Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

Cognition in Mental Health 心理健康中的认知

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.3

引用次数: 0

Dysfunctional neurocognition in individuals with clinically significant psychopathic traits  具有临床显著精神病特征的个体的功能性神经认知障碍

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/rblair

R. Blair

引用次数: 8

Domains of cognition and their assessment  认知领域及其评估

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/pharvey

Philip D. Harvey

引用次数: 207

Cognition and addiction  认知与成瘾

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/gdom

A. Verdéjo-Garcia, G. García-Fernández, G. Dom

{"title":"Cognition and addiction\u2029","authors":"A. Verdéjo-Garcia, G. García-Fernández, G. Dom","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/gdom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/gdom","url":null,"abstract":"In this targeted review, we summarize current knowledge on substance-use disorder (SUD)-related cognitive deficits, the link between these deficits and clinical outcomes, and the cognitive training, remediation, and pharmacological approaches that have the potential to rescue cognition. We conclude that: (i) people with SUDs have moderate deficits in memory, attention, executive functions, and decision-making (including reward expectancy, valuation, and learning); (ii) deficits in higher-order executive functions and decision-making are significant predictors of relapse; (iii) cognitive training programs targeting reward-related appetitive biases, cognitive remediation strategies targeting goal-based decision-making, and pharmacotherapies targeting memory, attention, and impulsivity have potential to rescue SUD-related cognitive deficits. We suggest avenues for future research, including developing brief, clinically oriented harmonized cognitive testing suites to improve individualized prediction of treatment outcomes; computational modeling that can achieve deep phenotyping of cognitive subtypes likely to respond to different interventions; and phenotype-targeted cognitive, pharmacological, and combined interventions. We conclude with a tentative model of neuroscience-informed precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"281 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43959656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Cognitive impairment in psychotic illness: prevalence, profile of impairment, developmental course, and treatment considerations . 精神疾病中的认知障碍:患病率、损害概况、发展过程和治疗考虑

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/amccleery

Amanda McCleery, Keith H Nuechterlein

引用次数: 91

The synaptic pathology of cognitive life  认知生活的突触病理学

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/whoner

W. Honer, A. Ramos-Miguel, J. Alamri, K. Sawada, A. Barr, J. Schneider, D. Bennett

{"title":"The synaptic pathology of cognitive life\u2029","authors":"W. Honer, A. Ramos-Miguel, J. Alamri, K. Sawada, A. Barr, J. Schneider, D. Bennett","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/whoner","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/whoner","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective, community-based studies allow evaluation of associations between cognitive functioning and synaptic measures, controlled for age-related pathologies. Findings from >400 community-based participants are reviewed. Levels of two presynaptic proteins, complexin-I (inhibitory terminals), and complexin-II (excitatory terminals) contributed to cognitive variation from normal to dementia. Adding the amount of protein-protein interaction between two others, synaptosome-associated protein-25 and syntaxin, explained 6% of overall variance. The presynaptic protein Munc18-1 long variant was localized to inhibitory terminals, and like complexin-I, was positively associated with cognition. Associations depended on Braak stage, with the level of complexin-I contributing nearly 15% to cognitive variation in stages 0-II, while complexin-II contributed 7% in stages V-VI. Non-denaturing gels identified multiple soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein-protein (SNARE) complexes in frontal and in temporal lobes, making specific contributions to cognitive functions. Multiple mechanisms of presynaptic plasticity contribute to cognitive function during aging.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"271 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Metacognitive and cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis: new developments  精神病的元认知和认知行为干预：新进展

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/smoritz

S. Moritz, J. Klein, P. Lysaker, Stephanie Mehl

{"title":"Metacognitive and cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis: new developments\u2029","authors":"S. Moritz, J. Klein, P. Lysaker, Stephanie Mehl","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/smoritz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/smoritz","url":null,"abstract":"This review describes four cognitive approaches for the treatment of schizophrenia: cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp), metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training, and metacognitive reflection insight therapy (MERIT). A central reference point of our review is a seminal paper by James Flavell, who introduced the term metacognition (“cognition about cognition”). In a way, every psychotherapeutic approach adopts a metacognitive perspective when therapists reflect with clients about their thoughts. Yet, the four approaches map onto different components of metacognition. CBTp conveys some “metacognitive knowledge” (eg, thoughts are not facts) but is mainly concerned with individual beliefs. Metacognitive therapy focuses on unhelpful metacognitive beliefs about thinking styles (eg, thought suppression). Metacognitive training brings distorted cognitive biases to the awareness of patients; a central goal is the reduction of overconfidence. MERIT focuses on larger senses of identity and highlights metacognitive knowledge about oneself and other persons. For CBTp and metacognitive training, meta-analytic evidence supports their efficacy; single studies speak for the effectiveness of MERIT and metacognitive therapy.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"309 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Nonpharmacological treatment of dyscognition in schizophrenia: effects  of aerobic exercise  精神分裂症认知障碍的非药物治疗:有氧运动的影响

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt

I. Maurus, A. Röh, P. Falkai, B. Malchow, A. Schmitt, A. Hasan

{"title":"Nonpharmacological treatment of dyscognition in schizophrenia: effects \u2028of aerobic exercise\u2029","authors":"I. Maurus, A. Röh, P. Falkai, B. Malchow, A. Schmitt, A. Hasan","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia and are related to an unfavorable disease outcome. So far, there are no satisfactory pharmacological approaches to address cognitive symptoms. For some time now, aerobic exercise has been demonstrated in various trials to be a promising candidate for this indication. The aim of this brief qualitative review was to present the most recent meta-analyses regarding the capacity of exercise to improve cognition in schizophrenia patients. Additionally, we give a short overview of the effects in other conditions, like healthy subjects and patients with major depression. We conducted a focused literature search using the PubMed database, concentrating on meta-analyses which are based on a systematic search. The most recent meta-analysis investigating the efficacy of aerobic exercise on cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients provides evidence that exercise has positive effects on cognitive functioning in this population. However, the effect seems not to be specific; there were positive findings regarding healthy subjects and patients with depressive disorders as well, even if they were less consistent. As most available trials have a small to modest sample size and have no consensus with regard to the intervention regime, nor to the assessment of cognition, the findings are difficult to generalize. In the future, standardized clinical trials focusing on the long-term effects of exercise are needed to evaluate whether the improvements in cognition are sustainable.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"261 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42360005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in nondementing mental health disorders  非痴呆性精神健康障碍中认知缺陷的药物治疗

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins

T. Robbins

{"title":"Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in nondementing mental health disorders\u2029","authors":"T. Robbins","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence for pharmacological remediation of cognitive deficits in three major psychiatric disorders—attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and depression—is reviewed. ADHD is effectively treated with the stimulant medications methylphenidate and d-amphetamine, as well as nonstimulants such as atomoxetine, implicating cognitive enhancing effects mediated by noradrenaline and dopamine. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remains unclear. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are less effectively treated, but attempts via a variety of neurotransmitter strategies are surveyed. The possibility of treating cognitive deficits in depression via antidepressant medication (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and by adjunctive drug treatment has only recently received attention because of confounding, or possibly interactive, effects on mood. Prospects for future advances in this important area may need to take into account transdiagnostic perspectives on cognition (including neurodegenerative diseases) as well as improvements in neuropsychological, neurobiological, and clinical trial design approaches to cognitive enhancement.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"301 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46399727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Cognition in psychiatry  精神病学认知

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/fthibaut

Sonia Acuna-Vargas, F. Thibaut

引用次数: 0