Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Impact of anthropogenic stress on runoff changes exceeded natural factors in the Yihe River, a typical rocky mountain river in northern China","authors":"Zijun Li,&nbsp;Jiayuan Liu,&nbsp;Shuwei Zheng,&nbsp;Zheng Xiang,&nbsp;Haijun Wang,&nbsp;Mengjie Zhao,&nbsp;Fei Wen,&nbsp;Zhijie Lu,&nbsp;Jinkuo Lin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12131-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12131-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an important component of global surface water resources, river runoff is crucial for guiding regional ecological construction and sustainable utilization. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of anthropogenic stress, including the development and utilization of water resources, soil and water control projects, land-use changes, and the construction of water conservancy projects, on changes in runoff in rocky mountain rivers. This study focused on the runoff variation and influencing factors of the Yihe River (YHR), a typical rocky mountain river in northern China, from 1951 to 2020. The results showed that the YHR’s runoff has shown a significantly decreasing trend from 1951 to 2020 and the annual runoff of YHR varied from 0.62 × 10⁸ to 62.10 × 10⁸ m³ with an average value of 20.23 × 10⁸ m³/a over the past 70 years. There were three runoff variation periodicities, 6a, 12a, and 24a, respectively. Precipitation was the primary source of runoff in the YHR, which contributed 48.38% to runoff reduction between 1966 and 2020, and the impact of anthropogenic stress (including the development and utilization of water resources, soil and water control projects, land-use changes, and the construction of water conservancy projects) on the YHR runoff reduction exceeded natural factors from 1966 to 2020, with an average contribution rate of 51.62%. Thus, the ecological environment and water resource management of the YHR will face more serious challenges owing to continuously increasing anthropogenic stress in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and identification of pollution sources in facility agriculture areas using self-organizing neural networks","authors":"Hui Liu,&nbsp;Xiaonong Hu,&nbsp;Henghua Zhu,&nbsp;Liting Xing,&nbsp;Zhong Han,&nbsp;Kai Hu,&nbsp;Xinze Wang,&nbsp;Linxian Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12114-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12114-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Facility agriculture is a modern intensive cultivation method that is widely seen as the future of global agriculture. However, large-scale emissions of concentrated pollutants during production pose serious threats to groundwater quality. Identifying the sources of pollutants and assessing source-specific risks are critical for developing effective risk mitigation strategies. In this study, a combination of methodologies including Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), K-means clustering, factor analysis, and ion ratio analysis were utilized to investigate pollution risks in a typical facility agriculture area in Shouguang City, Shandong Province, China. The groundwater quality in the study area is poor and slightly alkaline, with NO₃⁻ being the main pollutant. The chemical composition of groundwater in the aquifer is influenced by both human activities (41.89%, such as agricultural activities) and natural processes (58.11%, such as water–rock interactions). Furthermore, pollution sources in the study area were spatially categorized into two clusters: Cluster 1, mainly located on the right bank of the Mi River, is primarily related to urban domestic sewage discharge, and Cluster 2, primarily on the left bank of the Mi River, is mainly related to agricultural activities. The average concentrations of Cl⁻ and Na⁺, both of which have high mobility, are significantly higher in Cluster 2 than in Cluster 1, suggesting that the groundwater system in Cluster 2 is relatively closed, resulting in higher ion concentrations and pollution levels. These findings provide valuable insights for the prevention, control, and remediation of groundwater pollution in the study area, and in facility agriculture regions generally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining surface resistance to overland flow in semiarid field conditions with low Reynolds numbers using the Crompton framework","authors":"J. R. B. Cantalice,&nbsp;V. P. Singh,&nbsp;Taiza K. A. Souza,&nbsp;E. O. S. Nunes,&nbsp;Genival Barros Junior,&nbsp;V. P. Silva Junior,&nbsp;Wagner L. S. Souza,&nbsp;Jeongwoo Han","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12177-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12177-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shallow water flow on semiarid hillslopes with shrubs or cultivated with crops often occurs as laminar flow without concentration. Typically, the flow has a low Reynolds number, usually below 100, and the surface hydraulic resistance generated from the interaction between the soil surface and vegetation that obstructs the flow is governed by the Froude number. This study conducted field experiments on Brazilian shrub and semiarid crop fields and applied the Crompton framework to model hydraulic resistance. The overland flow observed on semiarid hillslopes under crops or natural vegetation always presented Reynolds numbers between 32 and 54, and the flow was laminar and subcritical. By employing the kinematic wave approximation, the Crompton framework was found to model overland flow resistance over semiarid hillslopes with acceptable accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of spatial and temporal variability of seasonality in precipitation regimes over Serbia","authors":"Mohammad Arab Amiri,&nbsp;Milan Gocić","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12171-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12171-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation seasonality across Serbia using various seasonality indices. The research focuses on understanding the intra- and inter-annual variability of precipitation regimes over two sub-periods: 1946–1984 and 1985–2023. For this purpose, monthly precipitation data from 24 synoptic stations across Serbia were analyzed using seasonality indices such as the General Seasonality Index (<span>(overline{SI})</span>), Individual Seasonality Index (SI_i), Mean Individual Seasonality Index (<span>(overline{{SI_{i} }})</span>), and Replicability Index (RI)). The results shown on the SI maps indicate a more irregular rainfall distribution during the first sub-period, with a noticeably higher seasonality in the northern part of Serbia. The mean SI_i shows an increasing gradient from southwest to northeast, with the highest variability shifting from the central and southeastern parts (1946–1984) to the northern and eastern parts of Serbia (1985–2023). Minimum values reveal a shift from a “very equitable” regime in the first sub-period to “equitable with a definite wetter season” in the second, while maximum values generally decreased. RI values remain low across Serbia, reflecting significant variability in precipitation regimes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical evolution and genesis of geothermal waters in the Cuona-Woka rift zone of Southern Tibet, Southwestern China","authors":"Haoqing Huang,&nbsp;Mo Xu,&nbsp;Xingcheng Yuan,&nbsp;Qinghua Peng,&nbsp;Weibing Wang,&nbsp;Jinhang Huang,&nbsp;Yunhui Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Zhou,&nbsp;Peng Ye,&nbsp;Lisheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12163-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12163-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geothermal resources, as a renewable and clean source of energy, are attracting widespread attention globally. In China, most medium to high enthalpy geothermal resources are developed in the Tibetan Plateau, especially in the rift zone of Southern Tibet. To further investigate the genesis mechanisms of geothermal resources, this study collected geothermal spring samples from the Cuona-Woka rift zone in Southern Tibet. Hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics were analyzed to reveal the origin, evolution, reservoir temperature, and circulation mechanisms of the geothermal waters. The exposed temperature of the geothermal spring ranges from 34 to 67 °C. Compared with HCO₃-Ca·Na and HCO₃-Na type samples, HCO₃·Cl-Na and HCO₃·SO₄-Na type samples have higher concentrations of Cl⁻ and trace elements. The geothermal springs are recharged by a mixture of meteoric water, snow-melt water, and magmatic water. The recharge areas had an elevation range from 5091 to 6087 m, with temperatures from −5 to −10 °C. The hydrochemical processes are dominated by silicate and carbonate dissolution, and positive cation exchange, with local gypsum dissolution. Solute geothermometers, silica-enthalpy mixing models, and geothermal conceptual model indicate that there exist shallow geothermal reservoirs (temperature = 137–162 °C) mixed by surficial cold groundwater and initial deep geothermal reservoirs (temperature = 196–212 °C), respectively. Finally, two genesis models of geothermal waters are proposed: the deep melt mixing and heating model (Type A) and the high-temperature steam heating model (Type B). The achievements of this study would provide valuable insight into geothermal research and exploitation in the Tibetan Plateau.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution, geochemistry and provenance of heavy minerals in Miri beach sediments, NW Borneo, Malaysia","authors":"Shyamalan Naidu,&nbsp;Prasanna Mohan Viswanathan","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12159-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12159-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the spatial distribution of heavy minerals (HMs) in Miri beach sediments was assessed to quantify the abundance and determine the provenance. Surface sediment samples were collected in Miri beaches during low tide with respect to longitudinal, lateral and depth samplings. The collected samples were processed for grain size analysis by using sieving method. Then the HMs separation at different grain size fractions was carried out by using gravity and magnetic separation methods. Polarising Microscope was used to identify various HMs present in the sediment samples. In addition, selected sediment samples were analysed by using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the elemental composition and major oxides for the geochemistry and provenance. From the results, HMs found in Miri beach sediments were zircon, magnetite, tourmaline, and rutile. Magnetite was abundant in 600–250 μm size fraction, zircon in 125–63 μm size fraction, tourmaline in 125–63 μm size fraction, and rutile in 250–125 μm size fraction. Longitudinally, magnetite was found to have higher abundance towards the southern part of the coastline. However, the abundance of rutile and tourmaline was found in the northern part of the coastline. Zircon was more abundant in the middle and southern parts of the coastline. Laterally, the concentration of HMs was higher towards the landward side. In terms of depth, the distribution of HMs varies and abundant in the surface sample. Geochemically, the beach sediments were found to be highly weathered in the north beaches (CIA = 78.9), moderately weathered in the middle (CIA = 63.8 to 66.5) and poorly weathered in the southern beaches (CIA = 40.4–49.6). The high content of quartz in the sediments are derived from the quartzose sedimentary origin, which undergone recycling process. Environmental indices such as contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and enrichment factor (EF) indicate that the Miri beach sediments were highly concentrated with Cr, Ni, and Ta.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12159-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic and microstructural analysis of zeolite-stabilized heavy metal contaminated clayey sand","authors":"Amin Hasani Motlagh,&nbsp;Mahmoud Hassanlourad,&nbsp;Mohammad Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Mina Bakhshy","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12178-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12178-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal contamination in soil poses significant environmental and geotechnical challenges, requiring effective stabilization to limit contaminant mobility, enhance soil stability, and reduce deformation. This study investigates the dynamic response and microstructural changes in heavy metal-contaminated clayey sand, emphasizing the effects of clay type (kaolin and bentonite) and zeolite stabilization at varying contents (5%, 10%, and 15%). Laboratory tests, including cyclic triaxial, bender element, adsorption, sedimentation, pH measurements, Atterberg limits, and SEM analyses, were performed. Results reveal that contamination significantly reduces liquefaction resistance, with kaolin-based mixtures more susceptible than bentonite-based ones due to differences in plasticity, specific surface area, and swelling capacity. Zeolite stabilization, especially at 10% content, improves resistance by strengthening the soil structure and mitigating pore pressure under cyclic loading. Contamination affects shear modulus and damping ratio differently for kaolin and bentonite mixtures, with zeolite amplifying these impacts at higher contents through enhanced particle dispersion. Heavy metal adsorption increases with bentonite and zeolite addition, with bentonite exhibiting 180% greater lead adsorption than kaolin. Optimal adsorption performance is achieved with 10% zeolite. Microstructural analysis indicates contamination disrupts hydrogen bonding of kaolin, induces flocculation in bentonite, and has minimal effect on the stable structure of zeolite. These findings highlight the importance of clay type, zeolite content, and soil composition in mitigating contamination effects, providing insights into effective soil stabilization strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting backbreak due to blasting using LSSVM optimized by metaheuristic algorithms","authors":"Niaz Muhammad Shahani,&nbsp;Xigui Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12170-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12170-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Backbreak is an undesirable outcome in blasting operations caused by factors such as equipment failure, improper fragmentation, unstable mine walls, reduced drilling efficiency, and other issues that contribute to increased mining operation costs. To overcome these problems effectively, this study developed a least square support vector machine (LSSVM) model and optimized it using metaheuristic algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA)-LSSVM, particle swarm optimization (PSO)-LSSVM, and grey wolf optimization (GWO)-LSSVM, to predict the efficiency and accuracy of backbreak due to blasting in surface mines using burden (m), spacing (m), stemming (m), powder factor (kg/m^s), and stiffness ratio (m/m) as input parameters. Among the models evaluated, the GWO-LSSVM model demonstrated superior performance compared to the LSSVM, GA-LSSVM, and PSO-LSSVM models, achieving a coefficient of determination of 0.998 and 0.997, mean absolute error of 0.0068 and 0.1209, root mean squared error of 0.0825 and 0.1936, and SI of 0.021 and 0.044 on the training and testing datasets, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the GWO-LSSVM model revealed that the powder factor exerted the most significant influence, while the burden had the least impact on backbreak. This developed method has proven to significantly enhance the performance evaluation of backbreak in surface mines and offers valuable engineering applications in mining and other related fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability map for solar photovoltaic desalination farms using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis","authors":"Noura Dahri,&nbsp;Héla Séjine,&nbsp;Ali Bouamrane,&nbsp;Quoc Bao Pham,&nbsp;Habib Abida,&nbsp;Alexandre S. Gagnon,&nbsp;Makram Anane","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12152-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12152-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Grombalia Basin, located in Northern Tunisia, is facing significant challenges related to water scarcity. The cultivation of citrus fruits in this region, supported by the government, has become increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including reduced rainfall and more frequent drought periods. The agricultural sector faces a crisis due not only to the lack of water resources but also to inadequate management (water losses in irrigation systems). This study aims to delineate the most suitable areas for implementing solar photovoltaic (PV) desalination farms utilizing abandoned brackish groundwater. A Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), is employed as a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach. This paper evaluates potential sites based on climatic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The FAHP framework determines criteria weights through pairwise comparisons, ensuring robust and systematic decision-making. The results indicate that the most suitable sites are located north of the Grombalia basin, which currently lacks access to external water resources for irrigation. The \"Dependence of Farmers on Water Resources (DFWR)\" is the most sensitive criterion, and the most suitable sites remain relatively the same despite variations in weighting. These findings will assist farmers in using solar energy to desalinate brackish groundwater, thus ensuring the sustainability of their crops and preserving their citrus heritage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of trace metal contamination in overbank sediments of the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa","authors":"Jamie-Leigh Robin Abrahams,&nbsp;Emmanuel John Muico Carranza","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12169-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12169-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Overbank sediments are a significant sink for trace metals (TMs) and, thus, may represent an important secondary source of TMs in industrial environments. The current study (i) assessed the degree of TM contamination in overbank sediments along the Blesbokspruit River (located in the Witbank Coalfield in South Africa) using enrichment factors (<i>EF</i>s); and (ii) determined potential sources of TM contamination using log-ratio-transformed data as inputs to factor analysis (FA). Overbank sediments along the study site were characterized by no to minor enrichment of Al, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb; no to moderate enrichment of Fe and Cr; and no to moderately severe enrichment of Mn and Cd. The FA revealed three main factors: F1 (loaded mainly by Zn and Ni), F2 (loaded mainly by Pb and Cu) and F3 (loaded mainly by Cr). With the exception of samples along the main roadway, Zn and Ni which loaded F1 appeared largely derived from acid mine drainage (AMD) linked to coal mining in the study site, while F2 (loaded by Cu and Pb) and F3 (loaded by Cr) could be linked to additional sources, such as industrial wastewater and ferrochrome processing, respectively. This study highlights the importance of monitoring AMD and industrial wastes and emissions in the study area to minimize the potential threat of TMs to environmental and human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12169-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}