Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Revealing spatial patterns and depth-dependent controls of soil organic carbon density across China using interpretable machine learning","authors":"Yuxian Zhang,&nbsp;Guojie Wang,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhu,&nbsp;Pedro Cabral","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13093-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13093-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil organic carbon density (SOCD) is a key indicator of soil health and a critical component of terrestrial carbon storage, yet its large-scale spatial organization and environmental controls remain insufficiently understood. Here, we assessed national-scale patterns and depth-dependent environmental relationships of SOCD across China from 2000 to 2020. Multi-source soil observations were integrated with climatic, vegetation, topographic, and soil property data to generate annual SOCD estimates for surface (0–20 cm) and profile (0–100 cm) layers using machine-learning models. Predicted SOCD exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with consistently higher values in the Northeast Plain and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and lower values in arid northwestern regions and intensively cultivated areas of the North China Plain. National mean SOCD showed only minor, statistically insignificant changes over the study period, indicating relative temporal stability at the national scale. Model interpretation and spatial heterogeneity analyses indicated that temperature and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were the dominant factors associated with surface-layer SOCD, whereas elevation and soil type gained importance with increasing depth. Interactions among climatic, vegetative, and pedogenic variables further structured regional SOCD patterns. These findings indicate that spatial variability in SOCD across China reflects a depth-dependent interplay between vegetation productivity, hydrothermal conditions, and long-term soil formation processes. By providing an interpretable, national-scale assessment of SOCD patterns and their environmental context, this study supports regionally differentiated soil carbon management and monitoring under ongoing climatic change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13093-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition of granitic rocks and constituent minerals in the Eumseong Basin and adjacent areas, South Korea: Implications for weathering and groundwater chemistry","authors":"Jong Hyun Oh,&nbsp;Dong-Chan Koh,&nbsp;Hyo-Sik Seo,&nbsp;Seung Hwan Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13088-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13088-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The chemical composition of bedrock and rock-forming minerals can influence both rock weathering characteristics and groundwater chemistry through water–rock interaction. Although plagioclase and biotite have both been widely studied in relation to these processes, detailed quantitative assessments based on their chemical composition have been limited. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of mineral chemistry on groundwater and weathering processes using whole-rock and mineral chemical analysis. The Eumseong Basin and adjacent areas in South Korea, where granitic rocks are widely distributed, were selected as the study area. Rock samples were analyzed using microscopic observations, modal analysis, and whole-rock and mineral chemical analyses. Granitic rocks in the study area have low levels of plagioclase, which itself exhibits a higher Na/Ca molar ratio, indicating that these rocks originate from highly differentiated magmas and have greater weathering resistance. However, variation in the chemical composition of biotite indicates that some rocks have experienced advanced weathering and that the characteristics of the source magma are heterogeneous within the study area. The results also suggest that mineralogical characteristics of granitic bedrock aquifers may exert major controls on groundwater chemistry and fluoride concentration through long-term water-rock interaction. This study may provide foundational data for understanding changes in mineral-controlled groundwater in similar lithological settings and may have potential applications in petrography, rock engineering, and atmospheric CO₂ reduction through enhanced rock weathering. Further research incorporating reaction experiments and geochemical modeling is required to quantitatively constrain the chemical change of groundwater and rock weathering processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13088-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and petrological investigation of extra-peninsular Gondwana coals from NE India: Insights into provenance, paleoclimate, and paleoenvironment","authors":"Manuranjan Konwar,&nbsp;Dhrubajyoti Neog,&nbsp;Diganta Bhuyan,&nbsp;Alok Kumar,&nbsp;Prakash K. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13053-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13053-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Lesser Himalayan (Extra-Peninsular) Gondwana coal of Permian age remains rarely explored relative to its Peninsular counterparts with respect to its paleodepositional setting, provenance, and paleoclimate. This study offers an integrated petrological and geochemical examination of Extra-Peninsular Gondwana (Upper Permian) coals from Arunachal Pradesh and Darjeeling, Northeastern India, to determine their organic matter sources, paleoenvironments, provenance, and paleoclimatic conditions. A total of 27 coal samples were collected, with representative samples analysed for maceral composition, mineralogy, major oxides, and trace elements using reflected-light microscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Vitrinite Reflectance (%VR_o) values (0.88–1.79%) indicate medium to high thermal maturity, corresponding to medium-volatile bituminous to semi-anthracite rank. Maceral examination shows vitrinite-rich assemblages (64.5–93.2%), with subordinate inertinite (6.8–35.4%) and negligible liptinite content (ranging from 0% to 0.3%), suggesting dominance of woody vegetation during peat accumulation. Mineralogical data reveal quartz and kaolinite as dominant phases, along with illite, siderite, dolomite, and pyrite, suggesting appreciable terrigenous input. Geochemical data indicate enrichment of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃, suggesting an intermediate to felsic provenance. Facies indices and maceral-based ternary plots suggest deposition in forested to limnic swamp environments with fluctuating water tables, alternating oxic and anoxic conditions, and predominantly humid climates with pockets of aridity. Sr/Cu ratios and oxide association indicate predominantly humid conditions with an irregular drier phase. Redox-sensitive element concentrations further suggest fluctuating oxic-to-suboxic conditions, with possible episodic brackish water during peat accumulation. This study offers new insights into the origin, evolution, and paleoenvironmental context of the Extra-Peninsular Gondwana coals, emphasising their potential as repositories of critical elements for future resource exploitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13053-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic, sediment transport and water residence time changes in response to structural changes (Anzali Port–Wetland System)","authors":"Sajjad Fathi Ozanbolagh,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan,&nbsp;Abdolreza Karbassi","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13062-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13062-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breakwaters are essential coastal structures for protecting ports, yet their modification can substantially alter hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and water renewal processes, especially in sensitive port–wetland systems. This study investigates the impacts of the new breakwater configuration of Anzali Port on hydrodynamic patterns, sediment transport, and water residence time in the Anzali Wetland–Port– channel system, a Ramsar-listed wetland in the southern Caspian Sea. In this study, the MIKE21 hydrodynamic (HD) module was coupled with the Sand Transport (ST) module to simulate conditions before and after the breakwater modification.</p><p>Results show that the new breakwater arrangement clearly reduces current velocities in the navigation channel and wetland areas, leading to enhanced sediment deposition and longer water residence times. Simulated sediment accumulation increased notably in the channel and southwestern wetland, with annual volumetric deposition reaching several thousand cubic meters. Residence time increased by up to 50–70 days in southern wetland zones. These changes imply a higher risk of siltation and water stagnation, potentially intensifying eutrophication processes. The results demonstrate the necessity of integrating wetland-scale hydrodynamic and sedimentary impacts into coastal engineering design and provide transferable insights for similar port–wetland systems worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13062-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment on disturbance deformation induced by penetration of sampler tube based on dry sands","authors":"Liucheng Chang,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Lingwei Kong","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13085-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13085-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The penetration of sampling tubes is a primary source of sampling disturbance, affecting the quality of undisturbed soil samples and the reliability of subsequent laboratory test results. To investigate the patterns of soil disturbance and deformation during sampling tube penetration and their influencing factors, a visualization test apparatus for sampling tube penetration was developed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology. Penetration tests were conducted in sands with different sampling tube diameters and wall thicknesses, revealing the distribution characteristics of soil disturbance deformation during penetration. The results indicate that the soil inside the tube consistently exhibits a three-stage deformation sequence—compression, heave, and re-compression—throughout penetration, independent of sampler geometry. In the heaving zone, disturbance deformation reaches its maximum at the tube axis and decreases toward the tube wall, while in the compressive zone, disturbance deformation is minimal at the tube axis and gradually increases toward the tube wall. The tube diameter exerts a dominant control on the spatial pattern of disturbance, while wall thickness mainly affects its magnitude.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13085-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin: a case study of the Ten Tributaries","authors":"Yanhong Huang,&nbsp;Fangfang Qiang,&nbsp;Guangquan Liu,&nbsp;Zuhao Zhou,&nbsp;Hongwu Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Ai","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13092-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13092-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Ten Tributaries Basin is one of the most severely eroded regions in the Yellow River Basin, and its dynamic soil erosion processes are critical to regional ecological conservation. Based on remote sensing data from 1990 to 2023, this study integrated the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the Optimal Parameter-based Geographical Detector (OPGD), and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of soil erosion and its multi-factor driving mechanisms. The results indicate that: (1) The basin-wide average soil erosion modulus decreased by 76.29%, with a fundamental structural shift from severe erosion to slight and light erosion grades; (2) Spatially, erosion intensity exhibited a stable “higher in the south, lower in the north” pattern, with high-intensity erosion concentrated in the southern Pisha sandstone area and demonstrating significant positive spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I &gt; 0.80); (3) Natural factors dominated the spatial differentiation of erosion, with slope identified as the primary driving factor (q = 0.734). All interactive effects among factors were characterized as bi-enhancement or nonlinear enhancement, with the slope–soil erodibility interaction exerting the strongest explanatory power (q = 0.83), which was of the bi-enhancement type; (4) Topographic factors exerted a significant positive direct effect on erosion (path coefficient = 0.93), while soil properties and vegetation exhibited significant negative effects. These findings indicate that, at the current stage, soil erosion is contingent upon the synergistic coupling of topographic, edaphic, and vegetation conditions. This integrated understanding moves beyond the identification of isolated factors to establish a systematic framework for comprehending erosion regulation in ecologically fragile regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13092-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Influence of osmotic suction on the hydro-mechanical behavior and micro-structure of compacted red clay in contaminated sites","authors":"Chuang Zhang,&nbsp;Yong He,&nbsp;Jianzhong Li","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13060-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13060-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13060-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing High-Frequency Seismic Signals (HFSS) and other geophysical methods to locate potential sinkhole collapses: a case study from West of Alexandria, Egypt","authors":"Mohamed A. Gamal,&nbsp;Tamer Nassar,&nbsp;George Maher","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13015-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13015-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis of microtremors, especially the high-frequency seismic signals (HFSS), emitted from shallow sources in the frequency domain 20–20,000 Hz, can be used in investigating various hazard causes, such as landslides, sinkholes, avalanches, shallow cavities and many other applications. These seismic signals can provide knowledge about shallow Earth structure in soil investigations aimed at reducing geological hazards. This technique integrated other geophysical techniques to determine the possible locations of future sinkhole collapses in the Gharabanyat area, located west of Alexandria, Egypt, which is extremely vulnerable to this kind of hazard. Approximately 1 km profile of electrical resistivity tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves, seismic refraction tomography, and deep ground penetrating radar, combined with borehole drilling data, were used to reconstruct how these sinkholes occurred within the study area. No single geophysical tool was able to predict impending collapse events; however, their integration highlighted the possible locations of collapses expected in the near future, and the study of high-frequency seismic signals (HFSS) in the audible frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz proved particularly helpful for this purpose. This was achieved by recording \"high-frequency microtremor signals\" at 42 stations, whose analysis showed a possible correlation between areas where only low-frequency signals are detected and the areas of previous collapses. It was concluded that low-frequency signals can be used to identify the possible locations of future collapses and as part of a warning system. The phenomenon of sinkhole collapses is expected to keep taking place unless an adequate solution is found to control the flow of water into the subsurface of the Gharabanyat region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13015-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial water storage monitoring in Bulgaria using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacements and comparison with GLDAS, GLWS and GRACE products","authors":"Kutubuddin Ansari,&nbsp;Emine Tanır Kayıkçı,&nbsp;Lyubka Pashova","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13067-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13067-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) variation across Bulgaria using vertical displacements during 2004–2025 derived from 32 operating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. The GNSS vertical displacement time series were analyzed using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and then inverted into Equivalent Water Height (EWH) anomalies using an elastic Green's function approach combined with Tikhonov regularization. The estimated GNSS-based TWS variations were evaluated against independent hydrological and gravimetric datasets, including Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)-Noah, Global Land Water Storage (GLWS), and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) products. The results show that annual TWS amplitudes over Bulgaria generally range from 10 to 30 mm, with localized maxima exceeding 40 mm. The timing of maximum annual storage typically occurs during June–September, consistent with seasonal recharge mechanisms. Monthly climatology indicates maximum storage during late winter and spring (February-April) and minimum storage during late summer (August-October). Comparison analysis shows strong agreement among the GLDAS, GLWS, and GRACE datasets, with correlations up to 0.927, whereas GNSS-derived estimates exhibit weaker correlations, likely due to station distribution limitations and non-hydrological deformation effects. In general, the study concludes that GNSS provides valuable complementary constraints for monitoring hydrological loading and water storage variability in Bulgaria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13067-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influence mechanism of multiple mining of extremely thick coal seams on the damage of overburden and the load - bearing structure","authors":"Hao Wang,&nbsp;Xingping Lai,&nbsp;Feng Cui,&nbsp;Chong Jia","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13086-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13086-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The stability of overburden structure during slicing mining is critical for extra-thick coal seam extraction. Taking the Zhundong Mining Area as the background, this study integrates numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and physical simulation to investigate the evolution of overburden structure, rock block size distribution, and force chain network characteristics. Results show that as slicing numbers increase, the near-field overburden transforms from discrete blocks into granular materials, following a structural evolution sequence of “masonry beam—short masonry beam—extrusion equilibrium arch.” Repeated mining causes degradation of the low-level bearing zone, with force chain strength progressively diminishing. Cumulative mining effects—including shortened rock blocks, increased transferred loads, and exacerbated internal damage—lead to instability of the bearing structure. Consequently, the loss of bearing capacity in the low-level key stratum forces the bearing structure to migrate upward, transforming from a “beam-type” to an “arch-type” system. Based on the concept of “enhancing bearing structure stability,” a full-life-cycle mine pressure control system for slicing mining of extra-thick coal seams is established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13086-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}