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Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

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Cognition in psychiatry
 精神病学认知
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/fthibaut
Sonia Acuna-Vargas, F. Thibaut
{"title":"Cognition in psychiatry\u2029","authors":"Sonia Acuna-Vargas, F. Thibaut","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/fthibaut","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/fthibaut","url":null,"abstract":"Cognition has attracted a growing interest in psychiatry. Since the 1990s, cognition as a whole has become an important determinant in the outcome of psychosis. Despite recent progress in the genetics of cognition, the development of new pharmacological compounds in order to improve cognition has not progressed as quickly. This issue will review and discuss the main areas of clinical and basic research in this domain.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing behavior and cognition in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans: where are the limits of translation?
 评估啮齿类动物、非人类灵长类动物和人类的行为和认知：翻译的极限在哪里？
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/mrossner
M. Stephan, Paul Volkmann, M. Rossner
{"title":"Assessing behavior and cognition in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans: where are the limits of translation?\u2029","authors":"M. Stephan, Paul Volkmann, M. Rossner","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/mrossner","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/mrossner","url":null,"abstract":"New psychopharmacological treatments are needed for affective and nonaffective psychoses, especially for the associated negative and cognitive symptoms. Earlier developments mostly failed, probably partly because of limitations in behavioral models used for validation. Now, deeper understanding of the genetics underlying disease pathogenesis and progress in genetic engineering will generate many rodent models with increased construct validity. To improve these models’ translational value, we need complementary data from nonhuman primates. We also have to improve and streamline behavioral test systems to cope with increased demand. Here, we propose a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery that should overcome the disadvantages of single tests and yield cognitive/behavioral profiles for modeling subsets of patient symptoms. Further, we delineate a concept for classifying disease-relevant cognitive endophenotypes to balance between face and construct validity and clinical diagnostics. In summary, this review discusses new concepts and the limitations and future potential of translational research on cognition in psychiatry.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature
 计算机游戏对认知、大脑结构和功能的影响：对现有文献的批判性反思
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn
S. Kühn, J. Gallinat, Anna Mascherek
{"title":"Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature\u2029","authors":"S. Kühn, J. Gallinat, Anna Mascherek","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn","url":null,"abstract":"Video gaming as a popular form of leisure activity and its effect on cognition, brain function, and structure has come into focus in the field of neuroscience. Visuospatial cognition and attention seem to benefit the most, whereas for executive functions, memory, and general cognition, the results are contradictory. The particular characteristics of video games driving these effects remain poorly understood. We critically discuss major challenges for the existing research, namely, the lack of precise definitions of video gaming, the lack of distinct choice of cognitive ability under study, and the lack of standardized study protocols. Less research exists on neural changes in addition to cognitive changes due to video gaming. Existing studies reveal evidence for the involvement of similar brain regions in functional and structural changes. There seems to be a predominance in the hippocampal, prefrontal, and parietal brain regions; however, studies differ immensely, which makes a meta-analytic interpretation vulnerable. We conclude that theoretical work is urgently needed.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48079379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
How evolutionary psychiatry can advance psychopharmacology
 进化精神病学如何推动精神药理学
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/rnesse
R. Nesse, Dan J Stein
{"title":"How evolutionary psychiatry can advance psychopharmacology\u2029","authors":"R. Nesse, Dan J Stein","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/rnesse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/rnesse","url":null,"abstract":"The prevailing paradigm for psychopharmacology focuses on understanding brain mechanisms as the key to finding new medications and improving clinical outcomes, but frustration with slow progress has inspired many pleas for new approaches. Evolutionary psychiatry brings in an additional basic science that poses new questions about why natural selection left us vulnerable to so many mental disorders, and new insights about how drugs work. The integration of neuroscience with evolutionary psychiatry is synergistic, going beyond reductionism to provide a model like the one used by the rest of medicine. It recognizes negative emotions as symptoms, that are, like pain and cough, useful defenses whose presence should initiate a search for causes. An integrative evolutionary approach explains why agents that block useful aversive responses are usually safe, and how to anticipate when they may cause harm. More generally, an evolutionary framework suggests novel practical strategies for finding and testing new drugs.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45535487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Treating psychiatric symptoms and disorders with non-psychotropic medications
 用非精神药物治疗精神症状和紊乱
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/vhede
V. Hede, C. Devillé
{"title":"Treating psychiatric symptoms and disorders with non-psychotropic medications\u2029","authors":"V. Hede, C. Devillé","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/vhede","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/vhede","url":null,"abstract":"A few drugs prescribed in internal medicine, ie, non-psychotropic drugs, can be used to treat certain neuropsychiatric disorders. For most of these situations, the level of evidence remains low. But when sufficient data becomes available, these molecules are then included in official guidelines for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article we review interesting drugs which may be relevant from an evidence-based medicine point of view, and could become part of psychiatric practice in the future.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41588250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Future paths in psychopharmacology
 精神药理学的未来之路
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/fthibaut
F. Thibaut
{"title":"Future paths in psychopharmacology\u2029","authors":"F. Thibaut","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/fthibaut","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/fthibaut","url":null,"abstract":"Drug development in psychiatry is gradually moving from serendipity to personalized medicine. Some promising paths will be reviewed in this issue.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The “systems approach” to treating the brain: opportunities in developmental psychopharmacology
 治疗大脑的“系统方法”：发展精神药理学的机遇
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/lloiacono
S. Bussone, L. Lo Iacono
{"title":"The “systems approach” to treating the brain: opportunities in developmental psychopharmacology\u2029","authors":"S. Bussone, L. Lo Iacono","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/lloiacono","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/lloiacono","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of early life for the long-term programming of mental health is increasingly being recognized. However, most psychotropic medications are currently intended for adult patients, and early psychopharmacological approaches aimed at reverting aberrant neurodevelopmental trajectories are missing. Psychopharmacologic intervention at an early age faces the challenge of operating in a highly plastic system and requires a comprehensive knowledge of neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Recently the systems biology approach has contributed to the understanding of neuroplasticity mechanisms from a new perspective that interprets them as the result of complex and dynamic networks of signals from different systems. This approach is creating opportunities for developmental psychopharmacology, suggesting novel targets that can modulate the course of development by interfering with neuroplasticity at an early age. We will discuss two interconnected systems—the immune and gut microbiota—that regulate neurodevelopment and that have been implicated in preclinical research as new targets in the prevention of aberrant brain development.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43423856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Harnessing the microbiota to treat neurological diseases
 利用微生物群治疗神经系统疾病
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/nsurana
N. Surana
{"title":"Harnessing the microbiota to treat neurological diseases\u2029","authors":"N. Surana","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/nsurana","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/nsurana","url":null,"abstract":"Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota—the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us—contributes to nearly every facet of host physiology, from ontogeny of the immune system to neurological function to metabolism. Although the specific details of these host–microbe interactions are still being elucidated for most diseases, the coupling of clinical samples with animal models of disease have provided key insights. This review provides some general background on the microbiota, highlights a few examples of how the microbiota influences diseases of the central nervous system, and provides a perspective for how these findings may be clinically translatable.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49353503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Receptor variants and the development of centrally acting medications
 受体变异和中枢作用药物的发展
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dbertrand
S. Neale, K. Kambara, T. Salt, D. Bertrand
{"title":"Receptor variants and the development of centrally acting medications\u2029","authors":"S. Neale, K. Kambara, T. Salt, D. Bertrand","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dbertrand","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dbertrand","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive changes in research paradigms observed in the largest pharmaceutical companies and the burgeoning of biotechnology startups over the last 10 years have generated a need for outsourcing research facilities. In parallel, progress made in the fields of genomics, protein expression in recombinant systems, and electrophysiological recording methods have offered new possibilities for the development of contract research organizations (CROs). Successful partnering between pharmaceutical companies and CROs largely depends upon the competences and scientific quality on offer for the discovery of novel active molecules and targets. Thus, it is critical to review the knowledge in the field of neuroscience research, how genetic approaches are augmenting our knowledge, and how they can be applied in the translation from the identification of potential molecules up to the first clinical trials. Taking these together, it is apparent that CROs have an important role to play in the neuroscience of drug discovery.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42130621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Genomics and the future of psychopharmacology: MicroRNAs offer novel therapeutics
 基因组学和精神药理学的未来:MicroRNAs提供新的治疗方法
IF 8.3 2区 医学
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dgurwitz
D. Gurwitz
{"title":"Genomics and the future of psychopharmacology: MicroRNAs offer novel therapeutics\u2029","authors":"D. Gurwitz","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dgurwitz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dgurwitz","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs functioning as regulators of the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes. During the last two decades, studies on miRNAs indicate that they have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for a wide range of cancers. Research interest in miRNAs has moved to embrace further medical disciplines, including neuropsychiatric disorders, comparing miRNA expression and mRNA targets between patient and control blood samples and postmortem brain tissues, as well as in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. This manuscript reviews recent findings on miRNAs implicated in the pathology of mood disorders, schizophrenia, and autism, as well as their diagnostic potential, and their potential as tentative targets for future therapeutics. The plausible contribution of X chromosome miRNAs to the larger prevalence of major depression among women is also evaluated.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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