Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

A global neuronal workspace model of functional neurological disorders. 功能性神经紊乱的全局神经元工作区模型。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2340131

Lionel Naccache, Esteban Munoz-Musat

引用次数: 0

Microcephaly type 22 and autism spectrum disorder: A case report and review of literature. 小头畸形 22 型和自闭症谱系障碍：病例报告和文献综述。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2359918

Jiqiang Ma, Yu'e Liu, Kaijun Zhao

{"title":"Microcephaly type 22 and autism spectrum disorder: A case report and review of literature.","authors":"Jiqiang Ma, Yu'e Liu, Kaijun Zhao","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2359918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2359918","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a multifaceted etiology. This case report explores the ischemic cryptogenic vascular dissection as a potential underlying cause of ASD.Methods: A 9-year-old child presented with symptoms of ASD, including social interaction difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive challenges. Despite conventional ASD treatments, significant improvement was only observed after addressing an underlying ischemic cryptogenic vascular dissection identified through DCE-CT.Results: Following a reconstructive treatment approach to the vascular dissection, the patient showed marked improvement in cognitive functions, social abilities, and a reduction in ASD-related symptoms whether during the perioperative period or during approximately 5-month follow-up.Conclusion: This case suggests that ischemic cryptogenic vascular dissection may contribute to the symptoms of ASD. Identifying and treating underlying vascular anomalies may offer a new avenue for mitigating ASD symptoms, emphasizing the need for comprehensive diagnostic estimations in ASD management.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the influence of team-based learning on medical students' comprehension and attitudes regarding psychedelic therapies. 研究团队学习对医科学生理解和看待迷幻疗法的影响。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2398456

Shiven Chaudhry, Anne E Weisman, Molly Hagen, Kathryn L S Pauli, Burton J Tabaac

{"title":"Examining the influence of team-based learning on medical students' comprehension and attitudes regarding psychedelic therapies.","authors":"Shiven Chaudhry, Anne E Weisman, Molly Hagen, Kathryn L S Pauli, Burton J Tabaac","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2398456","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2398456","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study evaluates the impact of a two-hour team-based learning (TBL) curriculum on medical students' knowledge, comprehension, ethical understanding, and attitudes towards psychedelic therapies.Methods: Sixty-three pre-surveys and fifty post-surveys assessed students' perceived knowledge and attitudes using Likert scales. Forty-eight matched pre/post-knowledge tests with multiple-choice questions quantified changes in comprehension. The TBL approach featured independent learning, team readiness assessments, and application exercises.Results: Post-curriculum, students demonstrated significantly improved test scores (mean 41.4% increase, p < 0.0001) and more positive attitudes across 16 of 18 items (p ≤ 0.0495). Overall attitude scores increased 23% (p < 0.0001). Qualitative feedback reflected enhanced comfort discussing psychedelics clinically. While some students expressed support for psychedelic-assisted therapy, others cited reservations.Discussion: This innovative curriculum bridged an important education gap given the increasing relevance of psychedelic medicine. Findings suggest TBL enhances medical student preparedness in this emerging field. Continued curricular development is warranted to ensure proper psychedelic education aligns with patient needs and legislative policies. As psychedelic research progresses, maintaining instructional excellence is crucial for future healthcare professionals.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should dietary restrictions be imposed on Alzheimer's Disease patients affected by type 2 diabetes? 是否应对受 2 型糖尿病影响的阿尔茨海默病患者实施饮食限制？

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2392491

Cristina Ștefănescu, Michael Davidson

{"title":"Should dietary restrictions be imposed on Alzheimer's Disease patients affected by type 2 diabetes?","authors":"Cristina Ștefănescu, Michael Davidson","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2392491","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2392491","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antidiabetic drugs, reduction of carbohydrates intake, maintaining normal weight and physical activity are the cornerstone of diabetes 2 treatment.Methods: This opinion article is not intended to challenge hundreds of studies unequivocally demonstrating the benefits of a healthy lifestyle including appropriate diet in controlling the consequences of T2DM. The article questions whether the benefits of dietary restrictions for the management of T2D in older adults who are already demented, are worth the potential detrimental effects on quality of life for the patients and their caregivers, as well as the effects of dietary restrictions on frailty, sarcopenia.Discussion: However, the benefit of dietary restrictions including carbohydrates restrictions, might not manifest in elderly Alzheimer and vascular dementia patients with type 2 diabetes. On the contrary, such restrictions might hinder the patients' and caregiver's quality of life and encumber attempts to maintain normal weight in a population which tends to be underweight. Therefore, the benefit/risk ratio of dietary restriction should be weighed in this population on an individual basis.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11332299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of testosterone-lowering medication on recidivism in individuals convicted of sexual offenses. 降低睾酮的药物对性犯罪累犯的影响。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2359923

Julia Sauter, Laura M Lingenti, Martin Rettenberger, Daniel Turner, Peer Briken, Tatjana Voß

{"title":"The impact of testosterone-lowering medication on recidivism in individuals convicted of sexual offenses.","authors":"Julia Sauter, Laura M Lingenti, Martin Rettenberger, Daniel Turner, Peer Briken, Tatjana Voß","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2359923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2359923","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Treatment of individuals who have committed sexual offences with Testosterone-Lowering Medication (TLM) is a comparatively intrusive kind of intervention, which regularly takes place in coercive contexts. Thus, the question of efficacy, but also the question of who should be treated, when and for how long, are of great importance.Methods: Recidivism rates of TLM-treated high-risk individuals (+TLM; n = 54) were compared with high-risk individuals treated with psychotherapy only in the same forensic outpatient clinic (-TLM; n = 79).Results: Group differences suggested a higher initial risk of + TLM (e.g. higher ris-assessment, previous convictions). Despite the increased risk, after an average time at risk of six years, +TLM recidivated significantly less often and significantly later than - TLM (27.8% vs. 51.9%). Such an effect was also found for violent (1.9% vs. 15.2%), but not for sexual (5.6% vs. 10.1%) and serious recidivism (5.6% vs. 10.1%), which could be explained partly by the small number of cases. In the course of treatment, TLM proved to be a significant variable for a positive process, whereas a high risk-assessment score indicated a rather negative course. In total, n = 19 individuals had stopped their TLM treatment, of these 31.6% recidivated.Conclusion: The results support the efficacy of TLM, particularly in the group of high-risk offenders.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictive values of pre-treatment brain age models to rTMS effects in neurocognitive disorder with depression: Secondary analysis of a randomised sham-controlled clinical trial. 治疗前脑年龄模型对神经认知障碍伴抑郁症患者经颅磁刺激效应的预测价值：随机假对照临床试验的二次分析。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2373075

Hanna Lu, Jing Li, Sandra Sau Man Chan, Suk Ling Ma, Vincent Chung Tong Mok, Lin Shi, Arthur Dun-Ping Mak, Linda Chiu Wa Lam

{"title":"Predictive values of pre-treatment brain age models to rTMS effects in neurocognitive disorder with depression: Secondary analysis of a randomised sham-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Hanna Lu, Jing Li, Sandra Sau Man Chan, Suk Ling Ma, Vincent Chung Tong Mok, Lin Shi, Arthur Dun-Ping Mak, Linda Chiu Wa Lam","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2373075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2373075","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One major challenge in developing personalised repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is that the treatment responses exhibited high inter-individual variations. Brain morphometry might contribute to these variations. This study sought to determine whether individual's brain morphometry could predict the rTMS responders and remitters.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from a randomised clinical trial that included fifty-five patients over the age of 60 with both comorbid depression and neurocognitive disorder. Based on magnetic resonance imaging scans, estimated brain age was calculated with morphometric features using a support vector machine. Brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) was computed as the difference between brain age and chronological age.Results: The rTMS responders and remitters had younger brain age. Every additional year of brain-PAD decreased the odds of relieving depressive symptoms by ∼25.7% in responders (Odd ratio [OR] = 0.743, p = .045) and by ∼39.5% in remitters (OR = 0.605, p = .022) in active rTMS group. Using brain-PAD score as a feature, responder-nonresponder classification accuracies of 85% (3rd week) and 84% (12th week), respectively were achieved.Conclusion: In elderly patients, younger brain age appears to be associated with better treatment responses to active rTMS. Pre-treatment brain age models informed by morphometry might be used as an indicator to stratify suitable patients for rTMS treatment.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR-IOR-16008191.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between methamphetamine use disorder and SLC18A1, SLC18A2, BDNF, and FAAH gene sequence variants and expression levels. 甲基苯丙胺使用障碍与 SLC18A1、SLC18A2、BDNF 和 FAAH 基因序列变异和表达水平之间的关系。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2413476

Alexandre A Guerin, Briana Spolding, Kiymet Bozaoglu, Courtney Swinton, Zoe Liu, Bruna Panizzutti Parry, Trang Truong, Brian Dean, Andrew J Lawrence, Yvonne Bonomo, Eric J Nestler, Peter J Hamilton, Michael Berk, Susan Rossell, Ken Walder, Jee Hyun Kim

{"title":"Associations between methamphetamine use disorder and SLC18A1, SLC18A2, BDNF, and FAAH gene sequence variants and expression levels.","authors":"Alexandre A Guerin, Briana Spolding, Kiymet Bozaoglu, Courtney Swinton, Zoe Liu, Bruna Panizzutti Parry, Trang Truong, Brian Dean, Andrew J Lawrence, Yvonne Bonomo, Eric J Nestler, Peter J Hamilton, Michael Berk, Susan Rossell, Ken Walder, Jee Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2024.2413476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19585969.2024.2413476","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Assessing candidate gene sequence variations and expression helps to understand methamphetamine use disorder and inform potential treatments. We investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression in four candidate genes: SLC18A1, SLC18A2, BDNF, and FAAH, between controls and people with methamphetamine use disorder.Methods: Fifty-nine participants (29 people with methamphetamine use disorder and 30 controls) completed a clinical interview, cognitive tasks, and provided a blood sample. SLC18A1, SLC18A2, BDNF, and FAAH SNPs were genotyped, and gene expression was assessed with real-time quantitative PCR.Results: SLC18A1 Pro4Thr was associated with methamphetamine use disorder (OR = 6.22; p = .007). SLC18A2 variants, rs363227 and rs363387, were negatively associated with methamphetamine use severity (p = .003) and positively associated with inhibitory control performance (p = .006), respectively. BDNF Val66Met was associated with the severity of use (p = .008). SLC18A2 and FAAH mRNA levels were lower in people who use methamphetamine relative to controls (p = .021 and .010, respectively).Conclusions: SLC18A1 is identified for the first time to play a potential role in methamphetamine use disorder. Lower levels of blood SLC18A2 and FAAH mRNA in people with methamphetamine use disorder suggest reduced monoamine reuptake, recycling, or release, and higher anandamide levels in this clinical group, which may be potential therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicidality risk after using cannabis and cannabinoids: An umbrella review. 使用大麻和大麻素后的自杀风险:概括性综述。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2231466

Ahmad Shamabadi, Ali Ahmadzade, Kasra Pirahesh, Alireza Hasanzadeh, Hassan Asadigandomani

{"title":"Suicidality risk after using cannabis and cannabinoids: An umbrella review.","authors":"Ahmad Shamabadi, Ali Ahmadzade, Kasra Pirahesh, Alireza Hasanzadeh, Hassan Asadigandomani","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2023.2231466","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2023.2231466","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence and burden of suicide have led to numerous studies to identify its risk factors. Cannabis is the most common illicit substance detected in suicide victims' toxicology tests. This study aims to identify and appraise systematic reviews investigating suicidality after using cannabis and cannabinoids. Seven databases and two registries were searched without restrictions for systematic reviews investigating cannabis effects on suicidality. AMSTAR-2 was used for quality assessment and corrected covered area and citation matrix were used to determine overlap. Twenty-five studies were included, of which 24 were on recreational use and one was on therapeutic use. Only three of the studies on recreational use reported no effect or inconsistent results. Evidence generally showed a positive association between cannabis use and suicidal ideation and attempt among the general population, military veterans, and bipolar or major depression patients. A bidirectional causal association between cannabis and suicidal ideation was also mentioned. Moreover, a younger age of initiation, long-term use, and heavy consumption were reported to be associated with even worse suicidal outcomes. On the contrary, current evidence indicates that the therapeutic cannabis is safe. In conclusion, the literature supports the cannabis-suicidality association in recreational use but considers cannabidiol safe for treatment. Further studies with quantitative and interventional approaches are recommended.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/fd/TDCN_25_2231466.PMC10334849.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of negative life events and their relationships with alcohol and cannabis use initiation. 消极生活事件的神经相关性及其与酒精和大麻使用开始的关系。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2252437

Yihong Zhao, Marc N Potenza, Susan F Tapert, Martin P Paulus

{"title":"Neural correlates of negative life events and their relationships with alcohol and cannabis use initiation.","authors":"Yihong Zhao, Marc N Potenza, Susan F Tapert, Martin P Paulus","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2023.2252437","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2023.2252437","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Negative life events (NLEs), e.g., poor academic performance (controllable) or being the victim of a crime (uncontrollable), can profoundly affect the trajectory of one's life. Yet, their impact on how the brain develops is still not well understood. This investigation examined the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) dataset for the impact of NLEs on the initiation of alcohol and cannabis use, as well as underlying neural mechanisms.Methods: This study evaluated the impact of controllable and uncontrollable NLEs on substance use initiation in 207 youth who initiated alcohol use, 168 who initiated cannabis use, and compared it to 128 youth who remained substance-naïve, using generalised linear regression models. Mediation analyses were conducted to determine neural pathways of NLE impacting substance use trajectories.Results: Dose-response relationships between controllable NLEs and substance use initiation were observed. Having one controllable NLE increased the odds of alcohol initiation by 50% (95%CI [1.18, 1.93]) and cannabis initiation by 73% (95%CI [1.36, 2.24]), respectively. Greater cortical thickness in left banks of the superior temporal sulcus mediated effects of controllable NLEs on alcohol and cannabis initiations. Greater left caudate gray-matter volumes mediated effects of controllable NLEs on cannabis initiation.Conclusions: Controllable but not uncontrollable NLEs increased the odds of alcohol and cannabis initiation. Moreover, those individuals with less mature brain structures at the time of the NLEs experienced a greater impact of NLEs on subsequent initiation of alcohol or cannabis use. Targeting youth experiencing controllable NLEs may help mitigate alcohol and cannabis initiation.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10623894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urbanicity and psychotic disorders: Facts and hypotheses. 都市化与精神病:事实与假设。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2272824

Baptiste Pignon, Andrei Szöke, Benson Ku, Maria Melchior, Franck Schürhoff

{"title":"Urbanicity and psychotic disorders: Facts and hypotheses.","authors":"Baptiste Pignon, Andrei Szöke, Benson Ku, Maria Melchior, Franck Schürhoff","doi":"10.1080/19585969.2023.2272824","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19585969.2023.2272824","url":null,"abstract":"In the present qualitative literature review, we summarise data on psychotic disorders and urbanicity, focusing particularly on recent findings. Longitudinal studies of the impact of urbanicity on the risk for psychotic disorders have consistently shown a significant association, with a relative risk between 2 and 2.5. However, most of the original studies were conducted in Western Europe, and no incidence studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. European studies suggest that neighbourhood-level social fragmentation and social capital may partly explain this association. Exposure to air pollution (positive association) and green space (negative association) may also be part of the explanation, but to date, available data do not make it possible to conclude if they act independently from urbanicity, or as part of the effect of urbanicity on psychotic disorders. Finally, several studies have consistently shown significant associations between the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and urbanicity, with several possible explanations (pleiotropic effects, results of prodromic symptoms, or selection/intergenerational hypothesis). Thus, more studies are needed to understand the factors that explain the association between urbanicity and the risk of psychotic disorders. Further studies should account for the interdependence and/or interactions of different psychosocial and physical exposures (as well as gene-environment interactions), and explore this association in low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10986450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0