Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Model experiment and numerical simulation study on the instability of shield tunnel face in upper-clay and lower-sand composite strata","authors":"Chen Liang,&nbsp;Yingchao Wang,&nbsp;Hongbo Yu,&nbsp;Chuang Zhao,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Hemin Zou,&nbsp;Shunhua Zheng,&nbsp;Yin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12176-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12176-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strata instability and environment disaster collapse caused by insufficient supporting pressure of shield tunnel excavation face is always a difficult engineering problem that cannot be ignored. Fixing the buried depth ratio as 1.5 and setting the upper-clay thickness ratio as 0, 0.2 and 0.5 respectively, the instability and failure law of shield tunnel excavation face in the upper-clay and lower-sand composite strata is studied by means of model experiments and numerical simulations. The quantitative analysis is carried out from the perspective of instability collapse pattern, ground subsidence mechanism, fluid-solid coupling mechanical response and spatial distribution change law. The study shows that the whole process of excavation face instability collapse can be divided into four stages: water loss, water and sand migration, loosening and instability, collapse and failure. Clay thickness ratio has little effect on pore pressure and effective stress in front of excavation face. The arch formed following excavation face instability and collapse extends to the vicinity of the interface of clay and sand, and with the increase of clay thickness, the arch moves away from the interface and the extension speed decreases. The thicker the clay is, the wider the subsidence range is and the smaller the subsidence value is. Distortion energy accumulates at top and bottom of the tunnel face and the top of the clay layer front-above the excavation face after its instability failure. In front of excavation face, the pore pressure isosurface shows a transitional change from bottom to top in the form of ‘basin-bowl-vase’. In the tunnel middle horizontal plane, the zone in the radius R semicircle in front of excavation face is defined as the pore pressure vacuum zone, the zone in the <i>R</i> ~ 4R semiring is defined as the hydraulic gradient zone, and the zone outside 4R is defined as the non-influence zone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Research on geospatial technology optimization based on GeoAI multi-objective optimization","authors":"Li Zhu,&nbsp;Shangcao Li,&nbsp;Qi Zhou,&nbsp;Junjun Liu,&nbsp;Jing Tian","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12175-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12175-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of persulfate in karst groundwater and its influencing factors","authors":"Xue Yan,&nbsp;Yudao Chen,&nbsp;Weixuan Li,&nbsp;Dongbo Tang,&nbsp;Liu Du,&nbsp;Wei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12185-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12185-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Persulfate (S₂O₈²⁻, PS) is a new type of oxidant used for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) during the remediation of groundwater polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. However, PS may be consumed by nontarget matters in aquifers, decreasing its persistence and remediation effect. To better understand the persistence of PS in widely distributed karst aquifers, microcosm, column, and conduit experiments were carried out in this study to simulate karst caves, fracture zones, and conduit environments under static or flow water conditions. Karst aquifer matters, including limestone and lime soil, and a novel carbonate rock conduit model were employed. PS decomposition at different concentrations, influencing factors, and hydro-chemical responses were discussed. The results of the study indicate that the half-lives of 1, 8, and 20 g/L of PS in limestone media were 102, 185, and 202 d, respectively, and correspondingly 19, 34, and 51 d in lime soil media under static water conditions. As the injection concentration increased, the persistence of PS also increased. The half-life ranges of PS in limestone column and conduit were 0.05–0.13 d and 0.36–1.70 d, respectively, indicating that PS exhibited poor persistence under flowing karst water conditions. The pH remained at neutral to slightly alkaline levels in limestone media, which buffered the acidizing effect of high PS concentrations. At PS concentrations of 8 and 20 g/L, the organic matter content in lime soils decreased from 45.57 g/Kg to 35.07 and 24.63 g/Kg, respectively. The rich organic matters in lime soils greatly consumed PS with decay rate constants of 20.31 and 13.47 d⁻¹, respectively. The decomposition of PS under static groundwater conditions led to obvious hydro-chemical responses. The pH decreased to a minimum of 1.4 and the dissolved oxygen concentration increased from 8.5 to 17.3 mg/L in the absence of solid particles. In the presence of limestone media, PS injection at a concentration of 20 g/L stimulated carbonate dissolution, resulting in a Ca²⁺ concentration 8–10 times higher than the background value. However, the hydro-chemical changes remained relatively stable under flowing karst water conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing flash flood susceptibility modeling in arid regions: integrating digital soil mapping and machine learning algorithms","authors":"Zahra Sheikh,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Zolfaghari,&nbsp;Maryam Raeesi,&nbsp;Azadeh Soltani","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12140-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12140-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flash floods in arid regions are among the most dangerous and destructive disasters worldwide, with their frequency increasing due to intensified climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study aims to identify susceptibility areas to flash floods in arid regions, characterized by high vulnerability, numerous complexities, and unknown mechanisms. 19-flash flood causative physiographic, climatic, geological, hydrological, and environmental parameters were considered. Using the Boruta wrapper-based feature selection algorithm, temperature, distance to the river, and elevation were identified as the most effective parameters. Four standalone and hybrid machine learning models (Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), GLMnet, TreeBag, and Ensemble) were employed to model and determine flash flood susceptibility maps. Based on performance evaluation metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and Areas Under Curve (AUC) indexes), the RF and Ensemble models exhibited the best performance with values of (0.94, 0.93), (0.97, 1), (0.92, 0.88), (0.94, 0.94), respectively. The findings highlighted the previously overlooked role of soil in flood susceptibility mapping studies, particularly in areas with high levels of silt and clay soils. This study introduced digital soil mapping for the first time in flood susceptibility studies, providing an effective approach for the spatial prediction of soil properties using easily accessible remote sensing data to generate soil maps in areas with limited available data. It emphasizes the importance of examining the role of soil in arid areas during flash flood modeling and recommends using Ensemble and RF models for their high flexibility in such studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary foreland tectonics and landscape changes - a case study of Himalayan piedmont zone of Jaldhaka river system, eastern Himalaya, India","authors":"Adrija Raha,&nbsp;Mery Biswas","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12181-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12181-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Jiti–Khuji Diana interfluve of the Himalayan piedmont zone has been considered to reanalyse the tectonic character of the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), which are two major east–west trending structural units of the Himalayan orogen. The MBT marks a tectonic boundary between the Lesser and sub-Himalayan sequences (Gansser, Geology of Himalayas, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1964), while the MFT is the youngest deforming front that carries the Siwalik Group of rocks over the Quaternary deposits (Yin, Earth Sci Rev 76:1–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.05.004, 2006). This area is dissected by three main steams of the Jaldhaka system, i.e. rivers Jiti, Khuji Diana, and Thaljhora; amongst which the Thalhjora flows from east to west and the other two rivers flow roughly from NNE to SSW. Thaljhora and Chalsa fault scarps are observed, respectively, at and near the MBT and MFT. The present research focuses on significance of active Thaljhora and Chalsa fault scarps, which represent the monocline faults that deformed the geomorphic landscape. The displacement along these faults have formed a synform that uplifted over time and formed river terraces by incision processes of rivers. The analysis of morphometric indices confirms the recent neotectonic activities going on in the region. The deformed landforms, emerged as terrace and Doon-shaped valley, are observed between the Jiti fault (MBT) and Chalsa scarp (MFT). The doon-shaped valley is developed as a flat-lying surface situated between the Jiti fault and Thaljhora scarp. This study has deciphered the application of morphometric indices to study the active neotectonics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key factors in the reactivation of thick loess mudstone ancient landslides—a case study of the Gaojiawan landslide, China","authors":"Qingyu Xie,&nbsp;Qiangbing Huang,&nbsp;Junyan Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaosen Kang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12161-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12161-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the reactivation causes of ancient landslides is imperative for the prevention of landslides. However, the reasons for the reactivation of thick loess-mudstone ancient landslides and evolutionary mechanisms are unclear. This paper investigates the Gaojiawan thick loess-mudstone ancient landslide as an example using field investigation, InSAR time series analysis, and laboratory testing methods to analyze the reactivation deformation characteristics and reactivation causes of the thick loess mudstone ancient landslides, which were and verified by numerical simulation. The results show that fault fracture zones and groundwater primarily control the reactivation of Gaojiawan's thick loess-mudstone ancient landslide. Due to the fragmentation of rock mass and the development of structural planes in the fault fracture zones, as well as the excavation and unloading zone formed by the surrounding rock of the tunnel, it is beneficial to the enrichment of groundwater. It intensifies the interaction of groundwater-rock-fault fracture zones, especially for the red mudstone with more clay mineral content. The strength degradation is significant after encountering water, resulting in an imbalance in the stress state in deep strata and the reactivation of the landslide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion risk in the mountainous region of northeastern Türkiye based on the RUSLE model and CMIP6 climate projections","authors":"Kadir Gezici,&nbsp;Selim Şengül,&nbsp;Erdal Kesgin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12184-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12184-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water erosion leads to significant environmental, social, and economic challenges, such as the loss of fertile soil, reduced agricultural productivity, and water pollution. This study evaluates erosion-prone areas in the Oltu Basin, northeastern Türkiye, using the RUSLE model for the reference year (2023) and future climate scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585, 2041–2060/2061–2080). The average erosion rate for 2023 was determined as 49.90 t/ha/year, classifying 36.71% of the basin as severe or higher erosion risk. The critical vulnerability is attributed to the basin’s steep topography, with an LS factor (~ 9.87) significantly exceeding the European average. Under future climate scenarios, average erosion rates remain relatively stable (49.87–52.53 t/ha/year). However, notable spatial variations emerge, particularly in the western basin, where high-risk erosion areas are expected to increase. These changes are driven by shifts in rainfall erosivity (R factor), with a decline in maximum values but a rise in minimum values. The R factor decreased from 148.64 MJ mm/ha/h/year in 2023 to 144.90 MJ mm/ha/h/year under SSP245 (2061–2080); however, soil loss increased slightly from 49.90 t/ha/year to 50.57 t/ha/year due to the uneven spatial distribution of the R factor within the basin. This study emphasizes the spatial shifts in erosion sensitivity rather than overall averages, providing critical insights for targeted erosion control strategies. The findings will assist decision-makers in mitigating soil erosion risks and developing climate-adaptive land management policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12184-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) revealed independent effects of precipitation and temperature on diversity and molecular composition of soil organic matter","authors":"Xiaofeng Tang,&nbsp;Chao Chang,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12180-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12180-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to changes in temperature and precipitation were helpful to understanding biogeochemical processes in soils. In the current study, two groups of soil samples were used to distinguish the respective effects of precipitation and temperature on SOM. The first group was named as mean annual temperature (MAP) gradient group including 13 samples with similar mean annual temperature (MAT) (13.0–14.9 °C) but different MAP (71.4–1072.8 mm). The second group was named as MAT gradient group including 13 samples with high MAP (&gt; 1000 mm) but different MAT (15.9–24.8 °C). The SOM molecular composition was analyzed by a pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Variance partitioning analysis showed that in the MAP gradient group the variation in SOM composition was only independently explained 1% and 6% by MAT and MAP, respectively, but jointly explained 28%. In the MAT gradient group, although MAP explained 22% variation in SOM composition, MAT and MAP together explained more than 51%. These results indicated that the effect of MAT alone on SOM was negligible in the MAP gradient group and MAT was the dominant influencing factor in MAT gradient group. In the MAP gradient group, SOC content and the proportion of lignin and nitrogen-containing compounds were significantly positively related to MAP. In the MAT gradient group, the proportion of aliphatic, aliphatic and terpenoid compounds was significantly positively related to MAT but the proportion of aromatic compounds was opposite. Structural equation modeling showed that MAP was significantly positively related to SOM molecular diversity and stability, and MAT was significantly negatively related to SOM stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in hydraulic properties and collapse deformation of loess under vertical stress","authors":"Guoliang Ran,&nbsp;Yanpeng Zhu,&nbsp;Tong Li,&nbsp;Guangke Feng,&nbsp;Wen Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12150-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12150-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To study the effect of vertical stress on the collapsibility and hydraulic properties of Lanzhou loess during infiltration, a series of constant head permeability tests were conducted on unsaturated remolded loess under different vertical stresses using a one-dimensional soil column permeameter. The tests yielded collapse deformation curves, wetting front, cumulative infiltration volume, volumetric water content time-history curves, and soil–water characteristic curves. The unsaturated permeability coefficient was calculated using the wetting front advancement method, and its relationship with suction and volumetric water content was established. The study results indicated: (1) The wetting front advancement rate gradually slowed down over time, especially under higher vertical stress; the relationship between the wetting front advancement and time can be described by a power function. (2) The infiltration rate experienced three stages with increasing time: rapid infiltration, significant infiltration, and stable infiltration, significantly influenced by vertical stress. The relationship between cumulative infiltration volume and time can be described by the Philip infiltration model. (3) The collapse deformation over time can be divided into three stages, with stress significantly affecting the time intervals and collapse deformation amounts at each stage. (4) The soil–water characteristic curves during the infiltration process shifted upward with increasing stress, which also significantly impacts the air entry value and the absorption rate. The unsaturated permeability coefficient increased with decreasing matric suction and increased with increasing volumetric water content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of climate-related influences of dams on the Artvin province of Türkiye using remote sensing data","authors":"Cigdem Serifoglu Yilmaz","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12179-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12179-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dams are engineering structures with a substantial influence on environmental systems, making it necessary to regularly monitor their effects on the climate of the region they are located. In the recent years, the advent of remote sensing technologies has enabled faster analysis of their effects on climate, even for large-extent areas. This study aims to investigate the climate-related influences of five dams that started to receive water in 2005, 2006, 2012, 2015, and 2022 in the Artvin province of Türkiye. To do so, time series analysis were conducted using multi-sensor satellite data for the years between 1995 and 2023. To better reveal the dam reservoir-induced climate change effects, the experiments were carried out for both the entire Artvin region and the 10-km buffer zone generated through the Coruh River on which the dams were built. The investigated climate parameters included land surface temperature (LST), precipitation (Pre), evapotranspiration (ET), relative humidity (RH), heat index (HI), wind speed (WS) and normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI). The trends of these parameters were investigated with Mann-Kendall, Sen’s Slope and Pettitt tests. Dam reservoirs were found to cause a warming effect from the buffer zone to the entire region, with no significant impact on Pre. The increase in temperature led to higher ET, especially in summer, while RH decreased and HI increased, indicating drier but hotter conditions during the time period examined. Most climate changes were found to occur when the dams started filling, and the reservoirs also contributed to enhanced vegetation in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12179-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}