Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Epigenetics and depression . 表观遗传学与抑郁症 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/ebinder

Signe Penner-Goeke, Elisabeth B Binder

{"title":"Epigenetics and depression\u2029.","authors":"Signe Penner-Goeke, Elisabeth B Binder","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/ebinder","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/ebinder","url":null,"abstract":"The risk for major depression is both genetically and environmentally determined. It has been proposed that epigenetic mechanisms could mediate the lasting increases in depression risk following exposure to adverse life events and provide a mechanistic framework within which genetic and environmental factors can be integrated. Epigenetics refers to processes affecting gene expression and translation that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence and include DNA methylation (DNAm) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as histone modifications. Here we review evidence for a role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of depression from studies investigating DNAm, miRNAs, and histone modifications using different tissues and various experimental designs. From these studies, a model emerges where underlying genetic and environmental risk factors, and interactions between the two, could drive aberrant epigenetic mechanisms targeting stress response pathways, neuronal plasticity, and other behaviorally relevant pathways that have been implicated in major depression.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 4","pages":"397-405"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/77/DialoguesClinNeurosci-21-397.PMC6952745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37553054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 86

Epigenetics as a key link between psychosocial stress and aging: concepts, evidence, mechanisms . 表观遗传学作为社会心理压力和衰老之间的关键联系:概念，证据，机制 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/azannas

Anthony S Zannas

{"title":"Epigenetics as a key link between psychosocial stress and aging: concepts, evidence, mechanisms\u2029.","authors":"Anthony S Zannas","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/azannas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/azannas","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosocial stress-especially when chronic, excessive, or occurring early in life-has been associated with accelerated aging and increased disease risk. With rapid aging of the world population, the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms is pressing, now more so than ever. Among molecular mechanisms linking stress and aging, the present article reviews evidence on the role of epigenetics, biochemical processes that can be set into motion by stressors and in turn influence genomic function and complex phenotypes, including aging-related outcomes. The article further provides a conceptual mechanistic framework on how stress may drive epigenetic changes at susceptible genomic sites, thereby exerting systems-level effects on the aging epigenome while also regulating the expression of molecules implicated in aging-related processes. This emerging evidence, together with work examining related biological processes, begins to shed light on the epigenetic and, more broadly, molecular underpinnings of the long-hypothesized connection between stress and aging.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 4","pages":"389-396"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/f3/DialoguesClinNeurosci-21-389.PMC6952744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37553053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Use of the epigenetic toolbox to contextualize common variants associated with schizophrenia risk . 使用表观遗传学工具箱 来分析与精神分裂症风险相关的常见变异 。

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/sakbarian

Prashanth Rajarajan, Schahram Akbarian

{"title":"Use of the epigenetic toolbox\u2028to contextualize common variants associated with schizophrenia risk\u2029.","authors":"Prashanth Rajarajan, Schahram Akbarian","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/sakbarian","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/sakbarian","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with a complex genetic architecture and limited understanding of its neuropathology, reflected by the lack of diagnostic measures and effective pharmacological treatments. Geneticists have recently identified more than 145 risk loci comprising hundreds of common variants of small effect sizes, most of which lie in noncoding genomic regions. This review will discuss how the epigenetic toolbox can be applied to contextualize genetic findings in schizophrenia. Progress in next-generation sequencing, along with increasing methodological complexity, has led to the compilation of genome-wide maps of DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA expression, and more. Integration of chromatin conformation datasets is one of the latest efforts in deciphering schizophrenia risk, allowing the identification of genes in contact with regulatory variants across 100s of kilobases. Large-scale multiomics studies will facilitate the prioritization of putative causal risk variants and gene networks that contribute to schizophrenia etiology, informing clinical diagnostics and treatment downstream.\u2029.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 4","pages":"407-416"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/8b/DialoguesClinNeurosci-21-407.PMC6952750.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37553055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cognition in Mental Health 心理健康中的认知

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.3

引用次数: 0

Dysfunctional neurocognition in individuals with clinically significant psychopathic traits  具有临床显著精神病特征的个体的功能性神经认知障碍

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/rblair

R. Blair

引用次数: 8

Domains of cognition and their assessment  认知领域及其评估

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/pharvey

Philip D. Harvey

引用次数: 207

Cognition and addiction  认知与成瘾

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/gdom

A. Verdéjo-Garcia, G. García-Fernández, G. Dom

{"title":"Cognition and addiction\u2029","authors":"A. Verdéjo-Garcia, G. García-Fernández, G. Dom","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/gdom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/gdom","url":null,"abstract":"In this targeted review, we summarize current knowledge on substance-use disorder (SUD)-related cognitive deficits, the link between these deficits and clinical outcomes, and the cognitive training, remediation, and pharmacological approaches that have the potential to rescue cognition. We conclude that: (i) people with SUDs have moderate deficits in memory, attention, executive functions, and decision-making (including reward expectancy, valuation, and learning); (ii) deficits in higher-order executive functions and decision-making are significant predictors of relapse; (iii) cognitive training programs targeting reward-related appetitive biases, cognitive remediation strategies targeting goal-based decision-making, and pharmacotherapies targeting memory, attention, and impulsivity have potential to rescue SUD-related cognitive deficits. We suggest avenues for future research, including developing brief, clinically oriented harmonized cognitive testing suites to improve individualized prediction of treatment outcomes; computational modeling that can achieve deep phenotyping of cognitive subtypes likely to respond to different interventions; and phenotype-targeted cognitive, pharmacological, and combined interventions. We conclude with a tentative model of neuroscience-informed precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"281 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43959656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Cognitive impairment in psychotic illness: prevalence, profile of impairment, developmental course, and treatment considerations . 精神疾病中的认知障碍:患病率、损害概况、发展过程和治疗考虑

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/amccleery

Amanda McCleery, Keith H Nuechterlein

引用次数: 91

The synaptic pathology of cognitive life  认知生活的突触病理学

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/whoner

W. Honer, A. Ramos-Miguel, J. Alamri, K. Sawada, A. Barr, J. Schneider, D. Bennett

{"title":"The synaptic pathology of cognitive life\u2029","authors":"W. Honer, A. Ramos-Miguel, J. Alamri, K. Sawada, A. Barr, J. Schneider, D. Bennett","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/whoner","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/whoner","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective, community-based studies allow evaluation of associations between cognitive functioning and synaptic measures, controlled for age-related pathologies. Findings from >400 community-based participants are reviewed. Levels of two presynaptic proteins, complexin-I (inhibitory terminals), and complexin-II (excitatory terminals) contributed to cognitive variation from normal to dementia. Adding the amount of protein-protein interaction between two others, synaptosome-associated protein-25 and syntaxin, explained 6% of overall variance. The presynaptic protein Munc18-1 long variant was localized to inhibitory terminals, and like complexin-I, was positively associated with cognition. Associations depended on Braak stage, with the level of complexin-I contributing nearly 15% to cognitive variation in stages 0-II, while complexin-II contributed 7% in stages V-VI. Non-denaturing gels identified multiple soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein-protein (SNARE) complexes in frontal and in temporal lobes, making specific contributions to cognitive functions. Multiple mechanisms of presynaptic plasticity contribute to cognitive function during aging.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"271 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Metacognitive and cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis: new developments  精神病的元认知和认知行为干预：新进展

IF 8.3 2区医学

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/smoritz

S. Moritz, J. Klein, P. Lysaker, Stephanie Mehl

{"title":"Metacognitive and cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis: new developments\u2029","authors":"S. Moritz, J. Klein, P. Lysaker, Stephanie Mehl","doi":"10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/smoritz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/smoritz","url":null,"abstract":"This review describes four cognitive approaches for the treatment of schizophrenia: cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp), metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training, and metacognitive reflection insight therapy (MERIT). A central reference point of our review is a seminal paper by James Flavell, who introduced the term metacognition (“cognition about cognition”). In a way, every psychotherapeutic approach adopts a metacognitive perspective when therapists reflect with clients about their thoughts. Yet, the four approaches map onto different components of metacognition. CBTp conveys some “metacognitive knowledge” (eg, thoughts are not facts) but is mainly concerned with individual beliefs. Metacognitive therapy focuses on unhelpful metacognitive beliefs about thinking styles (eg, thought suppression). Metacognitive training brings distorted cognitive biases to the awareness of patients; a central goal is the reduction of overconfidence. MERIT focuses on larger senses of identity and highlights metacognitive knowledge about oneself and other persons. For CBTp and metacognitive training, meta-analytic evidence supports their efficacy; single studies speak for the effectiveness of MERIT and metacognitive therapy.\u2029","PeriodicalId":54343,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"309 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44