural Merits of Stabilised Earth of Hejaz Region for Construction","authors":"Mohammad Sharif Zami,&nbsp;Omer Ahmed,&nbsp;Mohamedelmustafa Ahmed,&nbsp;Shamsad Ahmad,&nbsp;Amir Al-Ahmed,&nbsp;Saheed Kolawole Adekunle,&nbsp;Ismail Mohammad Ismail Budaiwi","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10118-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10118-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Earth as a building material saves energy, manufacturing, and transport costs and reduces environmental pollution if used on-site. Stabilised rammed earth construction (SREC) is ecologically friendly, and earth, as a building material, is cost-effective compared with conventional building materials such as baked clay bricks and concrete masonry units. Despite these benefits, earth building materials are not widely used in construction, suggesting factors limiting the universal adoption of SREC. The literature reveals few structured studies in Saudi Arabia on local soil typology and SREC structural suitability. This research aims to facilitate an easier understanding of Saudi Arabian Hijazi soil types and their structural merits for SREC. To achieve this, this study executed several geotechnical tests and identified and characterised the components of two soil specimens gathered from disparate areas of Hejaz. Three stabilisers, cement kiln dust (CKD), lime (slaked), and cement, were utilised to stabilise the Hejaz soil specimens at different dosages. To assess the structural achievement of the stabilised soil specimens, unconfined compressive strength was evaluated, while wetting/drying test was carried out for durability characteristics. The microstructural developments of stabilised soils were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Cement comparatively proved to be the best stabiliser in terms of strength gain and durability when used to stabilise the Hejaz soils. Lime became the second-best option to stabilise the soils. The SEM micrographs showed significant changes in the microstructure of the cement- and lime-stabilised soils, whereas microstructural changes were minimal in CKD-stabilised soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 16","pages":"13449 - 13468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Polymeric Nanofluid Technologies for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Weeam Al Shidi,&nbsp;Tarek Ganat,&nbsp;Najeebullah Lashari,&nbsp;Usman Taura,&nbsp;Alireza Kazemi","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10166-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10166-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The utilization of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods is crucial for improving the production of hydrocarbons from reservoirs. Nanoparticles (NPs)–polymer flooding has shown enormous promise since it can modify fluid motion, lower interfacial tension, and change wettability. An extensive summary of the use of NPs–polymer flooding to increase oil recovery efficiency is provided in this review paper. The definition of wettability alteration and its importance in oil recovery are covered in the first section of the study. It tests wettability by measuring contact angle, emphasizing the value of these techniques in determining how well NPs–polymer flooding works. The study also studies how altering interfacial tension can improve oil recovery, with a focus on the mechanisms via which NPs lower interfacial tension at the oil–water interface. In contrast with conventional surfactant techniques, it highlights the benefits of using NPs in terms of stability and control over mobility. With an emphasis on characterization methods like dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, the stability and dispersion of NPs in reservoir fluids are also examined. Zeta potential is critical for preserving NP stability and dispersion, as well as for improving EOR procedures. The paper primarily discusses the core flooding experiments conducted to assess the efficacy of flooding with NPs and polymers. The results of various investigations establish the higher performance of polymeric nanofluids over conventional approaches in recovering both light and heavy crude oils. Also, it addresses the challenges and limitations related to NPs–polymer flooding, including NPs retention and transport mechanisms in porous media. Polymeric NPs flooding shows great promise as an effective EOR technique, with enhanced recovery rates and improved reservoir performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"9709 - 9735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH- and Reduction-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on Pluronic F127-Modified Hyaluronic Acid for the Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin","authors":"Caixia Li,&nbsp;Qin Zhou,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Chao,&nbsp;Liang Li","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10094-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10094-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the preparation of pH- and reduction-responsive doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded hyaluronate acid-F127 supramolecular hydrogels (DOX@Gels) with targeting ability due to the incorporation of hyaluronic acid is described. By combining Pluronic F127-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-F127), disulfide-modified β-cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin, and DOX, hydrogels were constructed through host–guest complexation and hydrogen bonding interactions, and a tailored platform for targeted drug delivery was provided. The chemical composition and rheological properties were comprehensively analyzed. Considering the controlled complexation between DOX and the hydrogel skeleton and the ability of HA to target cancer cells, controlled drug release from the hydrogel G[15,5,5] was investigated under various conditions in vitro. The cumulative amount of DOX released from hydrogel G[15,5,5] showed superior pH- and reduction-controlled release behavior. These results were likely caused by the HA-F127 ester bonds cleavage in acidic environments and the S‒S bond cleavage within the hydrogel networks in the presence of glutathione. Furthermore, the DOX release kinetics were analyzed using Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The results demonstrated that the experimental data was effectively fit with these two models, and the data fitted by using Korsmeyer-Peppas also indicated nonFickian diffusion kinetics of the DOX being released from hydrogels. Owing to the ability of HA to target SKOV-3 cells, the cytotoxicity experiments revealed that DOX@G[15,5,5] exhibited more significant anticancer effects than free DOX. Consequently, DOX@Gels containing HA have emerged as promising candidates for the targeted delivery and release of anticancer drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"10233 - 10244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Fused Floating Car Data (FCD) and Bluetooth (BT) Data Speed Estimation on Urban Arterials","authors":"Beyhan Ipekyuz,&nbsp;Pınar Karatas Sevinen,&nbsp;Hediye Tuydes Yaman","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10088-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10088-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Access to reliable data is crucial, particularly in emerging economies, where data may be scarce. Various collection methods, such as commercial Floating Car Data (FCD) and Bluetooth (BT) traffic data, which are low-cost and widely used methods making them ideal for monitoring and analyzing networks, provide valuable insights. This study presents \"Link-Based Generalized Data Fusion Method (LB-GDFM)\", which integrates and fuses commercial FCD with BT data to assess and manage traffic congestion on urban arterial links. By leveraging the strengths of both data sources, this fusion method provides a more accurate speed estimation and traffic state assessment of urban links and offers a robust comparative method for determining average link speed using fused FCD and BT data, along with performance results. The method, which involves determining a BT-based fused FCD speed, was applied to selected links of an arterial road in Mersin, Turkiye. Two data collection methods were compared to assess the effectiveness of measuring speed reliability across the links over a corridor. Performance metrics such as <span>({text{MAE}}_{FCD, BT})</span>, <span>(MAP{text{E}}_{FCD, BT})</span>, and <span>({text{RMSE}}_{FCD, BT})</span> were used to evaluate the accuracy of both data sources, demonstrating that BT-based fused FCD and BT data provide reliable speed estimates in both heavy and normal traffic scenarios. Results indicated that even with limited data sources, effective traffic management strategies can be developed in emerging economies. This study, therefore, provides a valuable data fusion model for traffic monitoring and emphasizes the potential to enhance the used approach by incorporating additional data sources and broader traffic patterns in developing countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 20","pages":"17091 - 17108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13369-025-10088-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Cross Hashing Image Retrieval Based on Principal Component Analysis","authors":"Ahmet Yilmaz","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10135-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10135-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Image retrieval (IR) has become a crucial challenge in computer vision with the exponential growth of digital imagery. The existing methods employ a single hash source, which may overlook deep details in the image, and they struggle to handle the complexity and diversity of modern visual data. This study addresses this limitation by proposing a novel deep hashing-based IR method named bilateral cross hashing based on principal component analysis (BCHP). Bilateral cross hashing based on principal component analysis-image retrieval (BCHP-IR) employs the feature extraction capabilities of residual network-50 (ResNet-50) and the dimensionality reduction and information preservation properties of principal component analysis (PCA). The method extracts high-level features from query images using ResNet-50 and then compresses both features and class labels using PCA. The compressed data undergoes quantization to generate binary codes. These \"bilateral\" hash codes are combined to capture deep features and compared with image codes in the database. The BCHP-IR's effectiveness is demonstrated through extensive comparative analysis against reported methods, achieving superior performance metrics. On the MS-COCO dataset, BCHP-IR achieves mAP scores that are higher than the average of other benchmark algorithms by 6.3, 6.4, 6.2 and 5.0 at hash lengths of 16, 32, 48 and 64, respectively. These enhancements at those hash lengths are 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 and 4.3 for the NUS-WIDE dataset and 3.9, 2.9, 2.5 and 2.1 for the ImageNet dataset. Therefore, the proposed BCHP-IR method harnesses the power of ResNet-50 and PCA and offers a promising solution for efficient and effective image retrieval.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 15","pages":"12495 - 12512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13369-025-10135-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Porous Organic Polymers and Frameworks for CO2 Capture: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Mustapha Iddrisu,&nbsp;Ahmad Abulfathi Umar,&nbsp;Mozahar M. Hossain","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10147-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10147-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most critical environmental challenges currently is the increase in atmospheric CO₂ levels. Significant research efforts have been directed toward advanced porous materials, especially porous organic polymers (POPs), which are considered highly promising for CO₂ capture due to their exceptional porosity, versatility of their structure, and remarkable physicochemical properties. Recent progress in POPs, particularly the crystalline class such as covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), has demonstrated considerable potential for CO₂ capture. COFs, characterized by their well-ordered structures, exhibit remarkable properties including large surface areas and ease to tether surface functionalities. Interestingly, surface functionalization methods, such as the addition of amine (–NH₂) groups and in situ modification with hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (–CHO) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups, have been found to significantly improve CO₂ adsorption capacity of POPs. The advancement of COFs and CTFs, and generally POPs, offers a promising approach to tackling the challenges of CO₂ capture, aiding efforts to lower greenhouse gas emissions and address environmental issues. This review explores the application of POPs for CO₂ capture, focusing on the role of surface functionalization. Additionally, we examine the mechanisms of how functional groups enhance CO₂ capture and categorize them accordingly. Various CO₂ capture technologies are also discussed. Finally, we identify key challenges and future research directions, such as developing novel functionalization strategies, hybrid materials, and the application of machine learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"9689 - 9708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Microplastic Removal","authors":"S. M. Zakir Hossain","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10116-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10116-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs), the newest type of pollution, are present almost everywhere in the world. This study investigated the possibility of using hybrid Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) and machine learning (ML) techniques (e.g., artificial neural network (ANN), boosted regression tree (BRT), and support vector regression (SVR)) to forecast the removal of MPs during the coagulation process for the first time. The independent variables, including polypropylene microplastic (PPMPs) size, pH, polyacrylamide (PAM), and polyaluminium chloride (PAC), were considered, while the MPs removal rate was the response variable. The results demonstrate the hybrid BOA-BRT model's superiority, with a high coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) and low mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error values, indicating its effectiveness in predicting MPs removal efficiency. The hybrid BOA-ANN model shows higher MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values than BOA-BRT. The statistical multiple linear regression (MLR) and hybrid BOA-SVR models also yielded comparable results, with <i>R</i>² values of approximately 0.82 and 0.83, respectively. The performance of the best predictive BOA-BRT model was compared with the existing response surface methodology (RSM) model (Adib et al. in J Environ Health Sci Eng 20:565–577, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00803-4). Regarding MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values, BOA-BRT outperformed the RSM with a performance enhancement of about 68%, 71%, and 63%, respectively. The model's generalization ability was tested with extra simulated data. Sensitivity analysis showed the relative importance of the input variables on MP removal rate in decreasing order as PPMPs size &gt; pH &gt; PAM dose &gt; PAC dose. This study creates novel avenues for investigating different microplastic removal technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"10219 - 10232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioturbation Enhances Porosity and Permeability of Mudrocks: Insights from the Ordovician Qasim Formation, Northern Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hassan A. Eltom,&nbsp;Moaz Salih,&nbsp;Korhan Ayranci,&nbsp;Andrew La Croix","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10122-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10122-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mudstones are typically characterized by tight rock textures with low permeability, often acting as vertical barriers when interbedded with sandstone. However, this study presents a different perspective based on an integrated analysis of bioturbated mudstone intervals in the Kahfah Member, Qasim Formation, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Using field observations, high-resolution imaging, and laboratory measurements, the study suggests that bioturbation can enhance vertical fluid transmission through mudstones, allowing them to function as part of the flow unit communicating sandstone units above and below. The mudstone intervals exhibit a bioturbation index of 2–3, with burrows such as <i>Skolithos</i>, <i>Taenidium</i>, <i>Arenicolites</i>, and <i>Palaeophycus</i> filled with silt to fine sandstone. CT scans reveal a three-dimensional network of burrows and laminae, with burrow filling porosity estimated at 15–25% and permeability ranging from 100 to 250 mD. In contrast, the surrounding clay-rich matrix remains low in permeability (&lt; 1 mD). The interbedded sandstone shows porosity of 25–30% and permeability values between 25 and 126 mD. These findings challenge the assumption that mudstones serve as impermeable barriers. Instead, the interconnected burrow networks may facilitate vertical communication between sandstone units. Traditional well log interpretations frequently underestimate the fluid flow potential of mudstones, often classifying them as tight, low-permeability formations. However, bioturbation can significantly enhance the permeability of mudstones, suggesting that their fluid flow potential may be underestimated. This highlights the need for integrating ichnological, petrophysical, and well log data to avoid underestimating permeability and storage capacity, critical for effective reservoir management, aquifers, and injection sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 18","pages":"15065 - 15082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velocity Paused Particle Swarm Optimization-based Intelligent Long Short-Term Memory Framework for Intrusion Detection System in Internet of Medical Things","authors":"Pandit Byomakesha Dash,&nbsp;H. S. Behera,&nbsp;Manas Ranjan Senapati,&nbsp;Janmenjoy Nayak","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10091-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10091-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid advancement of technology in the domain of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) necessitates the implementation of stronger safety measures. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is an essential framework on IoMT networks proposed for identifying suspicious activities and detecting abnormal traffics. The implementation of the IDS framework might use either hardware or software solutions. However, traditional IDS frameworks are often inadequate in protecting data privacy and identifying complex and irregular intrusions specifically for IoMT environments. An improved velocity paused particle swarm optimization (VPPSO) methodology combined with long short-term memory (LSTM) has been proposed in this research to improve security in IoMT environment. The improved attack detection performance of proposed VPPSO_LSTM is achieved by the velocity pausing concept’s ability of VPPSO algorithm, which efficiently balance both exploration and exploitation. This enables an intelligent choice of hyper-parameter configurations for the LSTM architecture. This research has performed a comparative analysis to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model with standard machine learning (ML) models including decision trees (DT), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gradient boosting (GBoost), and CatBoost, as well as other deep learning (DL) methodologies such as LSTM, PSO_LSTM and Firefly Algorithm (FA)_LSTM. Implementing the ECU-IoHT dataset, the proposed VPPSO_LSTM model has been trained and validated for detecting and categorizing several attack types such as Smurf attack, ARP spoofing attack, Nmap port scans and denial-of-service (DoS) attack. For achieving better attack detection performance, the proposed model has been implemented with an optimal set of hyper-parameters including 64 LSTM cells in each LSTM layer, 32 neurons in each hidden layer, “ReLU” activation function for internal layers, dropout rate of 0.1, optimizer as “Adam” and a learning rate of 0. 001. The proposed VPPSO-LSTM approach shows improved performance by highlighting an accuracy score of 99.98%, ROC-AUC score of 0.9999, recall score of 0.9994, precision score of 0.9996 and an F1 score of 0.9995. The proposed VPPSO-LSTM approach makes a significant contribution to improving IoMT security with its optimal hyper-parameters setup and outperforming conventional ML and DL models. This research highlights opportunities for further investigation into efficient, scalable and real-time IDS specifically designed for IoMT environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"16167 - 16197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient k-step Weighted Reachability Queries Processing Algorithms","authors":"Congquan Mei,&nbsp;Junfeng Zhou,&nbsp;Ming Du,&nbsp;Lian Chen,&nbsp;Sheng Yu,&nbsp;Xian Tang,&nbsp;Ziyang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10110-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10110-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given a data graph <i>G</i>, a source vertex <i>u</i>, and a target vertex <i>v</i> of a reachability query, the reachability query is used to answer whether there exists a path from <i>u</i> to <i>v</i> in <i>G</i>. Reachability query processing is one of the fundamental operations in graph data management, which is widely used in biological networks, communication networks, and social networks to assist data analysis. The data graphs in practical applications usually contain information such as quantization weights associated with the structural relationships, in addition to the structural relationships between vertices. Thus, in addition to the traditional reachability relationships, users may want to further understand whether such reachability relationships satisfy specific constraints. In this paper, we study the problem of efficiently processing <i>k</i>-step reachability queries with weighted constraints in weighted graphs. The <i>k</i>-step weighted reachability query questions are used to answer the question of whether there exists a path from a source vertex <i>u</i> to a goal vertex <i>v</i> in a given weighted graph. If it exists, the path needs to satisfy (1) all edges in the path satisfy the given weight constraints, and (2) the length of the path does not exceed the given distance threshold <i>k</i>. To address the problem, firstly, WKRI indexes supporting <i>k</i>-step weighted reachability query processing and index construction methods based on efficient pruning strategies are proposed. Secondly, the idea of constructing indexes based on part of the vertices is proposed to reduce the size of the indexes and two optimized indexes are designed and implemented based on the vertex coverage set to design and implement two optimized indexes GWKRI and LWKRI. Finally, experiments are conducted on several real datasets. The experimental results verify the efficiency of the method proposed in this paper in answering <i>k</i>-step weighted reachability queries.\u0000\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"16149 - 16166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}