Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Groundwater storage projection in headwater basins under different climate conditions in Southeast Brazil","authors":"Camila L.C. Ribeiro,&nbsp;Pâmela A. Melo,&nbsp;Jorge A. Guzman,&nbsp;Maria L. Chu,&nbsp;Carlos R. de Mello","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13172-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13172-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater resources in watersheds are rapidly depleting due to increased water use. In southeastern Brazil, droughts have intensified over the past 20 years, driven by changes in temperature and rainfall regimes. This study assessed groundwater in two headwater basins with contrasting climates in Minas Gerais State, namely the Grande and Jequitinhonha River basins, under climate warming scenarios to quantify potential impacts on water storage. The selection of these watersheds was intended to serve as a reference for potential future climate impacts in this region, given that human intervention in these watersheds was relatively low over the last 20 years. This study expands upon the findings from a previous study, which assessed groundwater storage behavior based on observed time series in the same river basins. The MHD-INPE hydrological model was used for simulations, with climate projections extending through 2099. Minimum annual groundwater storage was estimated using the Brutsaert method and baseflow simulations, and the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were used to assess trends in groundwater storage. Our analysis revealed significant decreasing trends in groundwater storage in both watersheds. Compared with the baseline, reductions were observed in all projections, with the largest decline in the 2071–2099 projection under RCP 8.5 in the Grande River basin (74.4%), indicating that this basin may become less resilient to climate change over the century. These findings may support decision-making through water resources management tools, such as water allocation mechanisms, thereby helping mitigate impacts on the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13172-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential early indication of tectonic ground movements by water-well monitoring datasets, with short-term forward modeling","authors":"Yaakov Anker,&nbsp;Assaf Keller,&nbsp;Joseph Guttman,&nbsp;Annat Yellin-Dror,&nbsp;Akiva Flexer,&nbsp;Boaz Ben Moshe","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13154-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13154-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tectonic ground movements in the form ot earthquakes can devastate infrastructure and cause significant casualties once their magnitude is 6 and above. This study investigated early indications of such seismic activity through the correlations with temporal variations in groundwater properties. An automated real-time monitoring network was deployed along the Jordan Rift Valley system, utilizing non-operational wells with confined aquifer conditions near major active faults. Wells were equipped with sensors that monitored water levels, conductivity, and temperature, transmitting the data to a central server. Seismic data from the Geophysical Institute of Israel were correlated with hydrogeochemical measurements to establish mathematical relationships between groundwater properties and earthquake magnitude. Most earthquakes (Mw &lt; 5) showed post-event groundwater reactions or sporadic early indications. However, a Mw 5.5 earthquake with an epicenter 400 km south of monitoring sites produced anomalies several hours before its occurrence. Forward trajectory modeling detected precursory signals in two of four wells, affecting both water level and conductivity. Four independent observations generated an earthquake alert more than an hour before the event, demonstrating the potential of groundwater monitoring for early indication of seismic events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13154-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-dimensional settlement characteristics of loess high-fill foundations: insights from centrifuge model tests","authors":"Jie Cao,&nbsp;Jiwen Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Han,&nbsp;Xiao Dong,&nbsp;Xiaosan Chen,&nbsp;Jun Duan,&nbsp;Yuanqiang Zhou,&nbsp;Lan Zhou,&nbsp;Zhi Liu,&nbsp;Qingyi Mu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13167-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13167-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid development of western China has intensified the human‑land conflict in the gully regions of the Loess Plateau, prompting local governments to reclaim land through loess high‑fill foundations (LHFF) to support urban construction. Due to the unique engineering properties of loess and the large thickness of compacted fill, LHFF undergo significant settlement during both the construction and post‑construction stages, posing challenges to subsequent engineering works. In this study, centrifuge model tests were conducted to realistically simulate the stress state of LHFF and to continuously capture the overall settlement evolution during and after construction. Three test series were designed by varying moisture content, compaction degree, and fill height. The results show that: (1) the settlement curves of LHFF are fluctuating, and the settlement exhibits hysteresis; (2) total settlement increases with higher moisture content, lower compaction degree, and greater fill height; (3) settlement of LHFF mainly originates from consolidation of loess during the construction stage, accounting for 85–95% of the total settlement, and this proportion increases with higher moisture content, lower compaction degree, and greater fill height; and (4) settlement within LHFF varies with location and depth, and does not increase monotonically with depth. This study is expected to provide a mechanistic reference for engineering practice in loess high-fill projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13167-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of geospatial and meteorological approaches to flood risk assessment and monitoring","authors":"Phila Sibandze,&nbsp;Ahmed Mukalazi Kalumba,&nbsp;Gbenga Abayomi Afuye","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13155-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13155-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing flood frequency, exposure and impacts associated with climate change, rapid urbanisation, and environmental change have intensified the need for robust flood risk assessment and monitoring frameworks. This systematic review synthesises advances in geospatial, hydrological, hydraulic, meteorological, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches to assess their methodological development, operational applicability and emerging research priorities. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, 2,150 records were retrieved from Web of Science and Google Scholar. After duplicate removal, 1720 records were screened, 500 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 190 studies published between 1985 and 2025 were included in the final thematic synthesis. Four principal methodological domains emerged from the reviewed evidence: geospatial technologies, hydrological and hydraulic modelling, meteorological approaches, and AI-enabled flood susceptibility, prediction and forecasting. Cross-cutting operational constraints included data availability and quality, inconsistent validation, computational requirements, model interpretability and transferability, interoperability and institutional readiness. Across individual study contexts, integrated geospatial-AI approaches frequently reported strong predictive capability and enhanced spatial analysis and decision support potential. However, substantial heterogeneity in datasets, spatial resolutions, validation procedures and performance metrics limits direct quantitative comparison across studies, particularly across contrasting hydroclimatic and data-constrained settings. This review advances the field through a comprehensive comparative synthesis of flood risk assessment methodologies and proposes a review-derived conceptual framework that explicitly connects methodological capability with validation, operational readiness and decision support. The findings identify key methodological advances, persistent implementation barriers and future priorities for developing more transparent, transferable, scalable and operationally robust flood risk assessment systems to support climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13155-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geologically constrained dynamic evolution and early warning of urban resource-environment carrying capacity: a case study of Jinan, China","authors":"Linze Le,&nbsp;Xiugui Wang,&nbsp;Chao-Sheng Tang,&nbsp;Ting Wang,&nbsp;Zhixiong Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13148-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban resource environment carrying capacity (RECC) is increasingly challenged by nonlinear interactions among socioeconomic development, resource depletion, and geological environmental degradation. However, existing assessments often neglect the cumulative feedback effects of groundwater depletion and geological responses. This study develops a city-scale system dynamics (SD) model integrating six subsystems (population–economy, land, water resources, ecology, environment, and geological environment) to simulate RECC evolution in Jinan, China, during 2021–2031. A groundwater–geological feedback module is incorporated to explicitly represent the interactions among groundwater abstraction, groundwater depletion, land subsidence, and development constraints. A scenario-based early-warning framework is further developed to identify nonlinear degradation trajectories under alternative scenarios. Model validation indicates satisfactory performance, with <i>R²</i> and NSE values ranging from 0.87 to 0.97. Results reveal a transition from development-driven expansion to resource- and geo-environmental constraint regulation. Under the business-as-usual scenario, available water resources decline by 40%, the groundwater recovery index reaches − 0.35, land subsidence increases by 25%, and RECC declines by 28% by 2031. Water and geo-environmental constraints jointly contribute 71% of total RECC limitations, and a critical groundwater stress threshold is identified at approximately 1.15 (groundwater recovery index = − 0.15), beyond which degradation accelerates. Compared with business-as-usual, the resource-optimization scenario increases available water resources by 56%, reduces water pollution by 64% and land subsidence by 31%, delays high-level warnings by 2–3 years, and maintains 92% of per-capita GDP. These findings highlight the importance of groundwater–geological feedbacks for dynamic RECC assessment and sustainable urban planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13148-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial associations between urbanization, watershed runoff potential, and groundwater-depth change in a Semi-Arid Alluvial Plain, Multan, Pakistan","authors":"Arif Ullah,&nbsp;Yicheng Wang,&nbsp;Hejia Wang,&nbsp;Jia liu,&nbsp;Meer Muhammad Sajjad,&nbsp;Imran Hussain,&nbsp;Haider Abbas,&nbsp;Hussain Nazim","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13164-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13164-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater decline in irrigated semi-arid alluvial plains reflects interacting land-surface, climatic, pumping, and hydrogeological controls. This study evaluates spatial associations among urbanization, Curve Number-based event-runoff potential, regional climate variability, and groundwater-depth change in Multan, Pakistan. Thirty-nine wells with pre- and post-monsoon observations for 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 were assigned to four watershed groups delineated using an approximately 30-m DEM and HydroBASINS Level-12 topology. Land-use/land-cover maps for 2010, 2015, and 2020, SoilGrids Hydrologic Soil Group data, and regional NASA POWER climate data for 2003–2018 were summarized using the same watershed boundaries. Mean groundwater-depth increases from pre-monsoon 2005 to post-monsoon 2018 were 19.32, 7.21, 5.76, and 15.69 m in Groups 1–4, respectively. Only Group 1 had a 95% confidence interval excluding zero. Urban fraction increased in all groups, while mean Curve Number values remained high and increased modestly by 0.24–0.64. Scenario calculations indicated only modest changes in event runoff. Climate analysis showed modest spatial rainfall variability, no significant trends in precipitation, temperature, or reference evapotranspiration, and no significant exploratory climate–groundwater relationship. The non-monotonic group patterns indicate that the available land-surface and climate indicators cannot independently explain the observed groundwater changes. The framework identifies priority areas for additional hydrogeological monitoring and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13164-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-pathway fluoride exposure and human health risk assessment: An integrated framework review","authors":"Jie Gao,&nbsp;Yanan Yang,&nbsp;Kunfu Pi,&nbsp;Qianyong Liang,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Yaping Zhang,&nbsp;Chenxi Dai","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13156-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13156-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluoride contamination is a persistent public health concern, yet existing risk assessments often emphasize individual exposure pathways, most commonly drinking water, and may not fully capture the substantial variation in health outcomes observed across communities with similar drinking-water fluoride concentrations. Drawing on a structured database-based search of the peer-reviewed literature, this review synthesizes evidence on fluoride sources, cross-media environmental transport, multi-pathway human exposure, health outcomes, and risk assessment methodology, aiming to link these elements within an integrated evaluation framework. Dental and skeletal fluorosis remain the most consistently documented outcomes of chronic excessive exposure, supported by well-characterized dose-response relationships. Evidence for renal and hepatic effects is reviewed with attention to the limited and inconsistent human evidence base. Neurodevelopmental and endocrine effects are examined with explicit consideration of the methodological limitations that currently prevent causal conclusions. The progression of fluoride risk assessment is examined from deterministic screening models through probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation to machine learning-based spatial prediction, with attention to how these approaches may function as complementary components of a unified framework. Connecting machine learning-predicted fluoride concentrations across environmental media to multi-pathway intake models, and then applying probabilistic simulation to characterize population-level risk distributions, may provide a more comprehensive basis for identifying dominant exposure routes and informing pathway-specific interventions than single-pathway deterministic assessment alone, although the complete workflow requires empirical implementation and external validation. This integrated perspective addresses a gap in existing reviews, which have addressed groundwater occurrence, toxicological mechanisms, or remediation separately, but have not systematically connected multi-pathway exposure characterization with evolving assessment methodologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13156-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of amplifying effect of antecedent drought on rainfall-induced shallow landslides","authors":"Dogukan Tayyar,&nbsp;Hakan Tanyas,&nbsp;Resul Comert,&nbsp;Anil Yildiz,&nbsp;Tolga Gorum,&nbsp;Nihat Sinan Isik,&nbsp;Mehmet Ekmekci","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13171-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13171-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are typically attributed to short-term meteorological triggers such as rainfall intensity and duration. However, the influence of antecedent hydrological conditions, particularly prolonged dry spells, has received limited attention despite their potential to alter soil behavior significantly. This study investigates the role of antecedent dry spells on landslide occurrence in the clay-rich terrains of the eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye. Four intense rainfall events from two study sites were examined. At both sites, the later event followed a prolonged dry period and produced a substantially larger mapped landslide inventory despite lower landslide-day rainfall than the earlier event, which occurred under wetter antecedent conditions. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this behavior and evaluate whether it was evident across the event inventories, we combined mechanistic numerical simulations with a data-driven statistical analysis. Numerical simulations indicate that a configuration representing crack-related hydraulic and mechanical changes enhances infiltration and reduces matric suction, resulting in strength reduction and lower slope stability. Additionally, a Generalized Additive Model incorporating landslide-day precipitation, the 30-day Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-30), local relief, slope steepness, and aspect reveals that landslides are more likely to occur when intense rainfall coincides with drier antecedent conditions rather than under persistently wet conditions. The model showed consistent discriminatory performance under grouped tenfold cross-validation, with an overall ROC AUC of 0.836 based on combined validation-fold predictions. These findings suggest that in clay-rich environments, conventional rainfall thresholds used in predictive models may underestimate landslide occurrence probability when preceded by dry spells. Incorporating antecedent drought indicators into forecasting frameworks may improve the representation of landslide probability, although validation across additional events and locations is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13171-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 and CH4 fluxes from monomictic volcanic lakes in a remote oceanic island: Flores island case study (Azores)","authors":"Letícia Ferreira,&nbsp;César Andrade,&nbsp;J. Virgílio Cruz,&nbsp;Franco Tassi,&nbsp;Adriano Pimentel,&nbsp;Diogo Braga,&nbsp;Jorge Frias,&nbsp;Pedro Raposeiro,&nbsp;Duarte Toubarro","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13139-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13139-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flores Island, situated in the Azores archipelago, is a volcanic island formed by overlapping stratovolcanoes. The island hosts several volcanic freshwater bodies, some of them present poor ecological state. Flores Island maar craters lakes were studied to assess greenhouse gas emissions, through investigation of temporal and spatial variations of the diffuse CO₂ (ΦCO₂) and CH₄ (ΦCH₄) flux. Comprida, Negra, and Funda lakes were the selected study cases, with four field surveys combining geochemical and microbial analyses. Water composition varies between Na-HCO₃, Na-HCO₃-Cl, and Na-Cl-HCO₃, showing low variation across surveys. The total CO₂ flux (calculated by Graphical Statistical Approach) shows higher emissions at Funda Lake (1.06 ± 0.26 and 1.02 ± 0.36 t d^− 1), as the other lakes present values as high as 0.39 ± 0.08 t d^− 1. All of them showed lower ΦCO₂ during the second survey (August), as high temperatures enhance photosynthetic activity. ΦCH₄ values range between 0.64 and 6.28 kg d^− 1, with higher emissions at Funda Lake, although bellow worldwide lake averages. ΦCO₂ values were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than ΦCH₄. Microbial communities and their diversity varied between lakes, with Negra and Funda lakes depicting stronger seasonal shifts. During winter mixing of the water column appears to favor anaerobic processes, enhancing microbial respiration and potential CO₂ release from sediments, and enrichment in syntrophic taxa and potential CH₄ oxidizers (e.g. <i>Syntrophaceae</i>, <i>Methylomonadaceae</i>). Results indicate that ΦCO₂ and ΦCH₄ emissions are mainly controlled by biogeochemical processes, and show that the trophic state of a lake ecosystem can enhance the greenhouse gases emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13139-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to a watershed-scale solution: Transforming oyster shell and expansive soil into a hydrophobic barrier for intercepting rainfall recharge and stabilizing slopes","authors":"Song Yang,&nbsp;Yuqin Wu,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Zaizhi Yang,&nbsp;Kunpeng Zhang,&nbsp;Qiongming Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-13149-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-13149-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rainfall-induced cracks easily trigger slope collapse and severe geological disasters, while conventional crack grouting materials are costly and high-carbon emission. Massive waste oyster shells (OSP) and expansive soil (ES) are in urgent need of resource utilization. This paper proposes a sustainable filling material for sandstone fissure anti-seepage, which is prepared by local waste oyster shell from Qinzhou mixed with expansive soil and octadecylamine (ODA) to achieve hydrophobicity. Macro experiments and micro characterization were adopted to investigate the hydraulic-mechanical performance and modification mechanism of the composite material. The results indicate that when OSP content is 30% and octadecylamine (ODA) dosage is 2.4%, the ES+ODA+OSP mixture exhibits durable superhydrophobicity with contact angle over 90°, and the Water Droplet Penetration Time (WDPT) exceeds 3600 s. The desiccation crack ratio of modified soil is reduced by 78.5% compared with untreated expansive soil. Micro-mechanism analysis shows that ODA produces long-term hydrophobicity by melting coating particles, blocking pores and intercalating into montmorillonite interlayers, which increases the basal spacing by 9.5%; OSP acts as inert filler to restrain soil swelling. A 134-day model test was carried out to evaluate its rainfall infiltration interception performance. Monitoring data show that the saturation fluctuation of modified material at different depths is less than 7.2%, much lower than the 34.2%–75.1% of pure expansive soil. This research develops a new green geotechnical engineering technical route to solve slope geological hazards by solid waste recycling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13149-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}