Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Spatio-temporal characteristics and factors influencing groundwater recharge in a large agricultural drainage lake basin, northwest China","authors":"Keyi Zhang,&nbsp;Shen Qu,&nbsp;Jiaming Zhou,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Zhao,&nbsp;Hairu Mao,&nbsp;Zilong Liao,&nbsp;Xiangqian Yu,&nbsp;Ruihong Yu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12188-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12188-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Ulansuhai Lake basin is a key agricultural region in northwest China. However, the impact of climate change and human activities on groundwater recharge patterns is not understood well. Herein, water samples during different seasons were analysed for δD and δ¹⁸O. Based on HYSPLIT and statistical methods, the results show that groundwater recharge primarily comes from agricultural irrigation return flow and precipitation. During monsoon seasons, precipitation infiltrates and recharges shallow groundwater, while in the autumn irrigation period, evaporated water recharges shallow groundwater via soil infiltration. Spatially, the eastern basin experiences more rainfall recharge, leading to heavy isotope depletion, while irrigation activities in the western basin result in isotopic enrichment. Factors including elevation, evapotranspiration, salinity, and irrigation influence the isotopic composition of groundwater, demonstrating significant regional and seasonal variations. Recharge from high-altitude areas usually leads to isotope depletion, while an increase in potential evapotranspiration enhances the enrichment of δ¹⁸O and δD. Additionally, the rise in salinity caused by evaporation is closely associated with isotope enrichment, and the infiltration of high-phosphorus concentration irrigation water further promotes isotope enrichment. This study provides new insights into the groundwater recharge characteristics in the Ulansuhai Lake basin and encourages the management of groundwater resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the static and dynamic strength of cement solidified coastal soft clay in China: a review","authors":"Deluan Feng,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Zixin Lin,&nbsp;Shihua Liang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12252-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12252-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coastal regions are typically characterized by extensive deposits of soft clay, which are notable for their high water content, high compressibility, high organic matter content, low bearing capacity, low permeability, and prolonged stabilization time, collectively referred to as “three highs, two lows, and one long”. Solidification treatment stands out as a prevalent and effective method for enhancing the properties of this soft clay. An in-depth understanding of the static and dynamic characteristics of cement-solidified soft clay is essential to ensure the long-term safety and stability of coastal foundations. This paper reviews the static and dynamic properties and durability of cement-solidified coastal soft clay, elucidates the multi-scale coupling mechanism of cement solidification in coastal soft clay, addresses the existing research gaps, and proposes future research directions. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for the advancement of both scientific research and practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and spatial distribution in soils of lavrio mining area, Greece: A meta-synthesis","authors":"Ourania Daferera,&nbsp;Konstantinos X. Soulis,&nbsp;Orestis Kairis,&nbsp;Dionisios Gasparatos","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12280-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12280-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Lavrio mining district, well known for its millennia of mining and metallurgical activity, has attracted increasing attention due to its polymetallic pollution. The present pollution can possibly pose a threat not only to the environment but also to the local population. In this study, utilizing geochemical data collected and screened from the latest published articles (2018–2022), environmental, non-carcinogenic, and carcinogenic risks were assessed using advanced pollution indices. The objective is to evaluate the environmental and health risks and to produce hazard maps corresponding to Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Arsenic elements. The data underwent statistical analysis to examine the possible effect of the metallurgical processing waste zones on the studied Potentially Toxic Elements-PTEs. Findings reveal that risk is highest across all the applied environmental indices except for Zn according to the Er index. Cadmium, Pb, and As may pose non-carcinogenic risks, while As has a cancerous effect on adults and children and Pb is dangerous solely in the case of children. All PTEs show a positive correlation between them with Cd and Zn displaying a significantly positive correlation, while a negative correlation is observed between PTEs’ content and the distance of the sampling points from the mines. The distribution fit of the PTEs’ concentration was not normal, and the waste zones were identified as a pollution source for Cd and As. The results underscore the necessity for further study in the area with a new dense grid sampling and new measures to rehabilitate the polluted soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12280-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing soil temperature forecasts: an integrated evaluation of input variable selection techniques and their synergistic potential in predictive modelling","authors":"Seyed Mostafa Biazar,&nbsp;Golmar Golmohammadi,&nbsp;Rohith Nehunuri,&nbsp;Amartya Saha,&nbsp;Kourosh Mohammadi","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12254-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12254-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil temperature is a critical factor influencing plant growth, crop yield, and ecological processes. This study evaluates feature selection techniques to improve soil temperature forecasting. We applied these techniques to 39 weather stations across Florida, using meteorological data spanning 2000 to 2022, with 13 input variables, including evapotranspiration and minimum temperature. Three models, namely Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Time series (N-BEATS), are used. Moreover, three optimization algorithms are applied to improve the MLP model’s accuracy: Adam, RangerAdaBelief, and AdaBelief. When integrated with the innovative SS_MLP_AdaBelief model, the standout method, Stability Selection demonstrated significant predictive accuracy, underscoring the importance of evapotranspiration and minimum temperature as key variables. The model achieved an RMSE of 0.328, an NSE of 0.873, and a CC of 0.95 at the Alachua station, demonstrating strong predictive performance. Similar trends were observed across multiple locations, indicating the model’s consistency and reliability in soil temperature forecasting. Despite the N-Beats model’s limitations, our comparative analysis, visualized through Taylor diagrams, emphasizes the necessity for precise feature selection and the synergistic application of variables and models. This research not only advances the field of soil temperature prediction but also offers valuable insights for future applications, highlighting the potential of methodical feature selection and model integration in overcoming the challenges of traditional deep learning approaches. Future research should explore hybrid deep learning architectures, larger datasets, and real-time predictive applications. This study advances soil temperature forecasting by demonstrating the synergistic impact of feature selection and optimization techniques, contributing to precision agriculture, climate change adaptation, and environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated approach to investigate groundwater nitrate nitrogen pollution and remediation simulation in Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki, Japan","authors":"Kei Nakagawa,&nbsp;Hiroki Amano,&nbsp;Fumiaki Shinkai,&nbsp;Ai Wakasa,&nbsp;Ronny Berndtsson","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12279-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12279-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is the general source of drinking water in the Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki, Japan, and consequently, occurring nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) pollution in the groundwater is a significant problem. Although various countermeasures have been implemented, nitrate nitrogen concentrations remain serious. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate effects of different potentially effective countermeasures by simulating various remediation processes using numerical calculations. First, to determine the status of nitrate nitrogen pollution and groundwater quality, we sampled and analyzed 179 groundwater and spring water samples from 2011 to 2021. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to characterize the water quality. A trilinear diagram classified most groundwater samples into Ca-HCO₃ and Ca–(SO₄ + NO₃) types. A small number of samples were classified as Na-HCO₃ type. PCA extracted three principal components, accounting for 82% of the total variance. The extracted principal components indicated that mineral dissolution with water–rock interaction, nitrate nitrogen pollution, denitrification, and seawater pollution control the water chemistry in the study area. HCA classified 179 samples into five clusters. The combination of PCA and HCA results revealed that each cluster had markedly different ion concentrations depending on the degree of influence of each principal component. The nitrate nitrogen concentration ranged from 0.1 to 42.8 mg/L, and the average was 4.5 mg/L. Compared with the Japanese drinking water standard of 10 mg/L, 23 sites (13%) exceeded the standard. The spatial distribution of nitrate nitrogen concentration showed that nitrate nitrogen pollution is particularly severe in the northeastern region. Therefore, a numerical model of groundwater flow and nitrate nitrogen transport was developed to simulate nitrate nitrogen behavior in the northeastern region. To simulate the remediation process from nitrate nitrogen pollution, the reduction in nitrate nitrogen supply from agricultural land (fertilizer) and livestock facilities was assumed to be between 0 and 80% in 20 cases. The simulation results showed that the current pollution situation is a result achieved over the past 44 years. To reduce pollution in the most effective way, a 40% reduction in fertilizer applied to agricultural land is necessary. This is likely to reduce the nitrate nitrogen level in groundwater to permissible levels after approximately 50 years. These simulations of the remediation process are important for the determination of reduction target of the pollutants and necessary administrative decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modeling framework for control of nonpoint source pollution and evaluation of best management practices for identification of critical source areas","authors":"Ayse Muhammetoglu,&nbsp;Ozgun Akdegirmen,&nbsp;Secil Tuzun Dugan,&nbsp;Pelin Orhan","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12278-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12278-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a modeling framework for nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control which involves the use of the MapShed hydrological model and the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP8) to identify critical source areas (CSAs) for improving in-stream water quality at the watershed scale based on the efficiencies of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) for NPS load reductions. The study area is the coastal watershed of the Lower Aksu Stream in the south of Turkey. Extensive data collection facilitated model calibration, validation, and scenario analyses. There was a good agreement between the model predictions and measurements related to flow rate and water quality parameters. The most effective scenario (S3) combining BMPs for agriculture, pastureland, and animal waste management achieved significant annual load reductions: approximately 40% for total nitrogen (TN) and 25% for total phosphorus (TP). Two sub-watersheds were defined as the CSAs based on the contributions to total NPS pollution loads and load reductions by the investigated BMPs. Pastureland and animal waste management practices (S1 Scenario) were most effective in sub-watershed 5 with contributions of approximately 32% for both TN and TP annual load reductions. Scenario S2 (agricultural waste management) and Scenario S3 were most successful in sub-watershed 8 with contributions of 30.3% and 27.3% for TN and 35.7% and 28.7% for TP annual load reductions, respectively. The identification of CSAs enhances the effectiveness of BMPs for NPS pollution control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12278-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the grain size distribution and heavy metal contamination of surface and core sediments in Red River estuaries in Vietnam","authors":"Nguyen Dac Ve,&nbsp;Dang Hoai Nhon,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Mai Luu,&nbsp;Le Nhu Sieu,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hong Thinh,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hue,&nbsp;Cao Thi Thu Trang,&nbsp;Bui Van Vuong,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Quan,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Van Anh,&nbsp;Hoang Thi Chien,&nbsp;Duong Thanh Nghi,&nbsp;Le Van Nam,&nbsp;Pham Thi Kha,&nbsp;Bui Thi Thanh Loan,&nbsp;Vu Thi Thanh,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Chien,&nbsp;Tran Duc Thanh,&nbsp;Le Duc Anh","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12266-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12266-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Red River system, 45 surface and 6 core sediment samples were collected in 2024 from inside rivers, estuaries, and coastal areas to assess the distribution of heavy metals in space and time. The grain sizes were analysed via sieve and pipette methods, and the heavy metals were analysed via the ICP‒MS method. The estuaries contained fine sand, very fine sand, very coarse silt, coarse silt, and medium silt. In the surface sediments, the heavy metal concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Co, and Cd were 21,272.91, 724.37, 71.14, 41.97, 31.06, 24.26, 13.07, 11.54, and 0.19 mg/kg, respectively. In the core sediments, the heavy metal contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Co, and Cd were 27,472.60, 937.00, 96.50, 51.64, 46.73, 31.04, 19.10, 14.42, and 0.23 mg/kg, respectively. Both the surface and core sediments had concentrations of Pb, Cu, and As that were higher than the interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQG). The heavy metal pollution indices with geoaccumulation (Igeo) values for Pb, As, and Cd were moderate; the contamination factor (CF) was moderate contamination (Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, and Mn), considerable contamination (Pb, As, and Cd), and high contamination (As); the enrichment factor (EF) was moderate to moderately severe enrichment (Pb, Cd, As); the potential ecological risk (ER) posed moderate to considerable potential ecological risk for As and Cd; the degree of contamination (CD) ranged from moderate to considerable; and the ecological risk (RI) ranged from low to moderate. Factor analysis and correlation analysis revealed that the heavy metals originated from mainly natural sources rather than from agricultural or local industrial sources. Overall, high concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As and moderate pollution indices in estuaries may pose risks to the environment and ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of soil quality in texturally different and salt-affected soils of trans-gangetic plains of India","authors":"Gitanjli Rathore,&nbsp;Vivek Sharma,&nbsp;Manpreet Kaur,&nbsp;B. B. Vashisht","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12276-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12276-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intensive cultivation and multi nutrient deficiencies in trans-gangetic plains of India are affecting productivity potential of coarse textured, fine textured and salt affected soils which make it essential to appraise the novel soil quality indicators. The present study was carried out to analyze the variations in 36 bulk soil samples in texturally different and salt-affected soils under rice–wheat cropping system. Among soil properties, the average value of electrical conductivity (dS m⁻¹), soil organic carbon (%), exchangeable sodium (%), available nitrogen (kg ha⁻¹), available phosphorus (kg ha⁻¹), available potassium (kg ha⁻¹), available sulphur (mg kg⁻¹) and DTPA-iron, manganese, zinc and copper (mg kg⁻¹) were 1.58, 0.67, 10.7, 208, 85.4, 502, 32.3, 15.5, 5.29, 2.88, and 1.38, respectively. In soil quality index, 6 indicators in coarse textured, 5 in fine textured and 6 in salt affected soils explained the total variance of 90.5, 90.2and 93.7%, respectively. In overall, 6 indicators i.e. soil organic carbon, sulphur, carbonate + bicarbonate, soil pH, calcium + magnesium and manganese were identified as novel soil quality indicators under rice wheat cropping system of trans-gangetic plains of India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive equation for Young’s modulus in clay-rich rocks: adding complexity, reducing uncertainty","authors":"Sandra Schumacher,&nbsp;Werner Gräsle","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12261-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12261-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clay-rich rocks such as marls and claystones are of great interest for many applications which include the storage of CO₂ or the storage of spent nuclear fuel. These rocks are either regarded as potential host rocks or as caprocks. As both CO₂ storage and a nuclear waste repository require a long-term stability of the rocks under changing stress conditions, Young’s modulus is a critical parameter as it describes the stiffness of the material. Up until now, Young’s modulus is regarded as a constant with large error bars in numerical models even though it depends on several parameters. In this study, a constitutive equation for Young’s modulus is suggested whose incorporation into numerical models can considerably reduce the uncertainty with which these models are fraught. In our triaxial experiments on Opalinus Clay and Passwang Marl, Young’s modulus depends not only linearly on the effective mean stress but also on the deformation the sample has experienced during the experiment. As a proxy for this deformation acts the true axial strain which is recorded during the experiments. Our results show that using the constitutive equation for Young’s modulus, which takes these dependencies into account, the uncertainties in numerical models can be reduced significantly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12261-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the deformation and failure of a cut slope under rainfall","authors":"Jianjun Gan,&nbsp;Qirui Lu,&nbsp;Chanɡbinɡ Zhou,&nbsp;Fangzhou Liu,&nbsp;Jinglong Wang,&nbsp;Jiacheng Yu,&nbsp;Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Chenghui Wan","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12102-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12102-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On June 11, 2016, a landslide occurred in Miaoling village, Jiujiang city, Jiangxi Province, China, following continuous rainfall. An engineering geological profile indicated that the landslide consisted of a stiff crust of residual Quaternary deposits overlying a water-sensitive gravelly clay layer with a soft-plastic consistency. A geotechnical field investigation and physical models of rainfall-induced landslides were carried out in situ and in the laboratory and included the use of a new sensors to develop a geotechnical model of the cut slope. During the rainfall process in the physical simulation experiments, automatic rainfall, three-dimensional scanning, and multiparameter monitoring were conducted to analyze the resulting landslides. The results showed that the increase in moisture and the generation of pore water pressure led to changes in soil pressure and the development of plastic deformation. An analysis performed after rainfall using a strain-softening behavior model showed the initiation and propagation of plastic zones, as well as the development of landslide cracks close to the observed ones. Therefore, it was proposed that the Miaoling–Jiujiang landslide could be explained by a progressive failure mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12102-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}