Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Travertine increases the concentration of trace elements in groundwater in Chahar Takab, Fariman county, northeast Iran","authors":"Maryam Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy-Gharaie,&nbsp;Nicola Fohrer,&nbsp;Daniel Rosado","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12144-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12144-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater has emerged as a crucial water source, supplying half of the world’s domestic water needs, particularly in rural areas without supply systems. This study assesses the impact of travertine formations, on water quality in Chahar Takab village, Iran, focusing on suitability for human consumption and ecosystem sustainability where groundwater is the primary source. Thirty-four samples from various sources, including travertine springs, surface water, and groundwater, underwent ICP-OES analysis. Travertine springs exhibited higher electrical conductivity (EC), lower pH, and elevated concentrations of major cations (Na, Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, HCO₃). In them, all samples exceeded European Union limits for Cl and Na in drinking water. Hydrochemical facies were influenced by water-rock interactions, leading to Ca-HCO₃ dominance in surface and groundwater samples and Ca-Mg-Cl dominance in travertine springs. Heavy metal analysis revealed high concentrations of As, B, Fe, Mn, and Pb in travertine spring and surface water samples, with As exceeding World Health Organization limits by up to 28.5 times. Additionally, the Metal Index indicated values exceeding drinking water guidelines set by the World Health Organization in 58% of the samples. Travertine springs had the highest toxicity risks, especially for As, Cd, and Pb. Results suggest a tectonic origin for heavy metal contamination (As-containing travertine springs), emphasizing the need for mitigation measures and regular monitoring. Action is necessary to address water quality issues in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12144-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-mechanical numerical evaluation of rainfall-induced fully coupled groundwater flow, land deformation, and failure potential in a variably saturated heterogeneous hill slope with consideration of interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes","authors":"Jun-Mo Kim,&nbsp;Min-Soo Kim,&nbsp;Min-Jae Kim,&nbsp;Won-Hong Park","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-11986-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-11986-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of steady- and transient-state numerical simulations is performed to evaluate rainfall-induced fully coupled groundwater flow, land deformation, and failure potential in an actual variably saturated heterogeneous hill slope with consideration of interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes. The slope is variably saturated under various rainfall rates. It is composed of colluvium underlain by weathered rock over fresh rock. As a combined methodology, the so-called mixed-type variable rainfall-infiltration-seepage flow boundary condition and constitutive mathematical equations are implemented first into a generalized fully coupled poroelastic hydro-mechanical numerical model. The resultant numerical model is then used in the numerical simulations. The steady- and transient-state numerical simulations show that both rainfall and layered heterogeneity have significant effects on spatial distributions and temporal changes of fully coupled groundwater flow, land deformation, failure potential, and stability with interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes in the slope. The steady-state numerical simulations show that, as the rainfall rate increases up to a critical rainfall rate, the slope becomes more saturated with water, and thus its overall stability deteriorates. However, under more than such a critical rainfall rate, the slope becomes fully saturated with water, and thus its hydro-mechanical responses are unchanged. The transient-state numerical simulations show that, as the time progresses under each maximum daily rainfall rate, pressure head buildup and slope unstabilization and failures initiate near the slope toe and then propagate toward the slope crest. Such trends occur faster and stronger as the maximum daily rainfall rate increases. In terms of interlinked rainfall-infiltration-seepage processes, as the rainfall rate increases up to the critical rainfall rate, or as the time progresses under each maximum daily rainfall rate, the seepage face expands from the slope toe toward the slope crest. As a result, rainwater infiltration occurs along the slope surface above the height of the seepage face, while groundwater seepage takes place along the slope surface below it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes in the Katerini-Kolindros aquifer system, Central Macedonia, Greece","authors":"Agamemnon Psyrillos,&nbsp;Evangelos Tziritis","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12128-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12128-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the hydrogeochemical dynamics of the Katerini-Kolindros aquifer system in Central Macedonia, Greece, a vital freshwater resource for the local economy. Over a decade-long period (2010–2020), 751 groundwater samples from 113 wells were analyzed and the results processed using multivariate statistical techniques, hydrogeochemical mapping, and hierarchical cluster analysis. Four hydrogeochemical groups are delineated, revealing distinct influences of natural geological processes and anthropogenic activities. The dominant water types identified are Ca–HCO₃ and Mg-HCO₃, reflecting recharge conditions with no seawater intrusion, even in coastal wells. The chemistry of groundwater is also shown to be affected by ion exchange processes and to a lesser extent by reverse ion exchange processes. Urban practices, such as septic tank leakage, urban waste management and fertilizer usage, are identified as the primary sources of nitrate contamination in localized hotspots, particularly near residential and recreational areas. By correlating hydrogeochemical data with geological formations, this study provides novel insights into the spatial variability of groundwater chemistry and identifies areas requiring targeted management. Overall, the study underscores the importance of integrating long-term hydrogeochemical datasets with advanced statistical analyses to unravel complex aquifer dynamics. Practical implications include recommendations for improved monitoring networks, land-use planning, and contamination mitigation strategies. Future research should focus on the creation of a comprehensive network of dedicated observation wells – both for piezometric and hydrogeochemical monitoring – and numerical modeling to refine groundwater flow predictions. This work contributes to global discourse on sustainable groundwater management, offering a replicable methodology for similar Mediterranean and semi-arid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial analysis of flood susceptibility in Coastal area of Pakistan using machine learning models and SAR imagery","authors":"Muhammad Afaq Hussain,&nbsp;Zhanlong Chen,&nbsp;Yulong Zhou,&nbsp;Hafiz Ullah,&nbsp;Ma Ying","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12129-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12129-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flooding is one of the most important and challenging natural catastrophes to anticipate, and it is getting more intense and frequent. The coastal areas in Pakistan, like Karachi, are highly vulnerable to flooding, especially during the monsoon rains, which cause immense environmental and socioeconomic damage. A massive flood badly destroyed the study area in 2022. We examined the flood susceptibility in the coastal area of Pakistan using various machine learning algorithms such as Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and K Nearest Neighbor. Flood points were identified and validated using Landsat data, Google Earth, and news sources to generate a flood inventory map. A total of 262 flood spots were selected and randomly divided into 70% for training and 30% for validation. Susceptibility maps were validated using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and confusion matrix. In this research, remote sensing data was utilized to validate flood-prone areas using the Sentinel Application Platform for remote sensing image evaluation. The RF model achieved outstanding classification accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.983, accuracy of 0.950, kappa value of 0.900, specificity of 0.992, and sensitivity of 0.902. The research is valuable since the suggested models are being evaluated for the first time in the coastal area of Pakistan to measure flood vulnerability. The flood risk map assists coastal area planners and regulatory agencies in managing and mitigating flood events. Despite its simplicity, the approach used in this study exhibits high precision, making it applicable for expert knowledge-based flood mapping in other regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry and machine learning: methods and benchmarking","authors":"N. I. Prasianakis,&nbsp;E. Laloy,&nbsp;D. Jacques,&nbsp;J. C. L. Meeussen,&nbsp;G. D. Miron,&nbsp;D. A. Kulik,&nbsp;A. Idiart,&nbsp;E. Demirer,&nbsp;E. Coene,&nbsp;B. Cochepin,&nbsp;M. Leconte,&nbsp;M. E. Savino,&nbsp;J. Samper-Pilar,&nbsp;M. De Lucia,&nbsp;S. V. Churakov,&nbsp;O. Kolditz,&nbsp;C. Yang,&nbsp;J. Samper,&nbsp;F. Claret","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12066-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12066-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thanks to the recent progress in numerical methods and computer technology, the application fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods (ML) are growing at a very fast pace. The field of geochemistry for nuclear waste management has recently started using ML for the acceleration of numerical simulations of reactive transport processes, for the improvement of multiscale and multiphysics couplings efficiency, and for uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis. Several case studies indicate that the use of ML based approaches brings an overall acceleration of geochemical and reactive transport simulations between one and four orders of magnitude. This paper presents a benchmarking exercise that aims at providing a set of reference data and models for developing and applying ML techniques for geochemical and reactive transport simulations. Several well-known geochemical speciation codes are used to generate systematically a consistent set of high-quality chemical equilibrium data, to be used as input for the training of several ML methods. Two benchmarks are formulated, each with multiple levels of gradually increasing degree of complexity. The first benchmark focuses on cement chemistry, while the second one considers uranium sorption on a clay mineral. The performance of different ML techniques is then evaluated in terms of their numerical efficiency and accuracy. A speedup of several orders of magnitude is observed. The benefits and the limitations of different ML based techniques are then analysed and highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-024-12066-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving water infiltration in croplands mitigates the effects of extreme rainfall events","authors":"Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi,&nbsp;Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi,&nbsp;José Luís Trevizan Chiomento,&nbsp;Júlia Letícia Cassel,&nbsp;Henry Albert Werner,&nbsp;Claudia Petry","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12142-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12142-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No-till system is a proven system for soil protection, however, if mismanaged can impact agronomic and environmental aspects. Here, our study aims to assess the short-term effects of soil disturbance, achieved through scarification, on soil physical and hydric attributes and soybean ones. In a subtropical climate, a compacted 20-year-old no-till system was subjected to scarification at different depths: 0–10, 0–20, 0–30, and 0–40 cm, a no-till without mechanical intervention, with four replications. We measured soil physical attributes (penetration resistance, water infiltration rate), cover crop quality (dry mass), some soil chemical properties (pH, Al, and available cations), and plant attributes (yield and root architecture). The physical parameters confirmed a soil compacted state on no-till. Soil disturbance caused by scarification at different depths consistently maintained penetration resistance below 1000 kPa. The soil disturbance increased the final water infiltration rate from 27.8 to 366 mm h⁻¹. However, the soil disturbance affected negatively soil cover by reducing straw dry mass. Soil disturbance affected marginally the soybean attributes. However, soybean yield production was positively correlated with total root length. The findings suggest that mechanical scarification in compacted soil improves its physical and hydric attributes. This practice can be implemented sporadically but in association with several other strategies to improve the compacted no-till system. The most significant environmental implication of soil mechanical scarification is that enhancing soil water infiltration mitigates the consequences of extreme rainfall events in croplands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining prospective zones for groundwater recharge using remote sensing, GIS, and AHP modelling techniques: an investigation of the Mandi district in Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Aashish Sharma,&nbsp;Kanwarpreet Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12137-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12137-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater resources are used more frequently for industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications due to the quickening rate of population growth and industrialization. The primary goal of this study is to create a groundwater recharge potential zone map of the Mandi district in northern India using Weighted Overlay Index (WOI) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Nine thematic maps were overlaid to create the groundwater potential zone map (GPZs): soil texture, slope, land use/cover, geology, drainage density, rainfall, lineament density, geomorphology, and lithology. The significance of each parameter was evaluated according to its effect on groundwater levels; geomorphology, geology, landuse/cover, and lithology were given the most weight. According to the findings, the groundwater recharge potential was very good in 513.5 km² (13%) of the study area, good in 1027 km² (26%), moderate in 1581 km² (40%), and poor in 829.5 km² (21%). Based on the results of the spatial modelling ROC (Receiver Operating characteristics) Curve Method, the AHP-based GPZs map had an excellent correlation with the locations of the wells (AUC = 80.5%), proving that the AHP-GIS rating approach is accurate. The results can aid in the efficient planning and management of the development of groundwater resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of aquifer storage and recovery opportunities and challenges in India","authors":"Satiprasad Sahoo,&nbsp;Chiranjit Singha,&nbsp;Ajit Govind,&nbsp;Prabhakar Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12124-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12124-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Managing groundwater is a global challenge as offer rises across agriculture, industry, and energy sectors, while climate change, population explosion, industrialization, and urbanization leads to a decline in surface water resources. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is one solution that can enhance long-term water sustainability by increasing the natural replenishment of groundwater supplies through the use of non-traditional water sources. India, as the largest groundwater user, is mitigating over-extraction through MAR initiatives. However, Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) provides a site-specific solution for maintaining a sustainable water supply. This approach targets densely populated regions in the Indian subcontinent, particularly those undergoing agricultural transitions, heavily dependent on groundwater for irrigation and domestic use, and facing water shortages in both ground and surface water supplies. The global land data assimilation systems (GLDAS) of 2003–2023 revealed significant groundwater and total water storage depletion in north-western India, with negative trends between − 27.816 and − 21.186 mm/year. These findings emphasize the urgent need to implement MAR systems in the Western Dry Region, Western Himalayas, and Gangetic Plains to ensure sustainable agricultural planning and management. Thus, the review paper emphasizes the potential of MAR and ASR techniques to meet both current and future demands for high-quality water while addressing the rising need for groundwater. In particular, ASR can tackle issues related to water stress, manage wastewater, alleviate flooding, prevent saltwater intrusion, lessen land subsidence, safeguard crops from damage, avert aquifer depletion, and enhance water quality. The review also discusses the significance of ASR-related groundwater resource projects in India, especially in the context of changing climatic conditions. At last, we explored ASR’s types, challenges, benefits, limitations, and recommendations for sustainable groundwater management. ASR is seen as a viable solution in India to improve water resource policies amid climate change, addressing water rights, public health, and environmental issues. These insights can help identify optimal sites in water-scarce regions of India for the deployment of specific ASR approaches aimed at enhancing water sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source identification of mine water inrush based on GBDT-RS-SHAP","authors":"Zhenwei Yang,&nbsp;Han Li,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang,&nbsp;Hongwei Meng,&nbsp;Tong Xi,&nbsp;Zhenhuan Hou","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12107-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12107-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel interpretable intelligent water source identification model, integrating gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), has been developed to enhance safety in coal mining operations. To mitigate the impact of outliers on model accuracy during training, box plots and multivariate distribution matrix plots were employed to detect and subsequently remove outlier data from the sample. The processed dataset was subsequently subjected to training via GBDT, culminating in the development of a definitive classification model predicated on the gradient of residuals. The model’s hyperparameters, encompassing the number of trees, tree depth, and learning rate, were meticulously optimized through a random search algorithm to augment the model’s predictive performance. Utilizing the measured data from water samples collected in the Pingdingshan Coalfield, cross-validation was performed, yielding a maximum precision of 0.857 and an average precision of 0.602. Upon the application of the optimized GBDT model to the classification of 24 unknown water samples, the model achieved a high accuracy rate of 95.8%, with a single misclassification, and a minimal root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.183. This demonstrates that stochastic search optimization enhances the model’s stability and robustness, addressing the challenges of inefficiency and inaccuracy in coal mine water source identification, and significantly contributes to the advancement of water hazard prevention and control measures in coal mining. To make the output of the model transparent, this study employs SHAP for the elucidation of the model’s output. SHAP is a Python-based “Model Interpretation” package designed to elucidate the predictions of machine learning models. The findings reveal that fluctuations in Ca²⁺ concentration exert a substantial impact on the discrimination outcomes, whereas the characteristic contribution of SO₄²⁻ is negligible and can be disregarded. This offers a foundational and referential framework for the study of water sources for mine water emergencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"InSAR-based deformation analysis around the Qiaoqi reservoir, Baoxing, Southwest China","authors":"Muhammad Kamran,&nbsp;Xiewen Hu,&nbsp;Ushna Bint E Ishfaq,&nbsp;Kun He,&nbsp;Randa Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Sanaullah,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais Hussain,&nbsp;Usman Ali","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12135-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12135-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the initial impoundment of the Qiaoqi reservoir in 2007, numerous landslides were triggered, severely endangering the reservoir’s safety, people’s lives, and settlements. For efficient risk evaluation and mitigation approaches, it is essential to comprehend the extent and behaviour of these landslides. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, especially with the Interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques, provides continuous surface deformation with mm precision over substantial ranges. A stack of 31 Sentinel-1 images in ascending direction (2014/12-2017/07) is used for interferometric analysis using the Persistent Scatterers Interferometric (PS-InSAR) technique to identify deformation hot spots, determine displacement rates, and characterize deformation behaviour around the reservoir by taking Kadui-2 landslide as a case study. The mean deformation in the line of sight ranged from − 60 to + 60 mm/year around the reservoir, and from − 100 to + 100 mm/yr on the Kadui-2 landslide. Additionally, seven deformation hotspots were identified, with the NW and SW sections exhibiting larger deformation compared to the other regions along the reservoir. InSAR analysis reveals that the deformation rate of the Kadui-2 landslide is not associated with seasonal hydrological accelerations. The findings of this study help to understand the deformation behaviour and associated settlements around the Qiaoqi reservoir.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}