Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Testing system and experimental study of pressure parameters of natural gas hydrate core samples","authors":"Chunhua Lu,&nbsp;Jiarun Shi,&nbsp;Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12331-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12331-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of the performance parameters of natural gas hydrates through pressure testing is extremely important for explaining the growth mechanism of hydrates existing in the formation and predicting changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the formation during hydrate decomposition. It is also the key to constructing a prediction model for the occurrence behavior of gas hydrates in the complex situations just mentioned, which is of great significance for evaluating the mode of occurrence and resource quantity of natural gas hydrates in the reservoir. Estimating the various parameters of hydrate cores using seismic or logging data often results in significant errors from actual values, and it is difficult to conduct in situ formation parameter testing under existing technical conditions. Therefore, obtaining hydrate formation cores through drilling and testing and analyzing their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties is the most reliable method. This study introduces a system that can interface with hydrate pressure to maintain core drilling tool parameters and perform on-site pressure transfer and parameter testing on hydrate cores. The system is mainly composed of core capture and cutting units, sampler pressure-maintaining units, core sample parameter testing units, core sample storage units, and temperature and pressure-maintaining units. The structure and working principle of each unit are introduced in detail. To verify the performance of the parameter testing system and the influence of the different pressure environments on the parameter testing, the system tested the longitudinal wave velocity, resistivity, and shear strength of three different hydrate simulation cores under different pressures. Research has shown that the pressure parameter testing system for natural gas hydrate core samples can work stably and reliably at a high pressure of 30 MPa. Our results show that the influence of pressure on the resistivity testing of hydrate core samples is not significant. Pressure impacts the wave velocity testing of hydrate core samples, and the higher the pressure, the greater the longitudinal wave velocity. Pressure has a great influence on the test of core shear strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field application of a non-powered artificial storage system on a representative greenhouse complex zone, South Korea","authors":"Byung Sun Lee,&nbsp;Sangjin Seo,&nbsp;Hwan-Ho Yong,&nbsp;Gyu-Sang Lee,&nbsp;Kangjoo Kim,&nbsp;Bongho Son,&nbsp;Sung-Ho Song","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12336-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12336-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To identify applicability of an infiltration basin-type artificial recharge system on an alluvial aquifer in a high-density greenhouse complex area, South Korea, a field-scale study was performed. In this area, enormous amounts of groundwater were extracted to form water-curtain on the space between interior- and exterior-plastic film of the double-layer plastic greenhouse during winter seasons. The water-curtain kept the indoor air temperature of greenhouse warm during winter night, therefore, this area has repeatedly experienced a shortage of groundwater winter seasons due to excessive pumping. This study experimentally tried to alleviate this groundwater shortage problem in winter by applying the infiltration basin-type artificial recharge method. Drainage water flowing drainage canal was used as artificially recharged water, which was transported into the small-scale test-cell (length × width × depth = 7 × 7 × 3 m³) and introduced into relatively high-permeable alluvial aquifer with gravitational pressure. Two kinds of artificial recharge experiments with recharge rates of 80,000 and 100,000 L day⁻¹ were conducted in the test-cell during eight and fifteen experimental days, respectively. Results of the experiments exhibited a significant increase of groundwater levels in the shallow aquifer. Average groundwater level increment was in proportion to the recharge rate. Daily periodic change of groundwater levels exhibited that the recharged water was used for forming water-curtain on greenhouses during night times. Meanwhile, cold temperature of the recharged water significantly dropped the alluvial groundwater temperature, which was not suitable to irrigate crops directly. Innovative methods for solving this cooled groundwater problem are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Li-bearing pegmatites in the Arabian Shield: A case study from the Mount Ablah, Asir Terran, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mokhles K. Azer,&nbsp;Hisham A. Gahlan,&nbsp;Omar Bartoli","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12286-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12286-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is currently no lithium mining activity in Saudi Arabia, although the Arabian Shield is rich in rocks suitable for economic concentrations of lithium, including pegmatites, greisen and rare metal granites, as well as ancient brines and salt deposits. The present work is the first to report lepidolite, the major lithium-bearing mineral, hosted by the Mount Ablah pegmatite, located north of the Ablah Graben, Asir Terrane. The pegmatitic rocks represent the dominant rock types in the Mount Ablah, where they are strongly brecciated along the margins and surrounded by alteration zone of sericitized rocks, and cross-cut by a number of quartz veins. They are also covered by a massive muscovite-fluorite body, here described as a greisen deposit. The studied pegmatites are medium- to coarse-grained and are of two types: lepidolite-bearing and lepidolite-absent pegmatites. The lepidolite-bearing pegmatite consists of K-feldspar, muscovite, quartz and lepidolite, whereas the lepidolite-absent pegmatite consists of K-feldspar and quartz. Fluorite, cassiterite, topaz, tourmaline and beryl are the main accessory minerals. The lepidolite forms crystals of anhedral to subhedral shapes and clusters and varies in colour from pink to purple. Geochemically, the Ablah pegmatite is characterized by low amounts of Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr, but high contents of alkaline elements, Sn (870–1205 ppm), Ta (34–61 ppm), Nb (351–469 ppm), Y (130–165 ppm), Rb (1916–2606 ppm), Cs (265–357 ppm), Li (4727–7865 ppm) and Be (309-597 ppm). These compositional features are typical of post-collisional, rare metal-bearing pegmatites of the mixed NYF-LCT family. All pegmatitic samples show positive Ta anomalies and distinct negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.14–0.21). We suggest that the source magma of the pegmatitic rocks of Mount Ablah was mostly derived from the juvenile continental crust of the Arabian Shield through partial melting, probably during the evolution of the major Shear Zone of Umm Farwah. The anatectic crustal melts were subsequently subjected to a high degree of fractional crystallization and during the latter hydrothermal stage the exsolution of F-rich fluids transported some elements and locally increased their concentrations to economic grades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical and water quality study of Lower Bilate River Catchment, Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia","authors":"Maru Fentaw,&nbsp;Ali Eissa,&nbsp;Simegnew Tadeg,&nbsp;Fenta Nigate","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12284-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12284-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study area is located in Ethiopia's Main Rift Valley, where surface and groundwater are the primary sources for household and agricultural needs. The study aims to investigate the hydrochemistry and water quality of the area using graphical, multivariate, and Water Quality Index (WQI). The result shows that the order of the principal cation and anion distributions is Na⁺  &gt; Ca²⁺  &gt; K⁺  &gt; Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; F⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, respectively. The primary water type is Na-HCO₃, which demonstrates the hydrolysis of sodium-rich silicate minerals and the evolution of groundwater. The WQI revealed that very poor water (34.2%) comprised most of the samples and was distributed throughout the study region. Following this, good water quality accounted for 21.05%, poor water quality also accounted for 21.05%, and excellent water quality represented 15.77% of the samples. The study's findings indicate that fluoride concentration, with an average value of 8.09 mg/l, is the main contributor to the region's poor drinking water quality. The problem with water quality worsens as it approaches the outlet of the catchment. In terms of irrigation water quality, the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) demonstrates that surface water (Rivers) samples (average SAR value = 2.57) were very acceptable for irrigation to groundwater with an average SAR value of 22.4. The entire surface water sample's (rivers) sodium hazard vs. salinity hazard falls into category C1-S1, and both the electrical conductivity and sodium hazard index are quite low, making it appropriate for irrigation. The study findings will assist government agencies and water management authorities in safeguarding the local population against issues related to water quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of surface drainage system on water and nutrient loss from sloping farmland in the black soil region of Northeast China","authors":"Changqiang Guo,&nbsp;Qian Zhao,&nbsp;Yingjie Dai,&nbsp;Yueyu Sui,&nbsp;Qing Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12326-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12326-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water and nutrient loss in the black soil region of Northeast China poses a serious threat to food security. By collecting soil, leachate, and rainfall runoff samples, the impact of farmland surface drainage system was examined. By the end of crop growth season, the contents of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium in the topsoil of test plot increased by 2.65%, 3.90%, -0.05%, and − 2.75%, respectively, while those of check plot changed by -9.35%, -7.8%, -21.1%, and − 3.3%. Additionally, the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the topsoil of test plot rose by 50.1%, 3.0%, and 24.6%, respectively, while those of check plot changed by 48.9%, -51.6%, and − 14.1%. The concentrations of TC, TN, and TP in the leachate from the test plot were 8.4%, 43.3%, and 30.6% lower than those from the check plot, respectively. The crop yield in the test plot increased by 3% compared with that in the check plot. The concentrations of lost nutrients in surface runoff gradually increased with prolonged runoff duration, including different forms of carbon and nitrogen, as well as TP and total suspended solid. Organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen were the main forms of lost carbon and nitrogen in surface runoff, respectively. These results indicated that the surface drainage system could reduce the nutrient loss of topsoil driven by rainfall, and preserve soil nutrients and productivity. This study provides a viable roadmap for water and nutrient conservation in the study region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranking sub-watersheds for soil erosion management in the Bhaskel basin using morphometric analysis and MCDM techniques","authors":"Padala Raja Shekar,&nbsp;Aneesh Mathew","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12299-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12299-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil erosion poses a significant challenge to soil conservation, necessitating the prioritization of sub-watersheds for effective resource management and sustainability. This study employs morphometric analysis alongside various multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, including the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), multi-objective optimisation by ratio analysis (MOORA), additive ratio assessment (ARAS), and simple additive weighting (SAW), to rank sub-watersheds within the Bhaskel basin. The criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is used to establish the weights for these MCDM methods. Furthermore, this study introduces an innovative methodology by combining the independent rankings from MCDM and morphometric analyses into a single unified priority map for soil erosion, producing a common ranking for each sub-watershed (SW). The study identified SW1, SW3, and SW6 as high-priority erosion zones needing urgent intervention, while SW2, SW5, SW7, SW9, SW10, and SW11 were medium-priority, requiring mitigation. SW4, SW8, and SW12 were low-priority with minimal erosion but still need monitoring. This integrated approach enhances decision-making by providing a more comprehensive and robust framework for sub-watershed prioritization, enabling policymakers to target high-priority areas with focused conservation and land management strategies crucial for sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial–temporal evolution of glacial lakes and multi-phase geological hazards susceptibility evaluation of Midui Gully, Xizang","authors":"Qu Yongping,&nbsp;He Jianhua","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12315-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12315-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rate of glacier retreat and glacial lake formation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is closely related to geological hazards susceptibility. Inadequate field data on glaciers, glacial lakes, geological hazards are limited, and geological hazard events are still the subject of detailed research. In this study, the multi-year data of Midui gully (the watershed area is 169.74 km²) in Linzhi, Xizang were used to analyze the evolution of glaciers, glacial lakes, and geological hazards susceptibility. This study used a unit-variable linear regression model to evaluate the spatial–temporal evolution of glaciers and glacial lakes from 2001 to 2017. The results showed that glaciers retreated at a rate of 0.0063 km²/a, while glacial lakes increased linearly at 0.0169 km²/a. The results of evaluating the spatial–temporal evolution of geological hazards susceptibility using the certainty factor and artificial neural network (CF-ANN) model indicate that there is a slow-growing tendency of geological hazards susceptibility, extremely high susceptibility (EHS) increased by 3.76%, high susceptibility (HS) decreased by 1.16%, moderate susceptibility (MS) decreased by 1.69%, low susceptibility (LS) increased by 2.18%, and extremely low susceptibility (ELS) decreased by 3.09%. The 7-phase of the area under the curve (AUC), recall, accuracy, and F1 score were greater than 96%, 0.94, 0.90, and 0.92, respectively. This study shows that glaciers are retreating, glacial lakes are expanding, and geological hazards susceptibility is increasing in Xizang. The geological hazards susceptibility obtained from the CF-ANN model has a good predictive value for high-altitude areas and provides effective guidance for further land use and tourism resource planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of pre-trained deep learning models for land use land cover classification using remote sensing imaging datasets","authors":"Irfan Haider,&nbsp;Muhammad Attique Khan,&nbsp;Saleha Masood,&nbsp;Shabbab Ali Algamdi,&nbsp;Areej Alasiry,&nbsp;Mehrez Marzougui,&nbsp;Yunyoung Nam","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12317-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12317-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comparative analysis of ten pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models, evaluated across three remote sensing datasets: EuroSat, NWPU, and Earth Hazards (Land Sliding). We investigate the interplay between model architecture and classifier selection by incorporating five different neural network (NN) classifiers, emphasizing their impact on predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. Due to its densely connected architecture, DenseNet201 achieved the highest accuracy—97% on EuroSat, 99.40% on NWPU, and 97.80% on Earth Hazards. In contrast, MobileNetV2, while slightly less accurate, demonstrated superior computational efficiency, recording the shortest prediction times of 39.943 s on EuroSat, 27.482 s on NWPU, and 2.8986 s on Earth Hazards. Additionally, classifier choice significantly influenced performance, with the Wide NN classifier excelling in diverse datasets and the Medium NN classifier optimizing speed. Our findings underscore the importance of balancing accuracy and efficiency in selecting CNN models for remote sensing applications, suggesting future research should explore ensembling techniques and lightweight models to enhance performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating acid mine drainage in complex topography areas via semi-airborne and surface geophysical surveys: a case study in Fujian, China","authors":"Nuoya Zhang,&nbsp;Huaifeng Sun,&nbsp;Song Du,&nbsp;Shangbin Liu,&nbsp;Zhiyou Huang,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Xushan Lu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12320-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12320-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acid mine drainage (AMD) has emerged as a pressing global environmental challenge. It is produced from mining area and surrounding mining operation area, which has caused environmental degradation, contamination of soils and surface and groundwater, etc. This issue is particularly pronounced at an abandoned mining site named Yanshi Town, Fujian Province. The key to AMD pollution control is to find the contamination source and migration path. Many studies have shown that the underground goaf and water fissure in coal mine area provide favorable conditions for the generation and migration of AMD. We present a multidisciplinary approach to characterize an acid mine drainage contamination source and migration path of this abandoned coal deposit, which combines geophysical, geochemical, and statistical methods. A comprehensive contamination survey encompassing groundwater, surface water, and sediment was conducted and revealed weakly acidic conditions and elevated levels of sulfate (SO₄²⁻), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe), all indicative of acid mine drainage contamination within this region. The complex topography makes it difficult to carry out a ground survey. Thus, we apply semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method and direct current electrical resistivity method in order to image subsurface goafs and identify potential acid mine drainage sources. By leveraging the resistivity contrast between water-rich areas and surrounding rock and integrating geological data, this study identified conductive areas within 300 m below the surface and analyzed the water content to map the geographical locations of these water-rich goafs. The integration of SATEM results, DC resistivity inversion profile, and geological information enabled the successful identification of four water-rich goaf areas, whose locations fit well with verified geological data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on erosion mechanisms in landslide dam breaching: effects of particle composition","authors":"Jie-yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Xing-guo Yang,&nbsp;Gang Fan,&nbsp;Hai-bo Li,&nbsp;Jia-wen Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12323-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12323-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslide dam breaching, primarily driven by overtopping erosion, can trigger catastrophic outburst floods, posing significant risks to downstream areas. Understanding the erosion mechanisms underlying dam failure is crucial for improving flood risk assessment and disaster management. This study conducted nine flume experiments on landslide dam failure, systematically varying four key factors: median particle size (<i>D</i>_<i>50</i>), uniformity coefficient (<i>C</i>_<i>u</i>), fine particle content (<i>F</i>_<i>f</i>), and coarse particle content (<i>F</i>_<i>c</i>). Results indicate that the failure process consists of two distinct stages: headward erosion and overall erosion, with knickpoint migration serving as a key indicator. The breaching process and hydrographs are significantly influenced by <i>D</i>_<i>50</i>, <i>C</i>_<i>u</i>, and <i>F</i>_<i>c</i>, whereas the impact of <i>F</i>_<i>f</i> is relatively minor. Bed shear stress exhibits a strong correlation with erosion rates (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.73), outperforming flow power and unit flow power. The critical shear stress model provides more accurate predictions, with critical shear stress (<i>τ</i>_<i>c</i>) strongly correlated with <i>C</i>_<i>u</i> (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.975) and influenced by <i>F</i>_<i>c</i>, while the coefficient of erodibility (<i>K</i>_<i>d</i>) is primarily determined by <i>F</i>_<i>f</i> with minimal impact from <i>C</i>_<i>u</i> (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.005). Experimental observations further identify two distinct breach morphology evolution modes: uniform and non-uniform surface erosion, governed by the interplay between flow shear stress and soil erosion resistance along the flow direction. Flow shear stress initially increases before decreasing, while apparent erosion resistance gradually rises due to increasing sediment concentration. This study enhances the understanding of how particle composition affects landslide dam breaching, offering a framework for improving predictive models and flood hazard mitigation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}