Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Diagenesis and reservoir quality of fluvial sandstones: a case study of outcropped Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation in Yungang area of Datong Basin, North China","authors":"LongLong Liu,&nbsp;Chengzhi Liao,&nbsp;Shufen Huang,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Sun,&nbsp;Dong Gao,&nbsp;Hongzhi Dong,&nbsp;Rihui Huang,&nbsp;DongFeng Niu,&nbsp;An Fan,&nbsp;Wanwan Hu,&nbsp;Long Huang,&nbsp;Liyao Li,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Ming Su","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12484-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12484-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation in the Datong Basin, located in North China, is a prime example of braided fluvial depositional systems, offering an alternative to the homogeneous subsurface oil and gas reservoirs prevalent across the country. In this study, mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical analyses were conducted to identify the type and extent of diagenesis and its evolution in the sandstones of the Yungang Formation. The sandstones primarily consist of medium-grained, moderately sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite, featuring secondary dissolution pores as their dominant pore type. During the eodiagenetic stage, the primary processes include (i) mechanical compaction; (ii) cementation by early calcite, dolomite, limonite, chlorite and kaolinite, and (iii) feldspar dissolution by leaching from atmospheric precipitation. Mesodiagenetic processes include (i) further mechanical and chemical compactions; (ii) cementation by late calcite and dolomite; (ii) kaolinite and illitization of kaolinite; (iv) quartz overgrowth; and (v) feldspar dissolution. Compaction and carbonate cementation during both diagenetic stages are the primary factors controlling porosity reduction. Whereas, feldspar dissolution enhances porosity by creating valuable secondary pore spaces. Therefore, the relatively high-quality sandstones in the Yungang Formation are characterized by coarser-grained with better sorting and a high feldspar content. This research provides valuable diagenetic insights for the exploration and development of high-quality reservoirs for oil and gas resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of fresh and saline groundwater interaction in coastal aquifers: a case study from the east coast, India","authors":"Susmita Goswami,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Rai","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12488-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12488-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coastal regions are often vulnerable to seawater intrusion caused by sea-level rise driven by climate change. Therefore, it is essential to map coastal aquifers and groundwater vulnerability zones along with seawater intrusion risks for effective groundwater management. Three methods, namely the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Entropy, the AHP-Entropy model framework, and other hydro-geochemical models, have been employed to identify groundwater vulnerability zones. The results were validated and compared with intrinsic vulnerability models such as Entropy-DRASTIC and modified GALDIT (M-GALDIT). Additional hydro-geochemical approaches, including the Entropy Water Quality index, GQISWI, and HFE-D, were also utilized to assess groundwater quality. According to the Entropy-DRASTIC model, approximately 27% of the study area shows medium vulnerability, followed by about 24.31% with high vulnerability and around 24.31% with very high vulnerability. The eastern, northwestern, and southern parts are more vulnerable than other regions due to seawater mixing into the freshwater aquifers. Additionally, the seawater intrusion model, known as the M-GALDIT model, indicates that roughly 22.54% of the area is moderately vulnerable to seawater intrusion. In comparison, about 17.43% and 9.73% of the region are relatively high and very highly vulnerable, respectively. The GQISWI values in the region range from 0 to 96.96, suggesting most groundwater samples are classified as mixed water types. Factors influencing groundwater salinization include faults and fractures, population distribution, ionic exchange reactions, climatic phenomena, and seawater intrusion. The groundwater vulnerability models have been validated using the ROC curve, which shows satisfactory results, with an AUC value of approximately 0.69 for the AHP-Entropy framework integrated method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical effects on the hydro-mechanical behavior of compacted bentonite: a review","authors":"Pu-Huai Lu,&nbsp;Wei-Min Ye,&nbsp;Qiong Wang,&nbsp;Yong-Gui Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12521-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12521-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydro-mechanical behavior of bentonite-based barriers plays a key role in ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories. However, salinity of groundwater and alkaline solutions generated by concrete degradation all degrade the hydro-mechanical properties of the barrier. Based on a comprehensive review of the previous works, achievements of chemical effects on the hydro-mechanical properties of bentonite were summarized and analyzed. Hydraulic behavior shows that elevated salt concentration enhances water retention through increased osmotic suction and reduced Matric suction, though diminishes beyond 70 MPa suction in GMZ bentonite during wetting. Prolonged alkaline exposure reduces the water retention capacity, accelerated by elevated temperatures. Permeability evolution exhibits ion-specific characteristics—sodium bentonite’s hydraulic conductivity increases with salinity (diffuse double-layer thinning), yet Ca²⁺ induces lower permeability than Na⁺ due to pore-clogging, and alkaline conditions accelerate flow via dissolution-induced preferential channels. With regard to mechanical properties, the swelling behavior is jointly controlled by solution chemistry and mineral phase transitions: high salinity suppresses crystalline/double-layer swelling, cation exchange follows Na⁺&lt; Li⁺&lt; K⁺&lt; Rb²⁺&lt; Cs⁺&lt; Mg²⁺&lt; Ca²⁺&lt; Ba²⁺&lt; Al³⁺, high-density calcium bentonite generates greater swelling pressure than sodium bentonite via thickened adsorption layers, while K⁺ fixation and alkaline-induced phase transformations (e.g., illitization/kaolinization) drive swelling reduction. Mechanical responses involve coupled osmotic consolidation (reduced compression index, elevated yield stress) and chemical softening (elastic domain contraction), with unloading hysteresis governed by preserved face-to-face microstructures. Existing models achieve accurate predictions of hydraulic properties and swelling pressure through liquid limit-concentration correlations, dual-pore structure modifications, and chemically revised effective stress formulations, where hardening modulus sign inversion quantifies chemo-mechanical transitions. Future efforts should focus on three frontiers: quantifying time-dependent swelling/compression under alkaline conditions, establishing multiscale chemo-hydro-mechanical frameworks, and developing constitutive models integrating cation exchange kinetics, K-fixation thresholds, pore reconstruction, and mineral transformation thermodynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide risk using Geospatial techniques and machine learning: Shimla district of Himachal pradesh, India","authors":"Aastha Sharma,&nbsp;Haroon Sajjad,&nbsp;Md Hibjur Rahaman,&nbsp;Tamal Kanti Saha,&nbsp;Nirsobha Bhuyan,&nbsp;Md Masroor,&nbsp;Daawar Bashir Ganaie","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12522-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12522-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The frequency of landslide occurrences has increased due to climate change and human-induced alterations in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh in India. Occurrence of landslides has posed great risk to ecological, physical and social systems. Thus, assessing landslide risk is crucial for devising adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study makes concerted efforts to integrate hazard, vulnerability and element-at-risk for landslide risk assessment. The effectiveness of the multilayer perceptron model was assessed using key performance metrics. The validation of the map was carried out using confusion metrics. Landslide risk analysis revealed that most of the area falls in the very high risk followed by high, low and moderate risk. Mashobra, Basantpur, Narkanda and Rampur blocks (administrative divisions) experienced very high landslide risk. Rainfall, slope, wetness index, building density and extensive road network have been attributed to very high landslide risk. Theog, Chaupal and Rohru blocks experienced high landslide risk due to high temperature variability, high population density and low literacy rate. Stability measures, effective land use and instrument installation are suggested for enhancing adaptive capacity among communities. Thus, the comprehensive framework applied in this study may be used across other geographical regions to classify risk zones and recommend effective mitigation measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility assessment based on fuzzy set theory: Xiaowan reservoir–Lancang river","authors":"Hong Wenyu,&nbsp;Xi Wenfei,&nbsp;Yang Zhiquan,&nbsp;Gu Shixiang,&nbsp;Huang Guangcai,&nbsp;Jin Tingting,&nbsp;Zhuang Yongzai,&nbsp;Bai Shihan,&nbsp;Ma Yijie","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12505-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12505-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the influence of complex geological structures and reservoir operations, geological disasters frequently occur in reservoir bank areas. Conducting susceptibility assessments in these areas is essential for ensuring the safe and stable operation of reservoirs.In susceptibility assessments of mountainous regions, traditional models often neglect the uncertainty inherent in dynamic environmental factors. The Interval Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IIFS) model, by introducing elastic interval representations, offers a more flexible means of characterizing the spatiotemporal variability and evolutionary patterns of such dynamic factors, thereby enhancing model adaptability and prediction accuracy. In this study, ascending and descending Sentinel-1 SAR data from September 2021 to September 2023 were utilized to derive ground surface deformation using time-series InSAR analysis. Key influencing factors of reservoir bank landslides in the Xiaowan Reservoir–Lancang River section—including topography, climate conditions, and geological characteristics—were incorporated into the IIFS model to conduct a comprehensive landslide susceptibility assessment. The results show that: (1) The IIFS-based model demonstrated superior performance in landslide susceptibility evaluation, achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.902, outperforming the BPNN (0.864), Random Forest (0.790), and Information Value model (0.680). Additionally, the IIFS model achieved an F1-score of 0.85, precision of 0.82, and recall of 0.88, indicating strong classification performance and balance. (2) High-susceptibility zones were primarily concentrated on the left bank of the upstream section of the Xiaowan Reservoir–Lancang River, with the extremely high susceptibility area accounting for 13.28% of the total, encompassing 21 historical landslide points. The landslide density in this zone was approximately 32% higher than that predicted by the BPNN model. (3) Sensitivity analysis with ± 5% perturbations applied to key input factors—such as DEM, annual rainfall, and InSAR deformation velocity—showed AUC fluctuations within 0.02. This indicates that the model maintains strong robustness and generalization capability when facing uncertainties in input data. Overall, the IIFS model effectively captures the uncertainty of environmental factors, enhances the prediction accuracy and spatial focus of reservoir bank landslide susceptibility, and provides scientific and practical support for geological hazard risk management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood risk assessment under land use dynamics during 2000–2020 in the yellow river basin, China","authors":"Tongqing Liu,&nbsp;Shuxia Sun,&nbsp;Naixian Wang,&nbsp;Renqing Wang,&nbsp;Peiming Zheng,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12526-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12526-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floods are one of the most devastating natural disaster events globally and are strongly influenced by land use changes. This study crafted a holistic “hazard-sensitivity-vulnerability-restorability” flood risk assessment framework, integrating data from land use, natural environment, and socioeconomic factors. Using the Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China as an example from 2000 to 2020, it analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of land use structure and flood risk, revealing their cluster pattern based on quantitative land use structure indices and flood risk index. Key findings include: (1) A gradient pattern of increasing flood risk from northwest to southeast in the YRB, with an overall trend of significant decrease followed by rebound from 2000 to 2020. (2) By 2020, land use homogenization occurred in middle-basin deserts due to grassland restoration, contrasting with down-basin fragmentation driven by built-up land expansion. (3) Global spatial correlation showed flood risk positively linked to cropland, built-up land and forest significantly but negatively associated with grassland significantly, highlighting land use trade-offs in flood mitigation. (4) Local spatial correlation revealed a “cold west (low risk - low structure index) vs. hot east (high risk – high structure index) \" differentiation, emphasizing zoning-based management needs. The study provides actionable insights for balancing flood resilience and land resource sustainability in the YRB. The proposed framework offers a transferable methodology for large river basins globally, particularly in regions facing coupled pressures of climate change and rapid urbanization.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response mechanism of permeability of remolded loess to AlCl3 concentration: a new discovery","authors":"Qiming Wang,&nbsp;Panpan Xu,&nbsp;Hui Qian","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12543-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12543-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unique chemical properties and hydration behavior of aluminum, combined with the abundance of silicate minerals in loess, render the seepage mechanism of aluminum solutions in loess highly complex. To explore the response mechanism of the permeability of remolded loess to AlCl₃ solutions of varying concentrations, a systematic study was conducted involving permeability tests, Zeta potential measurements, water-soil interaction analyses, and SEM observations. Results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>_<i>sat</i>) increased slightly (by 7.6%) under deionized water (DW) seepage due to weak water-rock interactions and pore expansion. Compared to DW, <i>K</i>_<i>sat</i> increased notably under seepage of 0.001–0.005 mol/L AlCl₃ solutions, as Al³⁺ hydrolysis facilitated the dissolution of minerals and the compression of the diffuse double layer, improving pore connectivity. However, as the concentration of Al³⁺ increased, the amount of Al(OH)₃ colloids generated rose, which slightly reduced pore space and caused a weak downward trend of final <i>K</i>_<i>sat</i>. Under seepage of a 0.01 mol/L AlCl₃ solution, the high concentration of Al³⁺ intensified hydrolysis, initially expanding pore spaces. However, as seepage progressed, the aggregation of Al(OH)₃ colloids produced due to hydrolysis caused significant pore blockage, resulting in an initial increase followed by a decrease in <i>K</i>_<i>sat</i>. Under seepage of a 0.1 mol/L AlCl₃ solution, the large amount of Al(OH)₃ colloids formed due to intense hydrolysis almost completely blocked intergranular pore spaces, Limiting seepage to just 0.5 days. These findings provide theoretical insights to support engineering applications in loess regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamflow estimation for underground dams using machine learning and hydrological modeling: a case study of Bartın Bahçecik underground dam","authors":"Tülay Ekemen Keskin,&nbsp;Emrah Şander","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12511-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12511-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid technological advances, agricultural expansion, and population growth ratio have accelerated the depletion of limited water resources, leading many countries, including Turkey, to emphasize the construction and use of underground dams as an effective strategy for sustainable water management. In order to contribute to the sustainability of underground dams, this study takes the Bahçecik (Bartın) Underground Dam as a case study, aiming to estimate the streamflow data required for the artificial recharge of underground reservoirs using surfacewater through wells. In this context, the streamflow of the main tributary recharging the dam was estimated by jointly evaluating machine learning techniques and hydrological basin modeling results. Time Series Analysis, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and the similar basin area ratio methods used at the study. Time Series Analysis yielded Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values ranging from 0.086 to 13.969%. The ANN method demonstrated superior performance in flow estimation at the E13A031 gauging station, achieving a coefficient of determination (𝑅²) of 0.802, while an 𝑅² value of 0.88 was obtained for the 2018 flow estimation of the Ovacuma Stream. These results underscore the effectiveness of integrating hydrological investigations with machine learning approaches in supporting sustainable water resource management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable AI using ensemble machine learning with integrated SHapley additive explanations (SHAP)-Borda approach for estimation of the safety factor against soil liquefaction","authors":"Uğur Dağdeviren,&nbsp;Alparslan Serhat Demir,&nbsp;Caner Erden,&nbsp;Abdullah Hulusi Kökçam,&nbsp;Talas Fikret Kurnaz","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12466-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12466-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In most of the studies on soil liquefaction prediction based on Machine Learning (ML), the models presented are presented in a closed box structure. In the studies where the effect of the features on the model performance is analyzed with Interpretability methods, it is seen that the order of effect of the features changes for each ML algorithm. This situation makes the results of the studies conducted on the same subject inconsistent. In this study, we propose an integrated SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-Borda approach to overcome this problem. With this study, we provide decision makers with ease in explaining ML models by combining SHAP analysis results with the Borda method for the first time. In the study, ensemble ML algorithms were used for soil liquefaction prediction using data collected from the literature. The performances of the model predictions obtained by hyper parameterization were compared, and correlation results ranging from 0.91 to 0.93 were obtained. Ensemble ML algorithms that were found to be successful as a result of evaluating other performance criteria were analyzed with the SHAP-Borda approach in the study. It has been observed that with the proposed SHAP-Borda approach, the interpretability results of different ML algorithms can be brought together, and a final result can be presented, providing ease of evaluation for decision makers. The study also shows that (N₁)₆₀ and a_max are the most effective features in predicting soil liquefaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvesting nature’s bounty: leveraging flood water diversion for sustainable agriculture and pisciculture in wetlands","authors":"Asish Saha,&nbsp;Shanbor Kurbah,&nbsp;Pradip Kumar Bora,&nbsp;Ranjit Das,&nbsp;Bajitborlang L. Chyne,&nbsp;Diganta Barman","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12512-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12512-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flood-prone regions in the Himalayan foothills, such as Assam’s Lakhimpur district, India frequently experience monsoonal inundation, sedimentation, and dry-season water scarcity. This study presents the first of its kind nature-based floodwater management framework by utilizing seven identified wetlands for floodwater diversion, storage, and multipurpose reuse. Wetland selection was carried out using Sentinel-2 imagery; applying criteria such as ≥ 10 ha surface area, ≤ 3.5 km proximity to rivers, and location within moderate or lower flood hazard zones. Wetland storage capacities were estimated using 1 m LiDAR-derived DEM, incorporating enhancement through 2 m excavation and 2.55 m-high embankments (top width: 3.51 m; base width: 8.65 m). Hydrological modeling using HEC-HMS demonstrated high accuracy (NSE: 0.859 to 0.891), simulating peak discharges of 1012 m³/s (Ranganadi) and 120.4 m³/s (Singra). Least-Cost Path analysis was used to identify gravity-driven diversion routes, enabling the design of unlined canals (depth: 2 m; base width: 11 m), with estimated construction costs between ₹1.49–2.49 Crores. Sediment load assessment, based on CWC guidelines, revealed high sedimentation in the Ranganadi (11,085 tons/day) and minimal in Singra (176 tons/day), with site-specific check dams (10 for Ranganadi and 6 for Singra catchment) proposed for mitigation. The potential of using stored floodwater during lean seasons was evaluated through CROPWAT 2.0, showing irrigation feasibility for up to 1,980 ha of land with crops such as potato, maize, and cabbage for both catchments, and support cage pisciculture, generating over ₹34,000 per cage/year. This integrated approach offers a scalable, cost-effective model for flood mitigation, water reuse, and rural livelihood enhancement in sediment-rich Himalayan catchments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}