Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Spatial and temporal assessment of drought dynamics in Bahawalpur (Pakistan) using remote sensing and meteorological data","authors":"Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah,&nbsp;Nusrat Parveen,&nbsp;Muhammad Farrukh Shahzad,&nbsp;Rabia Tabassum","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12520-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12520-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drought is a multifaceted and challenging natural disaster affecting areas all over the world. It poses recurring and serious challenges to agriculture, livestock, food security, water availability, public health, as well as environmental stability and resilience. Pakistan is one such country that has suffered recurring droughts year after year. This research focuses on examining and forecasting drought trends in three districts of the Bahawalpur division: Bahawalnagar (BHN), Bahawalpur (BHP), and Rahim Yar Khan (RYK). This study aims to evaluate spatial and temporal trends in drought occurrences based on remotely sensed data and climate data over the period 2012–2022. This study estimates drought patterns and analyzes their intensity to improve drought management and mitigation. Remote sensing data are analyzed through the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to estimate various drought indices. The research applied the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) to calculate the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) indices further support in determining the intensity of droughts and soil moisture in the study area. Moreover, future temperature forecasts for the areas are formed based on the ARIMA model, executed on the Google Colab platform in Python. The key findings of this research indicate that the years 2012, 2017, and 2022 were classified as drought years with high values of the drought index during the study period. According to the percentage area of VCI, the most severe drought was observed in 2017 (21.82%), followed by 2016 (17.99%) and 2012 (14.44%), respectively. Temperature modeling indicates a rising trend in temperature in both the Bahawalpur (BHP) and Rahim Yar Khan (RYK) districts. The general climate features of the Bahawalpur division depict extreme aridity, sparse vegetation, water shortage, and low population density. The conclusion reveals the challenges of preventing droughts across Pakistan and offers recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders on developing and regulating more effective strategies to reduce future drought events in South Punjab, Pakistan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of free iron oxides on the hydro-mechanical behaviours and microstructure of compacted lateritic clay","authors":"Geng Niu,&nbsp;Jiwei Li,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Zhongzheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12586-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12586-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the presence of free iron oxides (FIOs), even though lateritic clay has a high porosity, it has high strength and low compressibility. The variation in the climate and physio-chemical environment can reduce significantly FIOs content. To comprehensively investigate the effect of FIOs on the hydro-mechanical behaviour, a FIOs removing method was adopted in this study to remove FIOs in Guilin lateritic clay. Then, the water retention capacity, shrinkage deformation, shear strength and microstructure of compacted lateritic clay with/without FIOs removal processes were experimentally investigated. Results revealed that according to the comparisons of soil-water retention curves (SWRC), FIOs can affect significantly SWRC in medium suction range. After removing the FIOs, the shrinkage deformation became more significant. Due to the existence of FIOs, larger shear strengths were observed before removing the FIOs. The effect of FIOs on the hydro-mechanical behaviour can be interpreted from the perspective of microstructural alteration (Mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy tests). FIOs mainly exist in the forms of “coating” and “bridge” in lateritic clay. The cementation of FIOs can improve the soil strength and the resistance of the soil skeleton to deformation. Once FIOs are removed, bonds between soil particles are weakened and even broken, leading to increased water retention and shrinkage capacities and decreased shear strength. The findings of this paper provide new insights into how FIOs enhance the hydro-mechanical behaviour of lateritic clay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the 2023 earthquake in Türkiye on air quality using Sentinel-5P satellite data: a comparative analysis","authors":"Sohaib K. M. Abujayyab,&nbsp;Ahmet Öztürk,&nbsp;Onur Canbulat,&nbsp;Emre Yücer,&nbsp;Salem S. Abu Amr","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12577-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12577-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines how the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Türkiye affected air quality and vertical column densities using Sentinel-5P satellite data. It focuses on changes in six air quality parameters: ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), formaldehyde (HCHO), and ultraviolet aerosol index (UVAI). The analysis compares data from before and after the earthquake across ten affected provinces. Paired t-tests and comparative methods were used to assess spatial and temporal changes. The results show a decline in NO₂, SO₂, HCHO, and UVAI levels, likely due to lower industrial and vehicle emissions. In contrast, CO and O₃ levels rose initially, possibly due to combustion from temporary shelters and other activities, before decreasing over time. Year-over-year comparisons indicate broader reductions in CO, NO₂, and O₃, while SO₂, HCHO, and UVAI levels increased, influenced by regional factors and weather conditions. The findings highlight the effects of seismic events on air quality and the need for region-specific environmental strategies after disasters. The study also shows how satellite data can help monitor these changes and suggests long-term tracking for a better understanding of disaster impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal erosion and stream flow dynamics: historical analysis and forecasting shoreline changes in the Yeşilırmak delta","authors":"Halil İbrahim Şenol","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12537-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12537-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the historical shoreline evolution and predicted future changes for the Yeşilırmak Delta in Turkey, spanning from 1985 to 2024, with projections extending to 2044. The Yeşilırmak Delta has undergone substantial erosion due to a combination of factors, including sea-level rise and reduced sediment transport resulting from dam constructions along the river. The temporal shoreline changes were analyzed using Landsat satellite imagery and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), employing the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and object-based classification methods. In addition to the shoreline analysis, a comprehensive examination of streamflow data from 1985 to 2020 was conducted to assess the reduction in sediment transport. This analysis revealed a significant decline in flow rates at key stations, which exhibited a strong correlation with increased coastal erosion. The study forecasts future shoreline changes for 2034 and 2044, emphasizing the pressing need for effective coastal and water resource management strategies to mitigate further degradation and safeguard this vital ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes and controls of runoff generation in a watershed with substantial environmental change in China’s Loess Plateau","authors":"Mengqing Wang,&nbsp;Xin Yan,&nbsp;Zhiming Han,&nbsp;Jinxia Fu,&nbsp;Tingting Ning,&nbsp;Zhi Li","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12578-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12578-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exploring the changes and controls of runoff generation holds critical importance for enhancing comprehension of hydrological processes in regions with significant environmental changes. Taking the Yan River watershed in the Loess Plateau of China as the study region, we recognized rainfall-runoff events and calculated three indices (event runoff coefficient <i>ERC</i>, event timescale <i>Ts</i>, and normalized event peak discharge <i>Np</i>) to characterize the runoff generation for 1961–2019. In particular, three parameters of SCS-CN model (initial abstraction <i>Ia</i>, potential maximum retention <i>S</i>, and curve number <i>CN</i>) were dervied to interpret the potential mechanism in runoff generation. Streamflow, surface runoff, and baseflow decreased significantly at rates of 0.33, 0.22, and 0.11 mm/a, respectively. Compared to the pre-change period (1961–1999), <i>ERC</i> and <i>Np</i> decreased by 51% and 6%, while <i>Ts</i> increased by 14% in the post-change period (2000–2019), indicating that the surface runoff hydrograph became flatter. <i>S</i> increased by 513% and <i>CN</i> decreased by 37%. Vegetation and population contributed to 38% and 35% of <i>S</i> change, 38% and 39% of <i>CN</i> change, respectively. The biological measures (vegetation restoration) play dominant role in accelerating water infiltration while the engineering measures (dams and terraces) enlarge water storage, which may largely interpret the changes in runoff generation. The methods and results are helpful for understanding hydrological processes and managing water resources in regions with substantial environmental change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based land-use regression models for predicting carbon dioxide concentrations in San Francisco Bay area","authors":"Anna C. Smith,&nbsp;Linfeng Li,&nbsp;Jiansheng Xiang,&nbsp;Fangxin Fang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12582-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12582-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a key driver of anthropogenic climate change and cities have been identified as major sources of emissions. Urbanization and land use change are associated with rising urban CO₂ emissions, highlighting the need to study spatiotemporal trends in intraurban CO₂ to inform sustainable city planning. This study investigates the use of land use regression (LUR) to predict intraurban CO₂ concentrations, using data from the BEACO₂N monitoring network in the San Francisco Bay Area. Additionally, LUR is compared to machine learning (ML) algorithms capable of capturing non-linear relationships, representing a two-fold novel contribution. Model performance is evaluated using reserved data from training sensors as well as unseen sensor locations. For training sensors, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) achieved the highest predictive accuracy (R²=0.58), outperforming traditional LUR (R²=0.34). XGBoost and CNN also outperformed traditional LUR for unseen sensor locations, accounting for up to 42% of the variability in observed CO₂ concentrations. These models offer insight into urban land use and carbon dynamics, supporting more informed approaches to urban planning and decarbonization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12582-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of backfill ratio on the risk of water inrush in goaf backfilling of coal gangue under aquifer","authors":"Shihao Xing,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Yanfei Wang,&nbsp;Dan Ma,&nbsp;Zhihui Sun,&nbsp;Yifan Peng","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12549-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12549-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goaf backfilling of coal gangue can effectively control the deformation and failure of overburden and suppress the development of water-conducting fracture zones. However, different particle size gradations of coal gangue lead to varying compressive deformations of backfill materials under the action of overburden stress, indirectly affecting the deformation, failure, and permeability of the overburden after the goaf backfilling of coal gangue. To this end, coal gangue backfill materials with five different particle size gradations were prepared, the compressive deformation characteristics of these materials under stress were tested in this study. Additionally, a simulation method for coal gangue backfill materials based on the experimental results was proposed and embedded into FLAC^3D numerical software, and a numerical model for goaf backfilling of coal gangue under the aquifer was established. Finally, the deformation and failure characteristics of overburden after goaf backfilling of coal gangue were analyzed under different backfill ratios, and the distribution law of pore water pressure in overburden was revealed. The results show that as the backfill ratio increases, the range of overburden deformation and failure declines and the pore water pressure gradually decreases. When the backfill ratio is greater than 70%, the overburden deformation and failure can be effectively controlled, reducing the risk of water inrush in the working face. This research provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of mining-induced water inrush hazards under water bodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic characteristics and tectonic processes of the 2015 Gorkha and Kodari earthquakes: insights from seismicity, b-value, stress field, and crustal heterogeneity","authors":"Ritima Das,&nbsp;Faris Hamza,&nbsp;Utpal Saikia,&nbsp;Himanshu Mittal","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12515-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12515-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the tectonic processes driving the 2015 Gorkha (Mw 7.9) and Kodari (Mw 7.2) earthquakes in central Nepal, focusing on seismic parameters and subsurface structures to improve understanding of earthquake generation in the Himalayan region. We analyzed seismicity patterns, fault plane solutions, temporal b-value variations, and stress field dynamics using a comprehensive dataset compiled from multiple global and national catalogues. The spatial and depth distribution of seismicity revealed clustering at 10–20 km depth, primarily along the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), and was closely associated with low P-wave velocities (&lt; 6.0 km/s), indicating a brittle, seismically active crust. Since the earthquake locations are from a non-relocated catalogue, future use of a relocated dataset is expected to improve the accuracy of these observations. Temporal analysis of the b-value, a statistical proxy for stress level and heterogeneity, showed a significant decrease from 0.98 to 0.89 immediately before and during the mainshock sequence, followed by an increase to 1.12 in the post-seismic period. This pattern aligns with global observations of stress accumulation and release, supporting the hypothesis of increased stress concentrations prior to bigger earthquakes. Empirical relationships derived between local magnitude (M_L) and body-wave magnitude (m_b) indicate a region-specific scaling, with m_b ≈ 1.6 × M_L, likely reflecting strong crustal heterogeneity and seismic attenuation in the central Himalaya. Focal mechanism solutions reveal dominant thrust faulting, with localized strike-slip and normal faulting components attributed to structural complexities and crustal anisotropy. Stress inversion results show a persistent northeast orientation of the maximum principal stress axis (σ₁), consistent with the India-Eurasia plate convergence direction. Notably, σ₁ became more horizontal and less scattered following the mainshock, while the minimum principal stress (σ₃) transitioned from a diffuse pattern to a predominantly vertical orientation. These changes indicate a redistribution and stabilization of the regional stress field post-rupture. These findings underscore the dynamic interplay between crustal properties, tectonic stress regimes, and earthquake generation processes in the Himalaya. Moreover, the reported precursory drop in b-value and reorganization of the stress field provide critical insights for refining earthquake forecasting models and integrating geophysical observations into future Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) strategies in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall-induced landslide risk: the state of the art and future needs","authors":"Ting Wang,&nbsp;Chao-Sheng Tang,&nbsp;Zhi-Xiong Zeng,&nbsp;Qing Cheng,&nbsp;Xiao-Hua Pan,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Han,&nbsp;Lin Li,&nbsp;Yao Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12541-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12541-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rainfall-induced landslides pose a significant threat to human life and infrastructure, causing tremendous loss and serious disruption each Year. In this review, we comprehensively examine the development and state of the art in rainfall-induced landslide risk assessment over the past two decades and identify the future needs in this field. The review first introduces a dataset of 560 peer-reviewed articles published on rainfall-induced landslide risk assessment from 2003 to 2022. The existing models of the hazard and vulnerability to rainfall-induced landslides are then classified into four types and the modelling approaches at different scales or elements at risk are discussed. According to the analysis procedures and key characteristics for each type of model, different assessment approaches are also presented and compared. Results reveal a significant increase in the use of machine learning and physical models for hazard assessment, while indicator-weight and data-driven models dominate vulnerability assessment. However, the utilization of different method types at various scales or element types for hazard and vulnerability assessment is not clear. Despite a growing number of studies on rainfall-induced landslide risk assessment in recent years, effectively quantifying the risk from hazard and vulnerability remains challenging. The review concludes by providing a concise summary and proposes prospective research works on rainfall-induced landslide risk assessment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source-oriented health risks of toxic metals in fugitive dust for children and adults in a mining-industrial region of central China","authors":"Min Song,&nbsp;Xiangyu Chen,&nbsp;Shan Liu,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Yanni Li,&nbsp;Hongling Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12544-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12544-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxic metals in fugitive dust pose health risks in mining-industrial regions, particularly for children. However, geographical resolved and source-specific assessments remain limited. This study conducted a source-oriented and geographically explicit health risk evaluation of 40 fugitive dust samples collected in Huangshi, China, using source-specific health risk assessment methods based on U.S. EPA guidelines. The results revealed that children experienced higher average potential non-carcinogenic (2.88 ± 2.21) and carcinogenic risks (1.34E-03 ± 1.07E-03) than adults. Ingestion was identified as the dominant exposure pathway, contributing over 93.4% and 96.8% to total potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. Arsenic was the most significant contributor to the overall health risks. Mining-related activities emerged as the primary source of risk. Risk hotspots were strongly localized in industrial and mining-intensive districts, such as Daye, Tieshan, and the Huangshi urban area, whereas risks associated with natural and regional deposition sources showed more spatially uniform distributions. These findings highlight the limitations of conventional exposure assessments, which often fail to capture local risk heterogeneity, and underscore the need for targeted, source-specific intervention strategies. The study provides essential data for improving health risk models and supports the development of evidence-based policies to protect vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}