Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of Tailings Sand in Sustainable Cement-Based Materials: A Comprehensive Review and Potential Challenges","authors":"Zhangqian Wu,&nbsp;Zening Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Duan,&nbsp;Shaoyun Pu,&nbsp;Ya Chu,&nbsp;Xuening Liu,&nbsp;Ruifeng Chen,&nbsp;Tianren Li","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10351-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10351-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the increasing depletion of natural sand and gravel resources, construction and other businesses have gradually realized the seriousness of the situation. As a potential waste resource, tailings sand (TS) has huge reserves in countries all over the world, but it has not been well recycled. For this reason, this review introduces the basic characteristics of TS and systematically analyzes the applied research progress of TS in cement-based materials (CBMs) over recent years based on CiteSpace software. Based on the above results, the influence of TS on the mechanical properties, durability, and microscopic characteristics, as well as the economic and environmental effects of CBM (e.g., concrete, mortar), is primarily detailed. The existing research has indicated that the moderate content of TS can enhance the mechanical strength and durability of CBM by improving its microstructure. However, challenges such as reduced fluidity and variability in TS properties due to different ore sources remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. For example, studies show that 20–40% TS replacement improves compressive strength by 12 ~ 18% (e.g., ITS: + 15.7% at 30% dosage; CTS: + 9.2% at 20%), while 60% replacement reduces slump by 26–34%. The incorporation of TS into CBM is conducive to promoting sustainable production with favorable economic and environmental benefits. Environmental assessments indicate 18–22% lower CO₂ emissions compared to conventional concrete. Overall, the utilization of TS as a substitute material for fine aggregate or cement has great application value and development potential in CBMs. Finally, this review discusses the feasibility of TS-containing CBM in practical applications and gives some suggestions for its future research focus. The results of this research have important theoretical and engineering implications for the application of TS in construction materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 20","pages":"16297 - 16332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper Inerter Systems for Seismic Control of Base-Isolated and Fixed-Base Structures","authors":"K. K. Kiran,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Al-Osta,&nbsp;Shamsad Ahmad,&nbsp;Ashraf A. Bahraq","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10352-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10352-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the application of enhanced inerter-based control devices is considered to improve broadband vibration control, including optimizing the design of a base-isolated structure featuring a supplementary tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI). The primary response of an undamped single degree of freedom (SDOF), considering relative displacement, velocity, relative accelerations, and force transmitted to the ground, is investigated. Optimal TMDI parameters are evaluated using the hybrid optimization technique, employing numerical search methods. Subsequently, a curve-fitting approach is utilized to derive explicit formulations for TMDI parameters based on the numerical search results and optimal parameters determined through fixed-point theory. The proposed equations demonstrate minimal inaccuracies, rendering them valuable for damped system design. In addition, the primary system’s damping minimally impacts the TMDI’s optimal damping ratio but significantly affects its optimum tuning frequency. Furthermore, the optimally developed TMDI is applied to an SDOF-damped system with both fixed and flexible bases as a supplemental damper. The study extends to incorporate multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems, considering three different case study structural models equipped with TMDIs. The analysis of twenty ground motion excitations on these models highlights the efficiency of the optimal TMDI in controlling seismic behaviors. Particularly, the maximum responses are observed in a nine-story benchmark structure under twenty real ground motion seismic excitations, underscoring the utility of the optimized TMDI in seismic control applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 20","pages":"17153 - 17187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Exchanger Inventory Cost Optimization for Endoreversible Power Cycles with Feedwater Heaters","authors":"Bilal Ahmed Qureshi","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10374-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10374-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the theory for cost optimization of heat exchanger inventory in power cycles is developed for any number of closed and open feedwater heaters (CFH and OFH). For this purpose, endoreversible power cycles are initially analyzed for the following four cases: (i) one CFH with a trap, (ii) one CFH with a mixing chamber, (iii) one CFH before the OFH, and (iv) one CFH after the OFH. Only the most practical scenario of specified power output is studied. The non-dimensional cost function was then generalized, which resulted in the determination of generalized cost optimal equations with respect to the high-side absolute temperature ratio and the fluid temperature ratio along with unit to total cost ratios for all heat exchangers in the system. Based upon these cases, general instructions are provided that can be used to write all relevant cost equations for any number and combination of feedwater heaters in order to remove the need for detailed derivations. A fifth, more complicated, case is studied after this to show the applicability of these guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 17","pages":"14333 - 14349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-Efficient Task Offloading in Multi-server Mobile Edge Computing Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","authors":"Li-hui Zhao,&nbsp;Ji Zhang,&nbsp;Mohamed Jaward Bah,&nbsp;Zhao Li,&nbsp;Josh Jia-Ching Ying,&nbsp;Ammar Muthanna,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Elgendy","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10363-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10363-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for computation-intensive and delay-sensitive services in internet of things (IoT) networks is constrained by the limited computing capacity and battery life of device users, as well as bandwidth limitations in shared communication channels. Mobile-edge computing (MEC) emerges as a promising solution to address these resource limitations by offloading tasks. However, many existing offloading approaches may restrict performance gains due to the overloaded communication channels among multiple users. To tackle these issues, this research aims to develop an energy-efficient task offloading framework for multi-IoT, multi-server edge computing systems. This framework integrates a load balancing algorithm for optimal device distribution, a compression layer to reduce data transmission overhead, and a deep reinforcement learning technique to dynamically make offloading and compression decisions. Additionally, the proposed solution jointly formulates load balancing, task offloading, compression, and communication allocation, aiming to minimize the energy consumption of the entire system. Given the NP-hard nature of this problem, an efficient deep learning-based technique is developed to achieve a near-optimum solution. Finally, experimental results reveal that the model achieves significant energy savings, with reductions of up to 63.96% and 61.87% in local execution and offloading scenarios, respectively, in scenarios with low channel bandwidth availability. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution in enhancing system efficiency and scalability in real-world MEC environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"16221 - 16242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Cementitious Materials: Fresh, Mechanical, Microstructure, and Durability Aspects","authors":"Almotaseembillah Ahmed,&nbsp;Omer Ahmed,&nbsp;Amin Al-Fakih,&nbsp;Imrose B. Muhit","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10376-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10376-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concrete is the second most consumed material globally after water. In 2012, the concrete industry accounted for about 9% of global industrial water use, approximately 1.7% of total global water withdrawals. By 2050, around 75% of the water required for concrete production is expected to come from regions facing water stress. To reduce this pressure on freshwater resources, using wastewater (WW) in cementitious systems has been proposed as a sustainable alternative. However, a comprehensive understanding of how various WW types, such as domestic, industrial, and treated municipal sources affect concrete properties remain limited. This study addresses this gap through a combined bibliometric and systematic review. A five-stage methodology was adopted, beginning with formulating research objectives and data collection from the Scopus database using targeted keywords. A total of 91 relevant publications from 2000 to 2023 were analyzed using the Biblioshiny interface of the Bibliometrix R package to discover trends in research focus and geographic distribution. A subsequent systematic review examined the effects of WW on fresh, mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties of cement-based materials. Findings show a clear increase in publications over the last two decades, indicating rising interest in sustainable concrete. Approximately 45% of studies reported improvements in compressive strength with WW use, 35% found significant increases, and 20% observed no major change. These variations are largely attributed to the chemical composition of WW, including factors like total dissolved solids, suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. An inverse relationship between workability and strength was often well-known. Higher WW replacement ratios typically led to increased porosity, chloride diffusion, and water absorption, posing durability concerns such as reinforcement corrosion. SEM images further showed reduced calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S–H) gel development and increased cracks and voids. Despite growing interest, research gaps remain. Most studies focus on treated municipal WW, with limited attention to other sources. Durability aspects such as sulfate and acid resistance are underexplored, and the impact of WW in curing processes is rarely assessed. More in-depth studies on specific WW treatment methods and their influence on cementitious performance are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 20","pages":"16263 - 16295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Machine Learning and Deep Learning Systems: Achievements and Challenges","authors":"Salma Albelali,&nbsp;Moataz Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10276-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10276-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have driven the integration of learning algorithms-machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models-across various industries, posing new challenges for testing these complex systems. Rigorous testing of ML/DL-based systems (MLSs) is especially critical in high-stakes domains like autonomous driving, healthcare diagnostics, and financial forecasting, where system reliability is paramount. Unlike traditional software, MLS quality relies not only on model architecture and development processes but also significantly on the quality of the training data. This study offers a comprehensive review of MLS testing methodologies, with a focus on the emerging role of Data-Box testing, alongside established Black-Box and White-Box techniques. Data-Box testing assesses training data quality to ensure it meets criteria such as sufficiency and adequacy, bridging Black-Box and White-Box methods to enhance system reliability. The study further addresses the increasing use of mutation testing (MT) in DL, exploring MT techniques and mutation operators to ensure adequate coverage. By synthesizing recent advances, we propose an integrated MLS testing framework that encapsulates these critical aspects, offering insights and highlighting areas for future research to refine MLS testing practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 15","pages":"11433 - 11484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybersecurity Readiness Model Based on Human Factors","authors":"Yusuf Taoheed Abiodun,&nbsp;Sajjad Mahmood,&nbsp;Mahmood Niazi,&nbsp;Mohammad Alshayeb,&nbsp;Azzah A. AlGhamdi","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10349-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10349-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human error is one of the leading causes of data and security breaches, as cybersecurity attackers prey on psychological manipulations to push users into performing unwanted actions or providing information. Humans act as a weak link in cyberattacks, and as a result, organizations are prone to phishing, business email compromise, and malware types of cybersecurity attacks. In this study, we identify the human-centric barriers and success factors that influence an organization's readiness to handle cybersecurity threats. Moreover, we develop a readiness model to help organizations assess and implement security practices for cybersecurity from the human factor perspective. We conducted a multivocal literature review on 120 primary studies to identify human barriers, success factors, and best practices that positively influence cybersecurity. The results show that researchers consider trust, ignorance, and a lack of technological knowledge the significant obstacles, while industry practitioners point to a lack of technological knowledge, negligence, and impulsive or reckless behavior as the primary barriers. On the other hand, knowledge, proactive awareness, and cognitive ability are the most significant success factors from both researchers’ and industry practitioners’ perspectives. We mapped the identified barriers to the CyBOK cybersecurity knowledge areas. Next, we used the identified success factors to develop a cybersecurity readiness model. The readiness model was validated by applying it to a real-world scenario using the case studies approach. This paper provides a knowledge base to develop threat prevention strategies for human factors in cybersecurity and assist organizations in devising approaches to tackle pressing security issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"16199 - 16219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Geothermal Reservoirs: Current Understanding and Future Outlook","authors":"Fahad Khan,&nbsp;Arshad Raza,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud,&nbsp;Shirish Patil,&nbsp;Talal Al Shafloot","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10246-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10246-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Underground geothermal resources as clean energy have gained global attention to fulfill energy needs and contribute towards the carbon net zero goal. However, energy extraction from geothermal resources is not straightforward due to complex underground geological conditions. This review study focuses on key aspects associated with the geothermal energy system, its development, associated challenges, and global projects. The study highlights various stimulation techniques which can be used for the development of geothermal resources. The CO₂ based fracturing method offers dual benefits of fracturing at reduced breakdown pressure and carbon sequestration, while utilization of abandoned oil and gas wells can significantly reduce drilling costs. Additionally, this study discuss about the key operational challenges for the geothermal development including formation damage, cementing failure, and high-temperature drilling constraints, emphasizing the need for advanced materials and monitoring techniques. From an economic perspective, drilling remains the most capital-intensive phase, particularly in EGS projects. Global project analyses further show that, while geothermal adoption is growing, wider scalability requires targeted policy support and technology innovation. This comprehensive review covers geothermal extraction from its exploration to production, enhancing knowledge about these resources and their significant contribution to a sustainable energy future. Our findings emphasize the need for continued innovation in drilling and extraction technologies as well as a deeper understanding of geomechanical properties of geothermal reservoirs. Future research should focus on optimizing these systems to enhance their efficiency and reduce environmental impacts, for broader adoption and integration into the overall energy supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 18","pages":"14415 - 14439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irpex lacteus: A Multifaceted Fungal Powerhouse—Exploring its Industrial Applications, Secondary Metabolites, and Biological Activities","authors":"Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Hani Z. Asfour,&nbsp;Nabil A. Alhakamy,&nbsp;Mohammed W. Al-Rabia,&nbsp;Hossam M. Abdallah,&nbsp;Duaa Fahad ALsiyud,&nbsp;Tahany Abdulaziz AlZahrany,&nbsp;Gamal A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10258-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10258-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Irpex lacteus</i> (Fr.) Fr. (white rot, milk-white toothed polypore) is a wood-decaying fungus belonging to Irpicaceae family. This fungus has been utilized as a folk remedy for hypertension, edema, and oliguria, and its polysaccharide fraction (Yishenkang) is clinically used to cure glomerulonephritis in China. <i>Irpex lacteus</i> biosynthesizes different classes of secondary metabolites, including sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, alkaloids, furan derivatives, azaphilones, and xanthones. <i>Irpex lacteus</i> has the potential to produce various enzymes with wide biotechnological relevance. The current review surveyed the reported metabolites from <i>I. lacteus</i>, including their structures and biological properties, as well as their biosynthetic pathways. Also, the biotechnological and industrial importance of <i>I. lacteus</i> has been discussed. In this work, 213 secondary metabolites were reported from this fungus from 1981 to June 2024. Meanwhile, these metabolites` bioactivities mainly involve antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, nematocidal, antifeedant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase. Interestingly, sesquiterpenoids constitute the main chemical compounds reported from <i>I. lacteus</i>, accounting for 46 percent (99 compounds). <i>Irpex lacteus</i> possesses marked potential applications in lignin degradation, bioremediation, bio-bleaching, ethanol production, and milk clotting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 18","pages":"14371 - 14414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actuated Rotational Adaptive Optics in Shaping the Next Generation of Optical Systems: An In-Depth Analysis","authors":"Ammar Alzaydi,&nbsp;Ahmed A. D. Sarhan,&nbsp;Mohamed Khalifa","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10230-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10230-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Actuated rotational adaptive optics has emerged as a pivotal advancement in the realm of optical engineering, particularly enhancing the capability to correct complex wavefront aberrations more effectively than traditional adaptive optics systems. This study provides a comprehensive examination of these advancements through detailed theoretical modeling complemented by empirical analyses across various practical applications, including astronomical observation and medical imaging. Our findings indicate that actuated rotational adaptive optics significantly enhances image resolution and adaptability of systems under dynamic operational conditions, leading to improved performance in both typical and extreme environmental scenarios. These results underscore the transformative potential of this technology, suggesting extensive applications that could redefine the boundaries of current optical systems and offer substantial improvements in fields requiring high-precision optical corrections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 17","pages":"13469 - 13501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}