Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparative scoring indicators methods of different soil types to modelling soil quality through constructing Minimum Data Set in the Doukkala irrigated perimeter—Western region of Morocco","authors":"Khalid Ibno Namr,&nbsp;Sanae Bel-Lahbib,&nbsp;Badr Rerhou,&nbsp;Yassine Al Masmoudi,&nbsp;Hasna Hajjaj,&nbsp;Brahim Ait Said","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12115-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12115-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The assessment of soil quality is crucial for the sustainable development of agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study highlights the importance of considering a varied selection of indicators when assessing soil quality by examined the influence of soil type factor on the modelling Soil Quality Index (SQI) using Minimum Data Sets (MDS) constructed as part of the Total Data Set (TDS) through two methods, namely, additive (SQI_A) and weighted (SQI_W). A total of 716 soil samples (0–30 cm) collected from Doukkala irrigated perimeter of Morocco, were analyzed for physicochemical properties (Texture, pH, EC, SOM, CaCO₃, CEC, macronutrients and micronutrients). These samples represented six soil type, including Vertisols, Aridisols, Histosols, Entisols, Mollisols, and Oxisols. Moreover, by employing principal component analysis (ACP), we established an MDS that encapsulated the essential indicators for the soil quality assessment. After determined the MDS contribution in the modelling of the SQIs for each soil type separately, a soil quality maps were generated by grouping together all the SQIs models generated for all soil type. The performance of each model is validated by the Sensitivity Index and the correlation with crop yields. Using both Linear and Non-Linear models for scoring function, the MDS includes Sand, EC, P₂O₅, CaO, CaCO₃, NO₃-N, NH₄-N, Cu, Fe, and Zn from twenty indicators of the TDS. The results showed that these MDS significantly varied depending on soil type and the soil quality maps generated based on SQI estimated by the Non-Linear additive method (SQI_A-NL) showed moderate a high quality in the studied area than the SQI by weighted method. This finding found that the individual contribution of selected the MDS is strongly affected by soil types and the models used to indicators transformed and the SQI computation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of soil liquefaction using artificial intelligence techniques: an extended comparison between machine and deep learning approaches","authors":"Eyyüp Hakan Şehmusoğlu,&nbsp;Talas Fikret Kurnaz,&nbsp;Caner Erden","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12116-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12116-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effectiveness of various deep learning (DL) algorithms in predicting soil liquefaction susceptibility. We explore a spectrum of algorithms, including machine learning models such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Logistic Regression (LR), alongside DL architectures like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), Bidirectional LSTMs (BiLSTMs), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). The performance of these algorithms is assessed using comprehensive metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and area under the curve (AUC). Cross-entropy loss is employed as the loss function during model training to optimize the differentiation between liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil samples. Our findings reveal that the GRU model achieved the highest overall accuracy of 0.98, followed by the BiLSTM model with an accuracy of 0.95. Notably, the BiLSTM model excelled in precision for class 1, attaining a score of 0.96 on the test dataset. These results underscore the potential of both GRU and BiLSTM models in predicting soil liquefaction susceptibility, with the BiLSTM model’s simpler architecture proving particularly effective in certain metrics and datasets. The findings of this study could assist practitioners in seismic risk assessment by providing more accurate and reliable tools for evaluating soil liquefaction potential, thereby enhancing mitigation strategies and informing decision-making in earthquake-prone areas. This study contributes to developing robust tools for liquefaction hazard assessment, ultimately supporting improved seismic risk mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12116-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of hydrocarbon bearing proterozoic reservoir of Vindhyan Basin, India","authors":"Rajesh Pandey,&nbsp;Sanjay Ojha","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12089-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12089-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A commercial gas discovery has been confirmed from the Paleoproterozoic volcaniclastic Jardepahar Formation in the Son Valley sector, Vindhayan Basin. To better understand the characteristic of the pay zone and associated source rock, geochemical, sedimentological and source rock analysis were conducted on the cutting samples collected during the drilling of Hatta#D. Sedimentological, geochemical and electro-log signatures enabled the classification of the porcellanite of Jardepahar Formation into three chert-dominated (porcellanite) units and a dolomitic limestone unit. The middle unit, composed of calcareous bedded chert with carbonaceous matter and micro- to nanoscale fractures, has generated significant attention due to the hydrocarbon discovery in the Hatta field by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) in central India. The textural characteristics of clasts indicates minimal transportation. Geochemical analysis of the middle unit indicates higher biological productivity and more favourable hydrocarbon source facies compared to the upper and lower units. The sediments of the Jardepahar Formation were derived from high-potassic felsic to intermediate volcanic source (s) associated with an active continental margin and were deposited in an anoxic environment. Trace elements analysis indicates the absence of biogenic fractions and minimal chemical alteration. The middle unit not only exhibits source rock potential but also act as reservoir, with the overlying dolomitic limestone serving as an effective top seal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic microzonation of urban site using the target spectral ratio method (THVSR): a case study of Algiers city","authors":"Linda Chibane,&nbsp;Nasser Laouami,&nbsp;Mustapha Hellel,&nbsp;Mohamed Yacine Tebbouche","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12133-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12133-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a seismic microzonation study of the urban area of Algiers city in Algeria, using 640 microtremor measurements and site classification based on target horizontal over vertical spectral ratios (THVSR) approach. Northern Algeria lies along the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary, and the Algiers city is located in one of the most seismically active areas in the western Mediterranean. The area's geological context suggests the prevalence of alluvial soils, especially in its central part, which undergoes significant site amplification. The seismic design codes use the concept of soil class to categorize common-soil conditions into broad classes bounded by typical average shear wave velocities in the top 30 m (V_s30). Geophysical methods involving boreholes are required for the measurement of V_s30, however, their prohibitive cost makes them unappealing. In order to prepare a first order seismic microzonation map for the urban area of Algiers city, an alternative new classification scheme based on THVSR is performed over 640 microtremor measurements. The results of the classification of sites based on THVSR consist of providing the site class according to the recent updated version of Algerian Seismic Code (RPA, 2024), the main frequency of the site, and an average estimate of V_s30. To assess the reliability of the THVSR approach, microtremor measurements were compared with shear-wave velocity profiles at 29 sites where V_s30 data were available. In the absence of extensive geophysical surveys, the proposed technique provides a cost-effective and efficient tool for seismic microzonation, with direct applications to urban planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Increased seismicity at the beginning of the twentieth century in the intraplate region of Czechia and neighboring areas in Central Europe","authors":"Renata Lukešová,&nbsp;L. Fojtíková,&nbsp;J. Vackář,&nbsp;J. Málek","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12153-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12153-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of radioactive and geotechnical aspects of a section of the Western Desert Railway in Egypt","authors":"Mohamed A. H. Sakr,&nbsp;Mohamed Y. Hanfi,&nbsp;Ali E. Omar,&nbsp;Medhat El Rayess,&nbsp;Diaa A. Saadawi,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Ahmed,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker,&nbsp;Fabrizio Ambrosino,&nbsp;Sherif A. Taalab","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12141-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12141-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this research is to assess the risk of radioactivity in the sand along the high-speed railway and its surrounding areas in Egypt. The research revealed that the activity levels of radionuclides ²³²Th and ²³⁸U in sand were below the worldwide averages of 45 and 33, respectively. Despite this, the concentration of the potassium was higher than the global mean of 412 Bqkg^− 1. The ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U concentrations were 593 ± 16, 17 ± 0.9, and 14 ± 0.5 Bqkg^− 1, respectively. Based on these results, excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), annual effective dose (AED), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), and the absorbed dose rate (D_air) were determined. Various field and laboratory tests were performed to assess the site selection of the high-speed railway for sustainable development, including geotechnical tests at thirty-five drill holes, the microtremor analysis using horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) method at ten locations, and radiological measurements at thirty samples. The geotechnical investigation classified the fine-grained soil as having medium to high plasticity and the coarse-grained soil as poorly graded. The rock samples were classified as weak to strong based on their unconfined compressive strength. The related amplification of ground motion (Ao) and the resonance frequency (Fo) were used to determine the study site effects. The study found that the fundamental frequency at all points varied between 1.5 and 1.9, and the associated H/V amplitude level (Ao) ranged from 3 to 4. The relationship between the radionuclides and the relevant radiological hazard variables was examined using Multivariate statistical methods, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation. The study concluded that the sand on the high speed train route poses an insignificant hazard to the public.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Travertine increases the concentration of trace elements in groundwater in Chahar Takab, Fariman county, northeast Iran","authors":"Maryam Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy-Gharaie,&nbsp;Nicola Fohrer,&nbsp;Daniel Rosado","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12144-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12144-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater has emerged as a crucial water source, supplying half of the world’s domestic water needs, particularly in rural areas without supply systems. This study assesses the impact of travertine formations, on water quality in Chahar Takab village, Iran, focusing on suitability for human consumption and ecosystem sustainability where groundwater is the primary source. Thirty-four samples from various sources, including travertine springs, surface water, and groundwater, underwent ICP-OES analysis. Travertine springs exhibited higher electrical conductivity (EC), lower pH, and elevated concentrations of major cations (Na, Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, HCO₃). In them, all samples exceeded European Union limits for Cl and Na in drinking water. Hydrochemical facies were influenced by water-rock interactions, leading to Ca-HCO₃ dominance in surface and groundwater samples and Ca-Mg-Cl dominance in travertine springs. Heavy metal analysis revealed high concentrations of As, B, Fe, Mn, and Pb in travertine spring and surface water samples, with As exceeding World Health Organization limits by up to 28.5 times. Additionally, the Metal Index indicated values exceeding drinking water guidelines set by the World Health Organization in 58% of the samples. Travertine springs had the highest toxicity risks, especially for As, Cd, and Pb. Results suggest a tectonic origin for heavy metal contamination (As-containing travertine springs), emphasizing the need for mitigation measures and regular monitoring. Action is necessary to address water quality issues in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12144-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-mechanical numerical evaluation of rainfall-induced fully coupled groundwater flow, land deformation, and failure potential in a variably saturated heterogeneous hill slope with consideration of interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes","authors":"Jun-Mo Kim,&nbsp;Min-Soo Kim,&nbsp;Min-Jae Kim,&nbsp;Won-Hong Park","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-11986-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-11986-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of steady- and transient-state numerical simulations is performed to evaluate rainfall-induced fully coupled groundwater flow, land deformation, and failure potential in an actual variably saturated heterogeneous hill slope with consideration of interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes. The slope is variably saturated under various rainfall rates. It is composed of colluvium underlain by weathered rock over fresh rock. As a combined methodology, the so-called mixed-type variable rainfall-infiltration-seepage flow boundary condition and constitutive mathematical equations are implemented first into a generalized fully coupled poroelastic hydro-mechanical numerical model. The resultant numerical model is then used in the numerical simulations. The steady- and transient-state numerical simulations show that both rainfall and layered heterogeneity have significant effects on spatial distributions and temporal changes of fully coupled groundwater flow, land deformation, failure potential, and stability with interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes in the slope. The steady-state numerical simulations show that, as the rainfall rate increases up to a critical rainfall rate, the slope becomes more saturated with water, and thus its overall stability deteriorates. However, under more than such a critical rainfall rate, the slope becomes fully saturated with water, and thus its hydro-mechanical responses are unchanged. The transient-state numerical simulations show that, as the time progresses under each maximum daily rainfall rate, pressure head buildup and slope unstabilization and failures initiate near the slope toe and then propagate toward the slope crest. Such trends occur faster and stronger as the maximum daily rainfall rate increases. In terms of interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes, as the rainfall rate increases up to the critical rainfall rate, or as the time progresses under each maximum daily rainfall rate, the seepage face expands from the slope toe toward the slope crest. As a result, rainwater infiltration occurs along the slope surface above the height of the seepage face, while groundwater seepage takes place along the slope surface below it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes in the Katerini-Kolindros aquifer system, Central Macedonia, Greece","authors":"Agamemnon Psyrillos,&nbsp;Evangelos Tziritis","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12128-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12128-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the hydrogeochemical dynamics of the Katerini-Kolindros aquifer system in Central Macedonia, Greece, a vital freshwater resource for the local economy. Over a decade-long period (2010–2020), 751 groundwater samples from 113 wells were analyzed and the results processed using multivariate statistical techniques, hydrogeochemical mapping, and hierarchical cluster analysis. Four hydrogeochemical groups are delineated, revealing distinct influences of natural geological processes and anthropogenic activities. The dominant water types identified are Ca–HCO₃ and Mg-HCO₃, reflecting recharge conditions with no seawater intrusion, even in coastal wells. The chemistry of groundwater is also shown to be affected by ion exchange processes and to a lesser extent by reverse ion exchange processes. Urban practices, such as septic tank leakage, urban waste management and fertilizer usage, are identified as the primary sources of nitrate contamination in localized hotspots, particularly near residential and recreational areas. By correlating hydrogeochemical data with geological formations, this study provides novel insights into the spatial variability of groundwater chemistry and identifies areas requiring targeted management. Overall, the study underscores the importance of integrating long-term hydrogeochemical datasets with advanced statistical analyses to unravel complex aquifer dynamics. Practical implications include recommendations for improved monitoring networks, land-use planning, and contamination mitigation strategies. Future research should focus on the creation of a comprehensive network of dedicated observation wells – both for piezometric and hydrogeochemical monitoring – and numerical modeling to refine groundwater flow predictions. This work contributes to global discourse on sustainable groundwater management, offering a replicable methodology for similar Mediterranean and semi-arid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial analysis of flood susceptibility in Coastal area of Pakistan using machine learning models and SAR imagery","authors":"Muhammad Afaq Hussain,&nbsp;Zhanlong Chen,&nbsp;Yulong Zhou,&nbsp;Hafiz Ullah,&nbsp;Ma Ying","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12129-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12129-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flooding is one of the most important and challenging natural catastrophes to anticipate, and it is getting more intense and frequent. The coastal areas in Pakistan, like Karachi, are highly vulnerable to flooding, especially during the monsoon rains, which cause immense environmental and socioeconomic damage. A massive flood badly destroyed the study area in 2022. We examined the flood susceptibility in the coastal area of Pakistan using various machine learning algorithms such as Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and K Nearest Neighbor. Flood points were identified and validated using Landsat data, Google Earth, and news sources to generate a flood inventory map. A total of 262 flood spots were selected and randomly divided into 70% for training and 30% for validation. Susceptibility maps were validated using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and confusion matrix. In this research, remote sensing data was utilized to validate flood-prone areas using the Sentinel Application Platform for remote sensing image evaluation. The RF model achieved outstanding classification accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.983, accuracy of 0.950, kappa value of 0.900, specificity of 0.992, and sensitivity of 0.902. The research is valuable since the suggested models are being evaluated for the first time in the coastal area of Pakistan to measure flood vulnerability. The flood risk map assists coastal area planners and regulatory agencies in managing and mitigating flood events. Despite its simplicity, the approach used in this study exhibits high precision, making it applicable for expert knowledge-based flood mapping in other regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}