Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion processes by applying IntErO model within the Mkhdach catchment (Middle Atlas of Morocco)","authors":"Hasan Ouakhir, Nadia Ennaji, Mimoun Goumih, Jawad El Hawari, Omar Ghadbane, Omaima Elkbichi, Mohamed Chakir, Mohamed El Ghachi, Naoual Loudifa, Abdellah EL Badaouy, Hanane Bouyazri, Khouyaha Rachid, Ahmed Azdod, Mohammed Rizki, Larbi Barhazi, Asmae Nouayti, Velibor Spalevic","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12946-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12946-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water erosion processes primarily cause soil degradation and environmental issues in Morocco. The Middle Atlas Mountains have faced significant problems related to soil erosion. In addition to the actual increase of this phenomenon, this study aims to (i) evaluate soil erosion dynamics using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model, (ii) identify the main environmental factors controlling sediment generation within the Mkhdach Mediterranean headwater catchment, and (iii) validate the model outputs through field monitoring of representative gullies between January 2021 and December 2023. Some representative gullies were monitored to estimate the rate of soil loss in this headwater. To achieve this goal, the study applied the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) method in conjunction with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the soil erosion dynamic in the study area. Field observations were used to analyze the interaction between soil properties and precipitation related to rainfall erosivity. Representative gullies were monitored between January 2021 and December 2023 to assess soil erosion dynamics under varying rainfall conditions. The studied catchment covers an area of approximately 2,537 hectares (> 25 km²) and is characterized by geological formations dominated by marls, red clay, limestone, and shale, which influence soil erodibility and sediment generation within the basin. Consequently, the obtained results indicate that rainfall is characterized by a significant variability at annual and seasonal scales. This variability is in line with the Mediterranean climate’s tendency for irregular rainfall distribution. The modeling results revealed a substantial intensity of soil erosion, with a total estimated sediment production of approximately 417,484.70 m³ yr⁻¹. Considering the catchment’s deposit retention coefficient (Ru = 0.34), only a portion of this material is expected to remain within the basin, while the remainder is effectively exported as sediment yield. Accordingly, the net or “actual” soil loss reaching the outlet was estimated at 143,368.44 m³ yr⁻¹, corresponding to approximately 51.2 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ when normalized by basin area. A Pearson correlation matrix of key IntErO parameters revealed strong interdependencies between erosion variables and highlighted the central role of precipitation in soil erosion and sediment generation. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the IntErO model assumes simplified relationships between variables and may have several limitations that can underestimate or generalize complex erosion processes. These findings indicate a high risk of excessive soil erosion compared with other small Mediterranean mountain catchments, mainly due to the basin’s erodible lithology and limited vegetation cover, which together amplify runoff and sediment yield intensity. Gully erosion is a complex process in the studied area, indicating the high inte","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12946-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning techniques for hyperspectral imaging classification: challenges and opportunities","authors":"S. Sudharsan,&nbsp;R. Hemalatha,&nbsp;S. Radha","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12942-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12942-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rapid evolution of computing technologies has enabled the development of advanced deep learning (DL) techniques, which have shown significant potential in Earth observation (EO) applications for analyzing remotely sensed data. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), while offering rich spectral and spatial information for detailed surface characterization, presents substantial challenges due to its high dimensionality and data volume. Recently, DL-based classification methods have attracted considerable research attention for their ability to automatically learn discriminative spectral-spatial features from HSI data. This article presents a comprehensive review of current DL approaches for HSI classification, systematically examining their strengths, limitations, and application domains. Key challenges associated with DL-based HSI analysis, including limited labelled data and high computational demands, are also discussed, along with potential strategies to address them. The reviewed methods demonstrate wide applicability across diverse classifications such as pixel-wise semantic (agriculture, forestry, and environmental monitoring), scene level (disaster management), target detection (mineral exploration), and compressed sensing. Advances in DL have significantly improved hyperspectral image classification accuracy, enabling deeper insights into complex environmental systems and supporting innovative solutions for natural resource management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12942-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the overtopping failure of moraine dams under avalanche-induced surge waves","authors":"Yiliang Zhou,&nbsp;Baoliang Wang,&nbsp;Qi He,&nbsp;Fen Wang,&nbsp;Changyun Shi,&nbsp;Yifan Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12951-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12951-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increase of extreme climate in recent years, a large number of landslides and avalanches have frequently occurred. And the surge wave caused by avalanches often poses a serious threat to the stability of moraine dams. In this paper, the breaching mechanisms of moraine dams under the action of avalanche-induced surge waves were investigated based on flume tests. Combined with the surge wave erosion phenomenon and the variation characteristics of the water level in front of the dam, it was found that the occurrence of dam failure did not depend on a single surge wave or its maximum, but was closely related to the subsequent reflected waves repeatedly overtopping and eroding the dam. The more times and the larger height of the effective surge waves, the more intense the erosion on the dam, the more conducive to the occurrence of dam failure. And the evolution process of the dam failure under the action of surge waves can be divided into four stages: incipient motion of particles, formation of incision and gully, accelerated erosion, erosion attenuation. In addition, based on the classical equation of erosion rate, which is closely related to the erosion resistance and the shear stress, a criterion of overtopping failure for moraine dams under surge waves has been established, which considers the net overtopping height, effective erosion times and duration. When the total cumulative erosion depth leads to the effective dam height to be lower than the upstream water level, the dam can be considered unstable.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12951-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated hydrogeocemical and seasonal assessment of groundwater using ionic ratios, gibbs and piper methods in Madurai North Taluk","authors":"M. Ravi,&nbsp;M. Dinesh Kumar,&nbsp;M. Tholkapiyan,&nbsp;V. Venkatraman","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12924-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12924-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive hydrogeochemical and temporal assessment of groundwater quality was conducted in Madurai North Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India, to evaluate its suitability for drinking over 15 years (2008–2022). Groundwater samples collected during pre- and post-monsoon seasons were analyzed for major physicochemical parameters. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater composition were interpreted using Gibbs diagrams, Piper trilinear diagram, ionic ratio plots, and multivariate statistical techniques. TDS ranged from 531 to 4251 mg/L, with elevated concentrations of Na⁺ (1150 mg/L), Ca²⁺ (512 mg/L), Cl⁻ (1758 mg/L), and HCO₃⁻ (1104.1 mg/L), often exceeding BIS and WHO drinking water limits. Gibbs diagram results indicate that rock–water interaction is the dominant mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry in both seasons, accounting for more than 60% of the samples. This is attributed to prolonged interaction with crystalline rocks such as granite, gneiss, and charnockite. Evaporation dominance observed in certain years (2013, 2016, and 2020) suggests salinity enrichment under semi-arid climatic conditions, along with possible anthropogenic influences. Piper trilinear diagram classification shows that mixed CaNaHCO₃ facies predominate in both seasons, followed by NaCl and CaHCO₃ types. A gradual shift toward mixed CaNaHCO₃ and CaHCO₃ facies indicates partial improvement in groundwater quality. Ionic ratio analyses suggest the combined influence of silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation. Multivariate statistical methods further distinguish geogenic controls from anthropogenic impacts such as irrigation return flow and domestic wastewater infiltration. Overall, groundwater quality is marginally suitable for drinking, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and sustainable management in this region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12924-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality assessment in south valley (Egypt) using multivariate and hydrochemical approaches","authors":"Hossam S. Jahin,&nbsp;Mostafa Y. Nassar,&nbsp;Ibrahim Alfurayj,&nbsp;Mohamed H. H. Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12882-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12882-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address freshwater scarcity, the Egyptian government has started mega developmental projects, such as the Southern Valley Development Project (SVDP), which utilizes groundwater resources to support new communities and agricultural projects. To ensure the suitability of water resources therein, water samples were collected from 19 wells distributed across the SVDP region. These samples were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. An integrated comprehensive evaluation was then followed, combining geochemical tools (Piper plots and Gibbs &amp; Chadha diagrams), principal component analysis (PCA), human risk assessment, and water quality indices (WQIs), and the results revealed that the groundwater mineral composition was mainly controlled by rock water interfaces, especially silicate and carbonate weathering, though some wells were affected by saline intrusion. The chemical composition in 58% of wells was dominated by Na-HCO₃ water. Three key components were identified by PCA: natural rock weathering (55% variance, high Na⁺/Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻), agricultural pollution (18%, NO₃⁻/PO₄³⁻), and bicarbonate enrichment (12%, HCO₃⁻). Most water samples showed medium to high salinity hazards (C2-C3) but low sodicity (SAR &lt; 10), though high RSC warned sodium buildup. Although, most potentially toxic elements were within safe limits (HI &lt; 1), elevated Fe (exceeding WHO guidelines with HI &gt; 1) and localized Pb spikes posed health risks, especially for children if not properly untreated. Thereafter, groundwater samples were evaluated for suitability for both drinking (DWQI) and irrigation (IWQI) purposes using the multivariate analysis model. Water quality indices classified 88% of samples as moderately safe for drinking (WHO) while most water samples can be classified as “good” for irrigation (FAO), except S7/S15/S18. The findings underscore the urgent need for localized groundwater management strategies which aligned with Egypt’s 2030 Water Strategy and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12882-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transboundary hydrogeology and controlling factors of euphrates water chemistry: Insights from hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and residence times in Syria and Western Iraq","authors":"Salih M. Awadh,&nbsp;Mahmood H. D. Al-Kubaisi,&nbsp;Mohd Talha Anees,&nbsp;Ahmad Farid Abu Bakar,&nbsp;Mohammad Ribie Bin Arif","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12922-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12922-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arid and semi-arid climates are critical for water security in sustainable river systems. The Euphrates River in western Iraq has been increasingly stressed by both geogenic and anthropogenic factors. This study analyzed hydro-geochemical processes, recharge dynamics, and groundwater flow modeling in western Iraq. Additionally, stable isotope tracing (δ¹⁸O, Cl⁻) integrated with hydro-chemical parameters was used to assess water quality and river-aquifer connectivity in both Syria and western Iraq. A total of 144 groundwater samples were collected annually across 12 stations in western Iraq. Surface water and groundwater data were collected from previous studies at 13 stations in Syria. Results revealed slightly alkaline freshwater conditions (pH 7.6–7.9; TDS 627–888 mg/l), evolution attributed to the dissolution of carbonate and gypsum, agricultural return flows, and industrial effluents. MODFLOW simulations and lumped-parameter modeling indicate bidirectional river–aquifer exchange, with a net river-to-aquifer flux under typical/average hydraulic conditions, although flow may locally reverse toward the river during low-flow periods, with mean residence times of 3–6 years, indicating delayed solute accumulation. Stable isotope enrichment supports evaporative concentration towards the downstream. Overall, the integrated approach reveals spatio-temporal degradation in the Euphrates River water quality controlled by the combined effect of water age, river-aquifer interaction, and anthropogenic inputs. These findings highlighted the need to synchronize monitoring with groundwater age structures and to develop integrated transboundary management strategies for sustainable water use in arid basins.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12922-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in groundwater chemistry over two decades in a fen complex impacted by surface mining in northeastern Illinois, USA","authors":"Hongbo Shao,&nbsp;Jessica L. B. Monson,&nbsp;Eric T. Plankell,&nbsp;Randall A. Locke II,&nbsp;Abbas Iranmanesh,&nbsp;Bracken T. Wimmer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12824-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12824-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hydrogeochemical investigation of a fen complex in northeastern Illinois, USA, was conducted during 1998–2020 to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities on groundwater conditions. Situated in an urban/suburban setting downgradient of various land uses, including surface sand and gravel mining and transportation corridors, the fen complex has experienced alterations in both water flow and chemistry. Long-term groundwater monitoring recorded changes in groundwater chemistry. Elevated chloride concentrations from anthropogenic sources were detected, despite the fen complex being protected as an Illinois nature preserve since 1990. Elevated concentrations of sulfate and nitrate were also observed. Although much of the area upgradient of the fen complex has remained unchanged since mining ceased, the reclamation of a quarry pit with native sand and gravel modified downgradient groundwater chemistry. Concentrations of bicarbonate and calcium, essential constituents for fen ecology, increased following reclamation and remained elevated for more than two decades. These findings provide field-based evidence that backfilling excavations with native materials of appropriate composition and texture can effectively and sustainably enhance groundwater quality. In addition, monitoring results suggest that historical surface mining activities upgradient of the fen may have reduced essential groundwater constituents and influenced fen ecological integrity. This study provides insights relevant to the management and restoration of calcareous fens and to the reclamation of surface sand and gravel mines.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12824-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation and mapping of soil texture content combining ground-based sensing, UAVs, and satellite imagery","authors":"Qi Song,&nbsp;Jianchun Hu,&nbsp;Lina Li,&nbsp;Siyu Li,&nbsp;Xiaohan Lu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12944-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12944-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the potential application of combining ground-based sensing, UAVs, and satellite remote sensing for high-precision estimation of soil properties. Taking three typical agricultural areas in the Huangshui River Basin of Qinghai as the study sites, a total of 838 soil samples were collected over three consecutive years, along with corresponding UAV hyperspectral, in-situ field spectral data, and satellite imagery. By constructing a comprehensive soil spectral data acquisition platform, the study examined the ability of different spectral data to estimate soil texture content in both laboratory and field environments, and analyzed the spatial distribution patterns. The results indicated that the content of sand and clay showed a negative correlation with soil spectra, while the silt content showed a positive correlation, with the main sensitive wavelengths concentrated in the near-infrared range. Model accuracy analysis revealed that the estimation accuracy of different spectral data followed this order: laboratory spectra &gt; in-situ field spectra &gt; UAV spectra &gt; GF1/2/7 spectra &gt; ZY1-02D spectra &gt; Sentinel-2 spectra. All six spectral datasets demonstrated the ability to estimate soil texture content. Based on the XGBoost model and four image mapping methods, it was found that soil texture content changed little in the short term. This study provides an important reference for the application of UAV and satellite remote sensing technologies in soil texture estimation and digital mapping at the field scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12944-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting characteristics of a Himalaya- and a Shillong Plateau-fed basin in the Brahmaputra catchment, Bhutan and India: A study in tectonic geomorphology","authors":"Shayani Roy,&nbsp;Saptarshi Saha,&nbsp;Sunando Bandyopadhyay,&nbsp;Ananya Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12862-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12862-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rivers leave distinct imprints on the landscape as they respond to tectonic, structural, and climatic changes over time. A river basin is likely to be shaped by active tectonic movements, which can be unravelled with the help of geomorphic analyses of historical maps, images and elevation models, employing statistical and cartographic techniques. The area selected for this work includes the 2404-km² Dhansiri (North) Basin on the northern bank and the 1440-km² Digaru Basin on the diagonally opposite southern bank of the Brahmaputra River. They drain the southern Himalaya and the northern fringes of the Shilong Plateau, respectively. This study correlates the role of neotectonics on the river basin with channel planform changes. Besides this, seven morphotectonic indices – asymmetry factor, hypsometric integral, transverse topographic symmetry factor, valley floor height to valley width ratio, river profile analysis, stream-length gradient index, and sinuosity index – are explored for insights on the imprints of tectonic activity. Field verification of selected channel reaches are also made. The findings indicate that the northern Himalayan foreland basin exhibits greater tectonic activity than the southern plateau-fringe basin. Furthermore, they reveal that the two basins are different from each other in terms of their tectonic oddity and dynamic channel character. The basins hold regional significance, influencing environmental processes through tectonic interactions, sediment fluxes, and associated disaster risks. Understanding their dynamics provides insights for regional hazard mitigation, climate adaptation, and sustainable development planning within the broader context of changing environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12862-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water at risk in India: a review of national diagnostics and adaptation priorities for sea level rise and groundwater stress","authors":"Krishna Kumar,&nbsp;Qusi Kumari,&nbsp;B. C. Kusre","doi":"10.1007/s12665-026-12918-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-026-12918-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rising sea levels and groundwater depletion are increasingly recognized as interconnected dimensions of climate change, with significant implications for coastal water security, agricultural sustainability, and food systems. Satellite altimetry observations indicate that global mean sea level has been rising at an accelerating rate since the early 1990s, driven primarily by ocean thermal expansion and increasing mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets, with a smaller yet policy-relevant contribution from changes in terrestrial water storage, including groundwater depletion. The combined effects of declining groundwater levels and rising sea levels reduce the hydraulic resistance of coastal aquifers to seawater intrusion, while elevated sea levels increase baseline flood heights and the frequency of compound flooding events. These interacting processes intensify risks to water quality, agricultural productivity, and coastal livelihoods; particularly in low-lying and deltaic regions. This review synthesizes global and India-focused literature to examine how groundwater extraction, depletion, and contamination interact with climate-driven coastal processes to influence water and food security, with particular emphasis on India’s coastal and deltaic aquifers. The novelty of this synthesis lies in explicitly linking groundwater related physical processes with India’s national coastal risk assessment frameworks including the Coastal Vulnerability Index, Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Mapping, and the Hazard Line within a diagnostics-to-operations framework. However, the review identifies priority adaptation pathways, including managed aquifer recharge, regulation of overexploited aquifers, demand-side efficiency improvements, and the integration of groundwater considerations into coastal planning and early-warning systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"85 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-12918-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}