Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Study on the release of LNAPLs in the capillary zone via ERT and GPR in an outdoor experiment","authors":"Pengyu Liu,&nbsp;Guojun Wan,&nbsp;Qingxing Mei,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Shuai Shao","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-11997-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-11997-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The capillary fringe serves as a zone of persistent release for Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs). Investigating the migration and diffusion of LNAPLs within this zone is beneficial for subsequent remediation processes. In this study, the release process of LNAPLs in the capillary fringe was simulated in outdoor experimental pits. By combining cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (CHERT), ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology, and chemical analysis of samples, the study comprehensively explored the migration process of LNAPLs in both the capillary fringe and the aquifer, as well as the detection efficacy. The results indicate that, under certain liquid phase pressures, LNAPLs persistently release into the capillary zone. Their downward migration is influenced by buoyancy from the aquifer and capillary zone water, hindering the downward migration of some LNAPLs, which instead migrate horizontally, displacing water to form circular high-saturation LNAPL source zones resembling concave lenses. After the cessation of LNAPL release, the source zones evolve under the combined effects of LNAPL liquid phase pressure and diffusion, with plumes continuously spreading. CHERT reflects the diffusion process of LNAPLs in the capillary fringe and aquifer; however, the calculation of saturation values presents a certain degree of error due to the uncertainty of the oil-water state. GPR can delineate the distribution boundaries of high-saturation source zones but has limited accuracy in monitoring the diffusion of plumes with lower oil saturation. This study provides important references for the application of CHERT and GPR in detecting the distribution of LNAPLs in the capillary fringe and aquifer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environment quality of surface sediments in relation of heavy metals in Hangzhou Bay","authors":"Weifeng Liu,&nbsp;Shengfa Liu,&nbsp;Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12007-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12007-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hangzhou Bay is facing the environmental pressure brought by the economic development of the surrounding areas, but the comprehensive and systematic study of heavy metals in the sediments is still insufficient. In this study, heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and V) in 231 surface sediments in Hangzhou Bay were analyzed to evaluate their spatial distribution, contamination status and controlling factors. The contents of metals in sediments had a low level and were not facing serious ecological risk. However, most metals exhibited higher contents in the central and northeastern parts of Hangzhou Bay, while Cr, V and Zn showed elevated contents in the adjacent area of the Qiantang River mouth, where the environmental quality assessment of metals showed low-to-moderate contamination. The heavy metals in the sediments were primarily from natural sources and their distribution was mainly dominated by the grain size of the sediments. However, most metals in the central and northern coastal areas, as well as the Qiantang River mouth were found to have high contents and indicated relatively serious contamination. This study could provide detailed background information for the future study of heavy metal geochemistry in the region, and serve as a basis for the study of modeling the heavy metals environmental behavior in sediments in coastal zones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active faulting and seismicity, Northwest Pakistan: a case study of Peshawar Basin Pakistan","authors":"Muhammed Irfan Faiz,&nbsp;Sajjad Ahmed Sr,&nbsp;Shuhab D. Khan,&nbsp;Gohar Rehman,&nbsp;Adnan Khalid,&nbsp;Sajjad Ahmed,&nbsp;Ihtisham Islam,&nbsp;George Kontakiotis,&nbsp;Hammad Tariq Janjuhah","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-11989-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-11989-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Active Faults in urban and densely populated areas are of great importance to understand, as these faults may be of high risk to life and property. Peshawar Basin covers Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and other populated areas of the Swabi, Mardan, Nowshera, and Charsadda districts. This research article focuses on active faulting and seismic activity in the Peshawar Basin. Fault causes a sudden release of energy in the form of an earthquake when stress exceeds the Strength of a rock. More than 12,000 earthquakes have been reported in the Peshawar Basin, ranging from 1 to 5.7 on the Richter scale. The shallow nature of these earthquakes is a clear indication of ongoing tectonic activity in the region, resulting in active faults in the Peshawar Basin. Intense Field observations and detailed Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis analysis confirm active faults in the Peshawar Basin. Field observations of Peshawar Basin cover the study of infrastructures along the active faults where only 10% of the rocks are exposed. Fracture data was collected from infrastructure and this data was carefully analyzed as well. Based on this analysis six active faults are marked. Charsada-Takhbhai Fault, Mardan Fault, Pir Piai Fault, and Swabi Fault are marked as normal, whereas Pir Sabak and Ghorghushti Fault are thrust faults in nature. Normal faults and tilting were also observed in the alluvial deposits, on a small scale, but it is a manifestation of the same phenomenon on a larger scale in the Peshawar Basin. In the Southern part of the Peshawar Basin, active faults were identified and recognized in the near past. This research is significant because it covers the whole Peshawar Basin and this study was never done before. This research shows that these active faults particularly the Swabi fault may be of high risk to the world’s largest earth-filled Tarbela dam and surrounding areas. Subsidence of more than 2 cm per year is observed in the area along the Swabi and Ghoghasti faults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of salt precipitation on evaporation resistance under different soil textures","authors":"Hongchao Wang,&nbsp;Xinhu Li,&nbsp;Jialin Li,&nbsp;Mengmeng Cui,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Ren,&nbsp;Haodong Jin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12014-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12014-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of salt precipitation on evaporation in saline soil is an important issue with adverse effects for water management and soil ecosystem services. Although much is known about this issue, there is no agreement on the mechanism by which salt precipitation affects evaporation. In this study, soil column experiments with different textures (fine sand, sandy soil and silt loam) saturated with salt solution (sodium chloride) were employed to investigate the influence of salt crust on evaporation resistance, and a mathematical equation was proposed to quantify the evaporation resistance. The results show that salt commonly precipitated as efflorescence on different soil surfaces and inhibited evaporation, but that it exhibited significant differences. Salt crusts inhibited evaporation in saline soils with varied particle sizes by 18%, 24%, and 60%, while the corresponding pore sizes of salt crusts were 19.05 μm, 5.55 μm, and 0.94 μm, respectively. The salt crust on the soil surface with smaller particle size exhibited smaller pore size and poor pore connectivity, which resulted in greater configurational resistance to vapor flow through salt crust and increased evaporation resistance. The equation based on salt crust pore characteristics can effectively explain the differential mechanism of salt precipitation resistance to evaporation (R² &gt; 0.96). These findings provide new insights into salt precipitation and water transport in saline soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A general kinematic approach to the effect of rock mass saturation on the stability of 3D rock slopes","authors":"Xueliang Zhu,&nbsp;Shuai Shao,&nbsp;Shengjun Shao,&nbsp;Yufei Ji,&nbsp;Ao Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-11992-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-11992-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rainfall and groundwater level fluctuation lead to frequent rock slope instability accidents. In order to analyze the influence of rock mass saturation on rock slope, the relationship between saturation and uniaxial compressive strength is introduced into the shear strength of rock mass. A kinematic LA method is proposed to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) stability of rock slopes under different rock mass saturations. A hybrid optimization method is simultaneously employed to find the critical solution of the stability factor and the critical failure surface. The proposed method is confirmed to be accurate and effective through comparisons with previous solutions. The results study show that rock mass saturation significantly influences slope stability, with a sharp decline in stability observed at saturation levels below 0.6, and a more gradual stabilization beyond this point. The slope stability factor decreases significantly with the increase of the constraint width of the failure mechanism, indicating the importance of the 3D effect in slope stability analysis. The results provide practical insights for engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated hydraulic conductivity of uncemented and lightly cemented high-density tailings for surface disposal","authors":"Zeinab Faraji,&nbsp;Mamadou Fall","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12019-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12019-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, innovative approaches to tailings management, such as thickened tailings and paste tailings technologies, have emerged as effective disposal techniques for high-density tailings (HDTs). Environmental performance remains a crucial design criterion for HDT structures; however, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on key performance properties and design parameters for uncemented HDT (UCHDT) and lightly cemented HDT (LCHDT). Many of these characteristics, including leachability and susceptibility to acid mine drainage, significantly influence environmental impact and are closely linked to hydraulic conductivity. In response, this study presents novel experimental insights into the saturated hydraulic conductivity of HDTs, specifically focusing on UCHDT and LCHDT with a Portland Cement content (PCI) ≤ 2%, under various curing conditions and HDT compositions. The findings underscore a time-dependent nature of hydraulic conductivity in HDT (UCHDT, LCHDT), with a discernible decrease observed as curing time progresses. Moreover, the composition of the mix exerts a notable impact on permeability. A reduction in permeability is discernible with higher solid content and binder content, with this decrease being particularly pronounced in the initial stages (≤ 7 days). Additionally, the initial sulfate content present in the pore water of the tailings significantly influences the permeability of LCHDT. Furthermore, under drained curing conditions, a significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity is observed, particularly accentuated in LCHDTs. Moreover, experimental results indicate that the permeability of specimens subjected to rewetting after the first day of curing remains largely unaffected, while for samples rewetted after being cured for 7 days, hydraulic conductivity exhibits a significant increase. Lastly, consolidation is shown to lead to a decrease in hydraulic conductivity, especially notable at early ages (≤ 7 days), as highlighted by the results of this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Shannon entropy-based model for the gas adsorption process by coal","authors":"Zhongfan Zhu,&nbsp;Luoying Li","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adsorption behavior of gas by coal layers is crucial for preventing and controlling mine gas disasters, alleviating supply issues related to conventional fossil fuels, and reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the gas adsorption process in coal using a probability method based on Shannon entropy theory. The proposed entropic model effectively predicts the temporal variation of gas adsorption in coal, demonstrating a high correlation coefficient of 0.941, a relative error of 0.101, and a low relative root mean square error of 0.201. Furthermore, the maximum gas adsorption capacity identified in the entropy-based model is closely associated with several influencing factors, including temperature, pressure, moisture content, coal particle size, and coal type. The calibrated entropic model features a straightforward mathematical form and serves as a valuable tool for predicting variations in gas adsorption amounts in various engineering scenarios, provided that certain conditions (temperature, pressure, moisture content, and coal characteristics) are established from limited datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated geological study in an offshore renewable energy test site: a case from the Basque continental shelf (Bay of Biscay, Spain)","authors":"Iván Asensio,&nbsp;Lidia Rodríguez-Méndez,&nbsp;Néstor Vegas,&nbsp;Aitor Aranguren","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12009-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12009-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Testing and research centres for offshore renewable energy, exemplified by facilities like BIMEP (Biscay Marine Energy Platform) on the Basque coast of Spain, play a crucial role in driving the energy transition. This study utilises pre-existing data at the facility site, such as high-resolution bathymetry and granulometric information from sediment samples, to conduct a comprehensive geological analysis including both sedimentary and rocky seabed. A litho-structural analysis is presented, including a lithological prediction for the continental shelf, the recognition of the main structures, such as NW-trending folds and predominantly NE-SW oriented fractures, and a detailed fracture analysis. Sedimentary seabeds are analysed through a Seabed Sediment Map, illustrating a granulometry-based NE-SW oriented banded distribution. Bedforms are also studied, they are asymmetric and mainly oriented NE-SW. The Seabed Sediment Map and the bedform analysis reveal the effect of an SE-directed bottom current as the main mechanism controlling sediment mobility. This current matches with the predominant swell from the NW and with the direction of the most energetic waves in the area. This approach could serve as a methodological example, offering a cost-effective means for the preliminary geological characterisation of offshore energy sites, and is crucial for establishing a baseline (‘zero state’) before the deployment. This baseline is essential for evaluating and mitigating the impact of new infrastructure on sediment dynamics, which subsequently affects the overall functioning and health of the marine ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-024-12009-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Geo-AI with RS & GIS for comprehensive assessments of urban land cover transformations and integrated responses","authors":"Sajid Mahmood Farooqi,&nbsp;Ambrina Kanwal,&nbsp;Muhammad Zaman-ul-Haq,&nbsp;Zafeer Saqib,&nbsp;Nadia Akhtar,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq,&nbsp;M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud,&nbsp;Muhammad Mubbin,&nbsp;Syed Atif Bokhari","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12005-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12005-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poorly conceived urbanization negatively affects the urban environment, particularly in developing nations such as Pakistan. The resultant degradations undermine urban ecological and environmental integrity. Resource, knowledge, and governance-related constraints further aggravate the situation. This study compares spatial-temporal trends in land use and land cover (LULC) transformation from divergent contextual settings such as Attock, Faisalabad, and Islamabad, Pakistan. The cities were selected for their contrasting models of urban planning. The study can be a yardstick for all similarly planned towns in developing countries. In this study, we used the Landsat 5 and 8 in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) from 1990 to 2020. We also used high-resolution imagery to validate the results in the GEE. We modified the supervised classification with geo-Ai. From 1990 to 2020, all three cities experienced significant changes in land cover. In Attock, agricultural land expanded from 65.48% to 74.51%, while barren land and tree cover decreased, and built-up areas grew substantially, reaching 13.47%. Faisalabad saw a notable increase in built-up areas from 10.45% to 26.51%, with a corresponding decline in agricultural land from 86.24% to 68.87%. Islamabad’s built-up area rose dramatically from 6.02% to 29.04%, with reductions in tree cover and agricultural land, reflecting intensified urbanization. The concluding assessments demand a focus on LULC management in countries like Pakistan to tackle hyperactive urbanization. Studies such as this are significant for possibly addressing this threat in similar contextual settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated remote sensing and geochemical approach for mapping the Kamal layered mafic intrusion in the Arabian Shield, Northwest Saudi Arabia","authors":"Fahad Alshehri,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahab,&nbsp;Mokhles K. Azer,&nbsp;Chaitanya B. Pande,&nbsp;Faris A. Abanumay","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-11995-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-11995-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research uses Remote Sensing techniques in integration with field, petrographically and geochemical studies to identify the lithologies of Kamal layered mafic intrusion (KLMI) that is exposed in the Yanbu suture zone (YSZ) in northwest Saudi Arabia. The KLMI represents a good example of post-collisional layered mafic intrusion that intrudes subduction-related island arc assemblages, ophiolitic rocks and syn-tectonic granitoids. It consists of lower units of olivine gabbro and gabbronorite that overlies by hornblende gabbro, anorthosite and diorite. This research uses Visible Near Infrared (VNIR) and Short-wave infrared (SWIR) of the ASTER image. To map the KLMI red, green blue (RGB) combination, decorrelation stretch (DCS), band ratios (BR), principal component analysis (PCA), minimum noise fraction (MNF), and spectral angle mapper (SAM) technique were used in integration with geochemical data. The FCC (False Color Composite) and DCS results show the hydrothermally altered zones; the BR differentiated the KLMI in dark red color from all other rocks. The PCA 135 and MNF 135 differentiated among the igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic lithologies. The SAM results classify the KLMI and Nabat complex into the best correlation with the published map and geochemical results. The geochemical findings reveals well-defined geological profile of Neoproterozoic rocks, including schists, gneisses, ophiolites, and various intrusive formations. The post-collisional nature of the KLMI is characterized by its unmetamorphosed and undeformed state. The analyzed gabbro samples of the KLMI have metaluminous and calc-alkaline characters. The association of the KLMI with ophiolitic ultramafic rocks provides valuable insights into the geological evolution of the Yanbu suture zone. All the results were correlated with the published maps of the Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia with a scale of 1:250,000. The obtained data revealed that the overall accuracy is 77.6%, encouraging remote sensing to identify and map further suture zones. The results will help with local scale mapping of the area and, eventually, aid in exploring important mineral deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}