Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Response of cultivation suitability for Polygonatum kingianum to climate change in China","authors":"Mingyu Zhao,&nbsp;Hao Jia,&nbsp;Jiongchao Zhao,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang,&nbsp;Iqra Laraib,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Shi,&nbsp;Jiale Hao,&nbsp;Qingquan Chu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12304-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12304-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Polygonatum kingianum</i> is an important cultivated Chinese medicinal herb in southwest China. Assessing the impact of climate change on its cultivation suitability is crucial for optimizing cultivation locations, developing climate-appropriate strategies, and improving both yield and quality. In this study, we employed the MaxEnt model and utilized comprehensive datasets, including 222 occurrence data of <i>P. kingianum</i>, climate data from 707 meteorological stations, soil characteristics, and topography, to evaluate changes in the cultivation suitable distribution in China from 1961 to 2020 at a 1 km² spatial resolution. Our findings revealed that solar radiation from June to October, precipitation from September to November, elevation, isothermality, and precipitation of the coldest quarter were the main environmental variables influencing the cultivation suitability of <i>P. kingianum</i>. The cultivation suitable areas for <i>P. kingianum</i> were primarily located in the southwest mountainous regions of China, encompassing Yunnan, Guizhou, central and eastern Sichuan, and Chongqing Province, with a total coverage of 10.05 × 10⁵ km² (5.53 × 10⁵ km² in forested areas). Over the past 60 years, the cultivation suitability for <i>P. kingianum</i> has increased in the western, northern, and eastern boundaries due to a decrease in solar radiation from June to October. However, it has declined in the central area due to a decrease in precipitation from September to November. The findings of this research contributed to the development of effective cultivation plans and offer guidance for the sustainable management of <i>P. kingianum</i> resources in the face of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12304-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-machine interactive refined identification of complex rock discontinuities using photogrammetric techniques: Case studies from a candidate HLW repository site in China","authors":"Yang Yang,&nbsp;Wentao Xu,&nbsp;Xiaozhao Li,&nbsp;Xiaodong Ma,&nbsp;Chao-Sheng Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12287-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12287-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The natural discontinuities present within the surrounding rock significantly influence the integrity of the rock mass, particularly in underground rock engineering, where these discontinuities serve as critical geological structures that can lead to tunnel destabilization and facilitate groundwater movement. This paper systematically presents a methodology for the fine identification of complex discontinuities in surrounding rock using close-range photogrammetry. Firstly, the photogrammetry-based method tailored for various rock engineering scenarios and the 3D digital reconstruction technology specifically devised for surrounding rock images are presented. Building upon this foundation, we propose a human–machine interaction method aimed at the meticulous identification and extraction of discontinuities in surrounding rock. This method comprises several key steps: (1) enhancement of the Laplace smoothing algorithm to eliminate noise of non-rock structures; (2) segmentation and detection of discontinuities; (3) labeling and assignment of key feature points associated with these discontinuities; and (4) identification and fitting of the identified discontinuities. To investigate the performance of the proposed methods, we selected two representative cases: a section of an underground excavation tunnel and a surface granite outcrop located at China’s first high-level waste geological disposal site. The results demonstrate that employing high-resolution images combined with high-precision point clouds effectively captures intricate texture details associated with discontinuities. The proposed approach exhibits exceptional performance in the fine identification and extraction of complex discontinuities, with interpreted discontinuity orientations aligning well with in-site geological compass measurements. In comparison to the widely utilized state-of-the-art Discontinuity Set Extractor (DSE), the method presented herein achieves significant improvements in both identification efficiency and result visualization. This advancement contributes to addressing challenges associated with fine identification of complex linearly exposed discontinuities. Overall, this study offers a convenient and cost-effective solution for accurately identifying complex exposed planar and linear discontinuities encountered in rock engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and evaluation of manganese background value of shallow groundwater in jidong plain and study on the causes of high background value","authors":"Yue Wang,&nbsp;Haowei Yuan,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Zhihui Qu,&nbsp;Rui Qi,&nbsp;Wei Du,&nbsp;Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12311-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12311-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal contamination of groundwater is a major challenge to ensuring a safe global water supply. Mn²⁺ ions have become the main contributing indicator of shallow groundwater exceeding Class III water in the Jidong Plain, posing a threat to the local ecological environment and the health of residents. In this study, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Mn²⁺ were investigated based on the water chemistry analysis and geological conditions of 171 shallow groundwater samples. The study used mathematical and statistical methods to calculate the background values and found that 66% of the groundwater was unsuitable for direct drinking through the EWQI water quality evaluation method, and the high-Mn groundwater was mainly distributed in the coastal areas. The results show that the migration and enrichment of Mn²⁺ are closely related to the nature of the overburden and the conditions of groundwater runoff. Long-term monitoring of Mn²⁺ content and management measures is recommended to ensure the safety of groundwater quality. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for further rational evaluation of the shallow groundwater quality and the degree of groundwater pollution in the Jidong Plain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and assessment of abiotic stresses in hot semi-arid ecosystem of western India using analytical hierarchy process and machine learning models","authors":"Nobin Chandra Paul,&nbsp;G. P. Obi Reddy,&nbsp;Nirmal Kumar,&nbsp;K. Sammi Reddy,&nbsp;Bhaskar Bharat Gaikwad,&nbsp;Dhananjay D. Nangare,&nbsp;N. G. Patil,&nbsp;D. S. Mohekar","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12272-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12272-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abiotic stress refers to non-living environmental factors that adversely affect crop growth, development, and productivity. Accurate mapping of abiotic stresses is essential for effective agricultural planning and resource management. This article introduces a novel approach for abiotic stress mapping by integrating various terrain, climatic, pedological and vegetation parameters using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and AHP-integrated machine learning (ML) models for the Pune district, a hot semi-arid ecosystem of western India. The abiotic stress map was generated through three key steps: first, datasets acquisition and processing, where relevant thematic layers were collected and pre-processed; second, AHP-based weightage assignment and consistency analysis, where thematic layers and their sub-classes were assigned, weights based on expert judgment, and consistency was verified; and third, generation of the abiotic stress map using the weighted sum approach. The final abiotic stress map was generated by integrating the reclassified weighted thematic layers. Furthermore, the result of AHP was used with other thematic layers to build AHP-integrated ML models. The generated map was validated using high-resolution Google Earth imagery at randomly selected locations to ensure robust verification. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created with these selected points to confirm the model’s ability to effectively discriminate between different stress levels. The results indicate that high and very high-stress zones are predominantly located in the southern and southeastern parts of the district, mainly in Purandar, Baramati, Indapur, and Daund tehsils, where drought, shallow soils, and low annual rainfall (&lt; 550 mm) are prevalent. The study demonstrates the potential of the AHP and combined ML models in abiotic stress mapping and identification of hot spots with reasonable accuracy and the findings of the study can be applied to develop combating strategies to reduce the impact of abiotic stress on agricultural systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding of Cs(I) and Am(III) retention behaviour on Vindhyan argillaceous clay for evaluating its suitability for nuclear waste management","authors":"Aishwarya Soumitra Kar,&nbsp;Priyanka Balan,&nbsp;M. K. Das,&nbsp;S. Jeyakumar,&nbsp;R. K. Bajpai,&nbsp;M. K. Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12269-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12269-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global investigation of geological barriers is advancing for their use in nuclear waste management. Argillaceous clay-based repositories appear to be a suitable and viable option for the management of high-level nuclear waste (HLW). The retention behaviour of Cs(I) and Am(III) on Vindhyan argillaceous clay has been examined from this perspective. The characterization of Vindhyan argillaceous clay indicated that it mostly comprises illite (25%) and quartz (75%), with a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 210 meq kg⁻¹, which is notably higher compared to other clays. The investigation of the influence of time, pH, ionic strength, radionuclide concentration, and temperature on the sorption of Cs(I) and Am(III) by Vindhyan argillaceous clay indicated that Cs(I) sorption occurs through ion exchange, whereas Am(III) sorption become apparent through both ion exchange and surface complexation. Thermodynamic parameters for the sorption reactions were derived from equilibrium constants determined by modelling the profiles of Cs(I) and Am(III). The sorption of Cs(I) was enthalpy-driven, whereas the sorption of Am(III) was entropy-driven.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12269-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of freeze‒thaw on soil loss under simulated composite upslope inflow and rainfall erosion in the black soil region of northeast China","authors":"Qing Bai,&nbsp;Lili Zhou,&nbsp;Haoming Fan,&nbsp;Donghao Huang,&nbsp;Defeng Yang,&nbsp;Hui Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12306-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12306-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freeze‒thaw (FT) is the main cause of decreasing soil erodibility and changing hydrological characteristics during spring thawing period in the black soil region of northeast China, which further affects soil erosion. However, there is relatively limited research on the impacts of FT on upslope inflow and rainfall (RRI) composite erosion during this special period. This study simulated three combinations of upslope inflow (RO) rate (0.34, 0.5, and 0.67 L min⁻¹), rainfall (RF) intensity (80, 120, and 160 mm h⁻¹), and RRI (0.34 L min⁻¹‒80 mm h⁻¹, 0.5 L min⁻¹‒120 mm h⁻¹, 0.67 L min⁻¹‒160 mm h⁻¹) under FT and unfrozen (FT_UN) soil condition. The results showed that (1) FT extremely increased the sediment yield rate (SER) of RO and RF by 1750.0% to 5235.6% and 3.1% to 97.7%, respectively, while SER of RRI increased by 12.1% to 70.4%; (2) RRI had a nonlinear superposition amplification effect (SAE) on SER. During FT_UN, the average SAE was 293.9%, which decreased with increasing flow discharge; FT weakened the SAE, and the average SAE was 51.1%, increasing with the increase of flow discharge; (3) The domination force in RRI had been changed from RF during FT_UN to RO during FT; (4) Flow velocity (V) showed the best explanation to SER in RRI. However, the determination coefficient decreased from 0.62 to 0.56 after FT. Under the influence of FT, the critical V of RRI increased from 0.05 m s⁻¹ to 0.08 m s⁻¹. Under the influence of FT, RRI erosion intensified the SER, weakened the SAE, and changed the dominant force. Moreover, the V is the optimal hydrodynamic parameter for predicting RRI erosion. The research results can deepen the understanding of the erosion mechanism of RRI under the influence of FT in the black soil region of northeast China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on local primary support method for tunnels based on the zoning results of excavation disturbed zone","authors":"Jixu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Fu,&nbsp;Chao Tan,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhou,&nbsp;Qian Sheng,&nbsp;Chen Xu,&nbsp;Jiaming Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12268-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12268-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reduce tunnel construction costs, primary support methods are often optimized from the perspective of the support structure, while neglecting the influence of the surrounding rock, as the supported object. Firstly, a model test of primary support methods for tunnels was conducted to investigate the pressure, displacement, and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock under unsupported and full-face supported conditions. A preliminary concept for a local primary support method, which is based on the degree of disturbance cause by excavation in the surrounding rock, was proposed. Subsequently, using the Finite-Discrete Element Method, a quantitative index, the Crack Propagation Index (CPI), was introduced to characterize the degree of crack propagation, and a zoning standard for the Excavation Disturbed Zone (EDZ) based on the CPI was established, while a precise method for zoning the EDZ was proposed. The zoning method for the EDZ was applied to tunnels with different rock strength, revealing the influence of rock strength on the EDZ and validating the accuracy of the proposed zoning method. Finally, based on the zoning results of the EDZ, a local primary support method was developed. Shotcrete combined with anchor bolts was applied to the surrounding rock in the excavation fracture zone, while only shotcrete was used in the crack propagation and tiny crack zones. Compared to unsupported conditions, the local primary support increased the ultimate bearing capacity of the surrounding rock by 38.3%, ensuring rock stability and enhancing the economic efficiency of tunnel construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the reliability of data interpolation and machine learning methods for water quality management: a SWAT model comparison","authors":"Shubo Fang,&nbsp;Matthew J. Deitch,&nbsp;Tesfay G. Gebremicael","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12313-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12313-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to data scarcity and the time-consuming nature of process-based modeling, SWAT often faces challenges in its application. This study evaluates the reliability of simple spatial interpolation using monitoring data, combined with advanced machine learning techniques, including Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, and K-means clustering, to identify critical source areas (CSAs), key stressors, and thresholds for water quality management. Similar to SWAT-based analyses, the study found that forest cover and human-modified land use significantly affect total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) levels, while also revealing population density as an additional influential factor. GAMs showed that human-disturbed land use drives TN pollution, and population density is key to TP enrichment. ROC analysis identified thresholds of 40.91% for forest cover (close to SWAT results) and 10.21% for human-disturbed areas, which is lower than SWAT-based estimates. A population threshold of 239 significantly impacted TP, a factor not identified by SWAT modeling. K-means clustering highlighted clusters 1, 4, and 5 as high-priority areas, and SWAT modeling indicated that managing these clusters—covering 47.39% of the watershed—could mitigate 42.66% of TN and 41.34% of TP. While this approach cannot fully replace SWAT modeling, but simple and time saving, it proves to be helpful for identifying CSAs and informing water quality management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of karst rocky desertification and its driving factors on a large spatial scale utilizing google earth engine","authors":"Sangui Yi,&nbsp;Yuanhe Huang,&nbsp;Zongling Liu,&nbsp;Fangmin Long,&nbsp;Shu Li,&nbsp;Lishuang Sun,&nbsp;Lvjing Luo,&nbsp;Hongxin Su","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12282-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12282-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Karst rocky desertification (KRD) profoundly impacts the ecological health and sustainable development of karst areas. However, few studies have examined its evolution and driving factors on a large spatial scale. This research analyzed the KRD’s evolution and driving factors in southwestern China from 1990 to 2020 using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The main results were as follows: 1) Over the past three decades, KRD evolution demonstrated a trend of general improvement but localized deterioration. 2) Area transitions mainly occurred between non-rocky desertification (NRD) and light rocky desertification (LRD) in all periods, with the most significant degradation manifesting as the shift from NRD to LRD. 3) Among the single factors, precipitation consistently had the greatest contribution. Key interacting factors included combinations of precipitation and slope, precipitation and land use, slope and soil texture, and slope and wind speed. To address these findings, policymakers should implement localized KRD control projects with more focus on preventing NRD deterioration and conduct more in-depth research on the impacts of precipitation, geology, and human interference on KRD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12282-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and sources of winter PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon in the high-altitude region of Qinling Mountains","authors":"Chun-Yang Wang,&nbsp;Shun Xiao,&nbsp;Rui-Ting Cai,&nbsp;Wen-Tao Du,&nbsp;Na Mi,&nbsp;Sui-Xin Liu,&nbsp;Jian-Bao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12229-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12229-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study represents the first investigation into the pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols in the high-altitude region of Taibai Mountain in the Qinling Mountains during the winter season. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM_2.5) samples were collected from December 2019 to February 2020. The OC/EC ratio, principal component analysis, and backward trajectory analysis were employed to characterize the composition and potential sources of carbonaceous components in PM_2.5. The results showed that during the winter sampling period, the average mass concentrations of PM_2.5, OC, and EC were 49.20 ± 27.73 μg/m³, 9.88 ± 3.68 μg/m³, and 2.01 ± 1.04 μg/m³, respectively. OC and EC accounted for 20.1% and 4.1% of PM_2.5, with an OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.98 to 9.94 and an average of 5.47, indicating a significant contribution from secondary organic carbon (SOC). The average SOC concentration was 3.88 ± 1.65 μg/m³, contributing 42% of OC and 7.9% of PM_2.5. Under varying air quality conditions, OC concentrations increased with pollution levels, whereas EC concentrations initially increased and then declined. The temporal variations of OC and EC closely followed those of PM_2.5, suggesting relatively stable local emission sources during the sampling period. A combination of PCA, backward trajectory, PSCF, and CWT analyses identified road dust, coal combustion, vehicle emissions, and industrial pollution as the dominant sources of carbonaceous aerosols. The PSCF and CWT results further revealed distinct spatial and seasonal variation in source regions. From December 2019 to January 2020, major contributions originated from the Guanzhong Plain (e.g., Xi’an, Xianyang, Baoji) and southern North China (southern Shanxi, northern Henan), where winter heating-related coal combustion and industrial emissions dominated. By February 2020, the high-contribution regions shifted southwestward to the northern Sichuan Basin and southern Shaanxi, reflecting seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation. The study demonstrates that both long-range transport and local emissions significantly influence wintertime carbonaceous aerosol levels in the high-altitude Qinling Mountains. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating seasonal transport dynamics in formulating cross-regional air pollution control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}