Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

Nonpharmacological treatment of dyscognition in schizophrenia: effects  of aerobic exercise  精神分裂症认知障碍的非药物治疗:有氧运动的影响

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt

I. Maurus, A. Röh, P. Falkai, B. Malchow, A. Schmitt, A. Hasan

{"title":"Nonpharmacological treatment of dyscognition in schizophrenia: effects \u2028of aerobic exercise\u2029","authors":"I. Maurus, A. Röh, P. Falkai, B. Malchow, A. Schmitt, A. Hasan","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia and are related to an unfavorable disease outcome. So far, there are no satisfactory pharmacological approaches to address cognitive symptoms. For some time now, aerobic exercise has been demonstrated in various trials to be a promising candidate for this indication. The aim of this brief qualitative review was to present the most recent meta-analyses regarding the capacity of exercise to improve cognition in schizophrenia patients. Additionally, we give a short overview of the effects in other conditions, like healthy subjects and patients with major depression. We conducted a focused literature search using the PubMed database, concentrating on meta-analyses which are based on a systematic search. The most recent meta-analysis investigating the efficacy of aerobic exercise on cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients provides evidence that exercise has positive effects on cognitive functioning in this population. However, the effect seems not to be specific; there were positive findings regarding healthy subjects and patients with depressive disorders as well, even if they were less consistent. As most available trials have a small to modest sample size and have no consensus with regard to the intervention regime, nor to the assessment of cognition, the findings are difficult to generalize. In the future, standardized clinical trials focusing on the long-term effects of exercise are needed to evaluate whether the improvements in cognition are sustainable.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"261 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42360005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in nondementing mental health disorders  非痴呆性精神健康障碍中认知缺陷的药物治疗

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins

T. Robbins

{"title":"Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in nondementing mental health disorders\u2029","authors":"T. Robbins","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence for pharmacological remediation of cognitive deficits in three major psychiatric disorders—attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and depression—is reviewed. ADHD is effectively treated with the stimulant medications methylphenidate and d-amphetamine, as well as nonstimulants such as atomoxetine, implicating cognitive enhancing effects mediated by noradrenaline and dopamine. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remains unclear. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are less effectively treated, but attempts via a variety of neurotransmitter strategies are surveyed. The possibility of treating cognitive deficits in depression via antidepressant medication (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and by adjunctive drug treatment has only recently received attention because of confounding, or possibly interactive, effects on mood. Prospects for future advances in this important area may need to take into account transdiagnostic perspectives on cognition (including neurodegenerative diseases) as well as improvements in neuropsychological, neurobiological, and clinical trial design approaches to cognitive enhancement.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"301 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46399727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Cognition in psychiatry  精神病学认知

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/fthibaut

Sonia Acuna-Vargas, F. Thibaut

引用次数: 0

Assessing behavior and cognition in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans: where are the limits of translation?  评估啮齿类动物、非人类灵长类动物和人类的行为和认知：翻译的极限在哪里？

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/mrossner

M. Stephan, Paul Volkmann, M. Rossner

{"title":"Assessing behavior and cognition in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans: where are the limits of translation?\u2029","authors":"M. Stephan, Paul Volkmann, M. Rossner","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/mrossner","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/mrossner","url":null,"abstract":"New psychopharmacological treatments are needed for affective and nonaffective psychoses, especially for the associated negative and cognitive symptoms. Earlier developments mostly failed, probably partly because of limitations in behavioral models used for validation. Now, deeper understanding of the genetics underlying disease pathogenesis and progress in genetic engineering will generate many rodent models with increased construct validity. To improve these models’ translational value, we need complementary data from nonhuman primates. We also have to improve and streamline behavioral test systems to cope with increased demand. Here, we propose a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery that should overcome the disadvantages of single tests and yield cognitive/behavioral profiles for modeling subsets of patient symptoms. Further, we delineate a concept for classifying disease-relevant cognitive endophenotypes to balance between face and construct validity and clinical diagnostics. In summary, this review discusses new concepts and the limitations and future potential of translational research on cognition in psychiatry.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"249 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature  计算机游戏对认知、大脑结构和功能的影响：对现有文献的批判性反思

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn

S. Kühn, J. Gallinat, Anna Mascherek

{"title":"Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature\u2029","authors":"S. Kühn, J. Gallinat, Anna Mascherek","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn","url":null,"abstract":"Video gaming as a popular form of leisure activity and its effect on cognition, brain function, and structure has come into focus in the field of neuroscience. Visuospatial cognition and attention seem to benefit the most, whereas for executive functions, memory, and general cognition, the results are contradictory. The particular characteristics of video games driving these effects remain poorly understood. We critically discuss major challenges for the existing research, namely, the lack of precise definitions of video gaming, the lack of distinct choice of cognitive ability under study, and the lack of standardized study protocols. Less research exists on neural changes in addition to cognitive changes due to video gaming. Existing studies reveal evidence for the involvement of similar brain regions in functional and structural changes. There seems to be a predominance in the hippocampal, prefrontal, and parietal brain regions; however, studies differ immensely, which makes a meta-analytic interpretation vulnerable. We conclude that theoretical work is urgently needed.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"319 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48079379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

How evolutionary psychiatry can advance psychopharmacology  进化精神病学如何推动精神药理学

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/rnesse

R. Nesse, Dan J Stein

引用次数: 4

Treating psychiatric symptoms and disorders with non-psychotropic medications  用非精神药物治疗精神症状和紊乱

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/vhede

V. Hede, C. Devillé

引用次数: 5

Future paths in psychopharmacology  精神药理学的未来之路

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/fthibaut

F. Thibaut

引用次数: 1

The “systems approach” to treating the brain: opportunities in developmental psychopharmacology  治疗大脑的“系统方法”：发展精神药理学的机遇

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/lloiacono

S. Bussone, L. Lo Iacono

{"title":"The “systems approach” to treating the brain: opportunities in developmental psychopharmacology\u2029","authors":"S. Bussone, L. Lo Iacono","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/lloiacono","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/lloiacono","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of early life for the long-term programming of mental health is increasingly being recognized. However, most psychotropic medications are currently intended for adult patients, and early psychopharmacological approaches aimed at reverting aberrant neurodevelopmental trajectories are missing. Psychopharmacologic intervention at an early age faces the challenge of operating in a highly plastic system and requires a comprehensive knowledge of neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Recently the systems biology approach has contributed to the understanding of neuroplasticity mechanisms from a new perspective that interprets them as the result of complex and dynamic networks of signals from different systems. This approach is creating opportunities for developmental psychopharmacology, suggesting novel targets that can modulate the course of development by interfering with neuroplasticity at an early age. We will discuss two interconnected systems—the immune and gut microbiota—that regulate neurodevelopment and that have been implicated in preclinical research as new targets in the prevention of aberrant brain development.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"211 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43423856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Harnessing the microbiota to treat neurological diseases  利用微生物群治疗神经系统疾病

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/nsurana

N. Surana

引用次数: 2