Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience最新文献_第7页

Neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling . 大麻素受体信号的神经生物学 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/blutz

Beat Lutz

{"title":"Neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling\u2029.","authors":"Beat Lutz","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/blutz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/blutz","url":null,"abstract":"The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a highly versatile signaling system within the nervous system. Despite its widespread localization, its functions within the context of distinct neural processes are very well discernable and specific. This is remarkable, and the question remains as to how such specificity is achieved. One key player in the ECS is the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), a G protein-coupled receptor characterized by the complexity of its cell-specific expression, cellular and subcellular localization, and its adaptable regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. CB1 receptors are involved in different synaptic and cellular plasticity processes and in the brain's bioenergetics in a context-specific manner. CB2 receptors are also important in several processes in neurons, glial cells, and immune cells of the brain. As polymorphisms in ECS components, as well as external impacts such as stress and metabolic challenges, can both lead to dysregulated ECS activity and subsequently to possible neuropsychiatric disorders, pharmacological intervention targeting the ECS is a promising therapeutic approach. Understanding the neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling in depth will aid optimal design of therapeutic interventions, minimizing unwanted side effects.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"22 3","pages":"207-222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/5c/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-207.PMC7605026.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38586548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in reward processing and addiction: from mechanisms to interventions . 大麻素和内源性大麻素系统在奖励处理和成瘾:从机制到干预 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/rspanagel

Rainer Spanagel

{"title":"Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in reward processing and addiction: from mechanisms to interventions\u2029.","authors":"Rainer Spanagel","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/rspanagel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/rspanagel","url":null,"abstract":"The last decades have seen a major gain in understanding the action of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in reward processing and the development of addictive behavior. Cannabis-derived psychoactive compounds such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids directly interact with the reward system and thereby have addictive properties. Cannabinoids induce their reinforcing properties by an increase in tonic dopamine levels through a cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor-dependent mechanism within the ventral tegmental area. Cues that are conditioned to cannabis smoking can induce drug-seeking responses (ie, craving) by eliciting phasic dopamine events. A dopamine-independent mechanism involved in drug-seeking responses involves an endocannabinoid/glutamate interaction within the corticostriatal part of the reward system. In conclusion, pharmacological blockade of endocannabinoid signaling should lead to a reduction in drug craving and subsequently should reduce relapse behavior in addicted individuals. Indeed, there is increasing preclinical evidence that targeting the endocannabinoid system reduces craving and relapse, and allosteric modulators at CB1 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors are in clinical development for cannabis use disorder. Cannabidiol, which mainly acts on CB1 and CB2 receptors, is currently being tested in patients with alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"22 3","pages":"241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/ea/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-241.PMC7605022.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Cannabis points to the synaptic pathology of mental disorders: how aberrant synaptic components disrupt the highest psychological functions . 大麻指出了精神疾病的突触病理学:异常的突触成分如何破坏最高的心理功能 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pmorrison

Paul D Morrison, Robin M Murray

{"title":"Cannabis points to the synaptic pathology of mental disorders: how aberrant synaptic components disrupt the highest psychological functions\u2029.","authors":"Paul D Morrison, Robin M Murray","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pmorrison","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pmorrison","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis can elicit an acute psychotic reaction, and its long-term use is a risk factor for schizophrenia. The main active psychoactive ingredient ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) activates cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors, which are localized to the terminals of glutamate and GABA neurons in the brain. The endogenous cannabinoids are involved in information processing and plasticity at synapses in the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Exogenously applied CB1 receptor agonists disrupt neuronal dynamics and synaptic plasticity, resulting in cognitive deficits and impairment of the highest psychological functions. Various other pro-psychotic drugs, such as ketamine and methamphetamine, exert their effects in the same microdomain of synaptic spines as Δ9-THC. Additionally, many of the most robust findings in psychiatric genetics include components that localize to dendritic spines and have important roles in information processing and plasticity.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"22 3","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/f2/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-251.PMC7605021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Cannabinoids and their therapeutic applications in mental disorders . 大麻素及其在精神疾病中的治疗应用 .

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pfadda

Maria Scherma, Anna Lisa Muntoni, Gernot Riedel, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda

{"title":"Cannabinoids and their therapeutic applications in mental disorders\u2029.","authors":"Maria Scherma, Anna Lisa Muntoni, Gernot Riedel, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pfadda","DOIUrl":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pfadda","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorders represent a significant public health burden worldwide due to their high prevalence, chronically disabling nature, and substantial impact on quality of life. Despite growing knowledge of the pathological mechanisms that underlie the development of these disorders, a high percentage of patients do not respond to first-line clinical treatments; thus, there is a strong need for alternative therapeutic approaches. During the past half-century, after the identification of the endocannabinoid system and its role in multiple physiological processes, both natural and synthetic cannabinoids have attracted considerable interest as putative medications in pathological conditions such as, but not exclusive to, mental disorders. Here, we provide a summary of cannabinoid effects in support of possible therapeutic applications for major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. Considering this evidence, highlighted benefits and risks of cannabinoid use in the management of these illnesses require further experimental study.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"22 3","pages":"271-279"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/0e/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-271.PMC7605020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The costs and benefits of cannabis control policies . 大麻管制政策的成本与收益 .

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/whall

Wayne Hall

{"title":"The costs and benefits of cannabis control policies\u2029.","authors":"Wayne Hall","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/whall","DOIUrl":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/whall","url":null,"abstract":"As is the case for most drugs, cannabis use has costs and benefits, and so do the policies that attempt to minimize the first and maximize the second. This article summarizes what we know about the harmful effects of recreational cannabis use and the benefits of medical cannabis use under the policy of prohibition that prevailed in developed countries until 2012. It outlines three broad ways in which cannabis prohibition may be relaxed, namely, the depenalization of personal possession and use, the legalization of medical use, and the legalization of adult recreational use. It reviews evidence to date on the impacts of each of these forms of liberalization on the costs and benefits of cannabis use. It makes some plausible conjectures about the future impacts of the commercialization of cannabis using experience from the commercialization of the alcohol, tobacco, and gambling industries. Cannabis policy entails unavoidable trade-offs between competing social values in the face of considerable uncertainty about the effects that more liberal cannabis policies will have on cannabis use and its consequences for better or worse.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"22 3","pages":"281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/33/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-281.PMC7605025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The legalization of cannabinoid products and standardizing cannabis-drug development in the United States: a brief report . 美国大麻素产品合法化和大麻药物开发标准化:简要报告 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/jmarcu

Jahan Marcu

引用次数: 5

The endocannabinoid system in modulating fear, anxiety, and stress . 调节恐惧、焦虑和压力的内源性大麻素系统 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/rmaldonado

Rafael Maldonado, David Cabañero, Elena Martín-García

引用次数: 26

The endocannabinoidome as a substrate for noneuphoric phytocannabinoid action and gut microbiome dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders . 内源性大麻素作为神经精神疾病中非愉悦性植物大麻素作用和肠道微生物组功能障碍的底物 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/vdimarzo

Vincenzo Di Marzo

{"title":"The endocannabinoidome as a substrate for noneuphoric phytocannabinoid action and gut microbiome dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders\u2029.","authors":"Vincenzo Di Marzo","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/vdimarzo","DOIUrl":"10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/vdimarzo","url":null,"abstract":"The endocannabinoid (eCB) system encompasses the eCBs anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, their anabolic/catabolic enzymes, and the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Its expansion to include several eCB-like lipid mediators, their metabolic enzymes, and their molecular targets, forms the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). This complex signaling system is deeply involved in the onset, progress, and symptoms of major neuropsychiatric disorders and provides a substrate for future therapeutic drugs against these diseases. Such drugs may include not only THC, the major psychotropic component of cannabis, but also other, noneuphoric plant cannabinoids. These compounds, unlike THC, possess a wide therapeutic window, possibly due to their capability of hitting several eCBome and non-eCBome receptors. This is particularly true for cannabidiol, which is one of the most studied cannabinoids and shows promise for the treatment of a wide range of mental and mood disorders. The eCBome plays a role also in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which is emerging as an important actor in the control of affective and cognitive functions and in their pathological alterations.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"22 3","pages":"259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/a0/DialoguesClinNeurosci-22-259.PMC7605024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

First case report of tDCS efficacy in severe chemsex addiction . tDCS治疗重度化学性成瘾首例报道 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/lmalandain

Léo Malandain, Jean-Victor Blanc, Florian Ferreri, Timothée Giorgiadis, Sophie Mosser, Stéphane Mouchabac, Florence Thibaut

引用次数: 7

Adolescent development and growing divides in the digital age . 青少年发展和数字时代日益扩大的鸿沟 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/codgers

Candice L Odgers, Michaeline R Jensen

引用次数: 15