Environmental Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the middle-upper jurassic strata in the Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone, southern Tethys: Implications from stable isotopic data and scanning electron microscopy","authors":"Rebwar H. Rasool,&nbsp;Ali I. Al-Juboury,&nbsp;Sarmad A. Ali,&nbsp;Nagham Omar,&nbsp;Tom McCann,&nbsp;Rowe Harry,&nbsp;Giovanni Zanoni,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Al-Obeidi,&nbsp;Nasir Alarifi","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12473-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12473-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The middle to upper Jurassic succession in the Kurdistan Region in northern-northeastern Iraq, forms a part of the southern Tethys Zagros Suture Zone, comprises a thick carbonate rock (dolomite, limestone, dolomitic limestone, and argillaceous limestone) interbedded with shale units. In order to reconstruct the paleoclimatic fluctuations, the bulk carbonates from the Sargelu, Naokelekan and Barsarin formations that spanned middle to late Jurassic period are selected for δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C analyses supported by scanning electron microscopic imaging aiming to assess the temperature variability and carbon cycle dynamics comparing to global paleoclimate evolution during the Jurassic. The negative trends in oxygen isotopic data are recorded with a general increase in temperature from the middle to upper Jurassic. The middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation records warm paleo temperatures, indicating deposition in marine environments in a mixture of humid and dry conditions. The late Jurassic Naokelekan Formation was deposited in both marine and freshwater environments with a higher temperature than the Sargelu Formation. An increase in temperature also recorded in the upper Jurassic Barsarin Formation, while deposition was characterized by a climate in a brackish lagoon environment. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study supports these depositional interpretations, where the common presence of coccoliths and illite–smectite clay mineral confirm the marine deposition of the Sargelu Formation. The various forms of disc-shaped calcite crystals, star-shaped crystals, long fibrous and columnar calcite crystals reveal deposition in a mixing of marine to fresh water setting for the upper Jurassic Naokelekan and Barsarin formations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeomorphological influences on sediment quality: insights for watershed management","authors":"Keivan Khorrami,&nbsp;Habib Nazarnejad,&nbsp;Ahmad Mahmoodzadeh,&nbsp;Farrokh Asadzadeh,&nbsp;Esmaeil Sheidai-Karkaj,&nbsp;Artemi Cerdà","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12551-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12551-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sediment quality is crucial for watershed management and soil conservation but poorly understood at the watershed scale in semi-arid regions vulnerable to erosion and degradation. This study examines hydrogeomorphological influences on sediment quality in Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran, a area with varied topography, semi-arid climate, and intense erosion issues. We created a Sediment Quality Index (SQI) from 98 streambed sediment samples, collected via stratified random sampling across gradients of elevation, slope, vegetation cover, and lithology. Samples were tested for nine physicochemical traits: organic matter, potassium, lime, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sand, clay, silt, And bulk density. These were normalized on a 0–1 scale with “more is better,” “less is better,” or “optimal range” functions and averaged for SQI. Analyses involved redundancy analysis (RDA) for multivariate Links between sediment properties And factors Like elevation, rainfall, vegetation, slope, temperature, erodibility, And stream slope; stepwise regression for SQI predictors; and t-tests comparing sediments to slope soils. RDA showed significant relationships, with the first axis accounting for 15.08% variance. Regression highlighted elevation’s negative effect on SQI (β = -0.393, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), signaling coarser, less nutritious sediments at higher altitudes from limited soil and vegetation. Vegetation cover and slope positively correlated (β = +0.235 and + 0.225, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), improving quality via organic matter, finer grains, and less runoff. Sediments were mostly sandy-loamy, alkaline (mean pH 7.84), and low-EC, indicating erodibility from grazing and lithology. These insights identify key drivers, filling a global gap and guiding conservation like revegetation and bunding for Ardabil and akin areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dynamics in coastal epibenthic hypersaline microbial mats from semiarid areas","authors":"Vanesa Liliana Perillo,&nbsp;Lucía Maisano,&nbsp;María Cintia Piccolo,&nbsp;Gerardo Miguel Eduardo Perillo,&nbsp;Luis Ariel Raniolo,&nbsp;Diana G. Cuadrado","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12591-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12591-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change mitigation strategies focus primarily on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. An alternative strategy, carbon (C) sequestration through land and ocean ecosystems, is gaining momentum in climate policy. This study explores C sequestration by microbial mats in two semiarid coastal tidal flats in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: Puerto Cuatreros (PC) and Paso Seco (PS). Interannual CO₂ fluxes and C storage were measured using an optical CO₂ sensor and sediment core analyses, respectively. Microbial mats in PS exhibited larger CO₂ fluxes, releasing more CO₂ into the atmosphere compared to PC. Seasonal trends showed higher CO₂ release during spring and summer at both sites. Sediment core analyses indicate that PC had higher organic C content, whereas PS had significant inorganic C accumulation, attributed to periodic CaCO₃ precipitation in the evaporitic environment. Microbial mats in these semiarid regions contribute to C sequestration, but their net effect varies with environmental conditions and seasonal changes. These results underscore the need for further research on microbial mats in semiarid regions to fully understand their role in global C cycling and their potential as natural climate solutions. Finally, the presence of buried CaCO₃ in PS highlights the importance of considering both organic and inorganic C in C stock calculations for an accurate global C budgeting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood risk analysis of strategically important structures to river coasts: case study of wastewater disposal facility","authors":"Özkan Akpınar,&nbsp;Özgür Anıl","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12558-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12558-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, a study was carried out to determine the risk situations of strategically important facilities such as treatment plants on river banks or residential structures at risk after floods. Within the scope of the study conducted in Turkey, the Konya Bozkır wastewater treatment facility is located by the river, and the river basin where the Aksaray Selime wastewater treatment facility is located was selected as a sample area for the risk analysis study. The ground characteristics of the basin where both wastewater treatment plants are located were determined, and the annual maximum flow rates of the streams were determined from the measurement stations on the streams adjacent to the wastewater treatment plants. By obtaining digital land elevation and location data of wastewater treatment facilities and their neighboring streams, DEM (Digital Elevation Model) files were created, which serve as the basis for the MIKE 21 Flow Model Flexible Mesh program, which is used to determine flood boundaries. Modeling was done in different scenarios with the data transferred to the program, and the program output data of flood boundaries and water height were obtained. Modeling results showed that both facilities remained within the flood boundaries, and flood water surface elevations also changed with the fluctuations in flood flow rates. By evaluating the obtained data, the risks of the Konya Bozkır wastewater treatment plant and the Aksaray Selime wastewater treatment plant in possible floods were examined, and solution suggestions were made to avoid being affected by floods. As a result of the analysis studies, it was determined that water treatment plants located close to rivers in both regions are at risk of being adversely affected by possible floods and that it is inevitable for the facilities to be damaged as a result of floods, especially under the effect of a 200-year recurrence period flood flow. This study has revealed the importance and necessity of conducting such hydrodynamic numerical analysis studies to determine the flood risk for living spaces and strategically important facilities located close to rivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-source remote sensing-based soil moisture retrieval at different depths in the Naqu Region, Tibetan Plateau: a comparative analysis of machine learning models with modified water cloud model preprocessing","authors":"Zhong Tong,&nbsp;Jinhui Hu,&nbsp;Ji Xiong,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Aoxuan Pang,&nbsp;Changtao Deng,&nbsp;Qiuwen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12514-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12514-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil moisture is a critical environmental variable, but its retrieval in high-altitude regions is challenging due to Limited ground-truth data, frequent freeze-thaw cycles that alter soil dielectric properties, and complex surface-vegetation interactions unique to alpine ecosystems. This study addresses these challenges by developing an integrated framework for soil moisture retrieval at 10, 20, and 40 cm depths in the Naqu region, Tibetan Plateau. To isolate the soil backscatter signal from vegetation interference, we first apply a modified Water Cloud Model that incorporates vegetation structure by accounting for fractional vegetation cover and height. Subsequently, we compare the performance of five machine learning models (polynomial regression, 1D CNN, MLP, KAN, and an attention-based model) using the processed backscatter data and optical vegetation indices. The t raining dataset was augmented to improve model generalization. The modified WCM proved highly effective, improving the correlation between backscatter and soil moisture by up to 51% (at 20 cm depth). The comparative analysis revealed that model performance is depth-dependent: the attention-based model was optimal for surface moisture at 10 cm (R² = 0.713), MLP excelled at 20 cm (R² = 0.786), and KAN was superior at 40 cm (R² = 0.780). These findings highlight the importance of physically-based vegetation correction and provide a guide for selecting depth-specific models for soil moisture retrieval in complex high-altitude environments, offering valuable insights for hydrological modeling and ecological monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating tourism urban expansion, heat Island dynamics, and economic sustainability using Landsat and Sentinel satellite data","authors":"Xiaoqian Yi,&nbsp;Umer Khalil,&nbsp;Yahia Said,&nbsp;Dmitry E. Kucher,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12560-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12560-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanization and land use transformation have significantly altered the surface thermal environment in many cities, intensifying the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect. This study investigates the SUHI phenomenon in the tourism urban area, by analyzing Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes and their relationship with Land Surface Temperature (LST) using multi-temporal remote sensing data from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 for the years 2019 And 2024. LULC classification was performed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The results indicate a notable increase in urban and bare land areas and a sharp vegetation decline in the tourism urban area. According to Sentinel-2 data, urban land expanded from 354.65 km² (7.48%) in 2019 to 271 km² (9.74%) in 2024, while vegetation cover decreased from 805.11 km² (22.11%) to 524.68 km² (14.55%). LST was estimated from the thermal band of Landsat-8, revealing that surface temperatures above 45 °C became dominant in 2024, compared to moderate values in 2019. The analysis of spectral indices (NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NDBaI, UI, and EBBI) showed that NDBaI and NDBI exhibited the strongest positive correlation with LST (R² = 0.56 And 0.38 in 2019; R² = 0.44 And 0.44 in 2024), while NDVI showed a negative correlation. Boxplots illustrated that urban And bare surfaces consistently recorded the highest LST, whereas vegetated And water-covered areas remained significantly cooler. The overall classification accuracy reached 0.98 (Kappa = 0.96) for Sentinel-2 And 0.74 (Kappa = 0.67) for Landsat-8 in 2019, validating the robustness of the classification approach. The findings emphasise the urgent need for sustainable urban planning, recommending urban greening, surface permeability enhancement, and compact vertical development to mitigate the SUHI effect and its associated environmental and health impacts in the tourism urban area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyporheic zone permeability evolution and groundwater dynamics in river valleys: field monitoring and numerical analysis","authors":"Zhongle Cheng,&nbsp;Fugang Wang,&nbsp;Geng Cui,&nbsp;Yi Yang,&nbsp;Zhaohui Peng","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12599-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12599-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In mountainous areas within seasonally frozen regions, groundwater level dynamics is complex due to climate, landforms and geological conditions. Understanding the mechanism of groundwater level dynamics is crucial for restricting groundwater resource exploitation and protecting the mountain ecological environment. Previous studies have revealed that there is an abnormal groundwater level dynamics in river valleys during the freezing period. However, the mechanism of abnormal groundwater level dynamics in river valleys is still unclear. This study explored groundwater level dynamics mechanism in different positions of river valleys based on in-situ groundwater level monitoring and numerical simulation, and the groundwater level dynamics patterns in river valleys with different characteristics were analysed. The findings are as follows: (1) For the first time, it is discovered that an abnormal groundwater dynamic zone exists near river channel under certain hydraulic characteristics, where groundwater level rises above the initial value during the freezing period. (2) The mechanism of groundwater level variation within the abnormal zone has been clarified: aqueous medium permeability evolution in hyporheic zone primarily drive abnormal groundwater level fluctuation during the freezing period near the river channel, with river water level variations influencing the width of the abnormal zone. (3) For river valleys with different hydraulic characteristics, there are differences in groundwater level dynamic patterns between the far and near river channel areas, and the fundamental reason lies in the differences in groundwater recharge/discharge. In the far river channel area, deep groundwater level is only affected by lateral recharge in the freezing period, showing consistent groundwater level dynamics across valley shapes. In the near river channel area, when groundwater table depth is shallow (appearing in flat river valleys), the freeze‒thaw process of the topsoil affects the vertical groundwater migration and causes groundwater level fluctuations. When the groundwater level is lower than the maximum depth affected by topsoil freezing (appearing in steep river valleys), freeze‒thaw affect the lateral recharge intensity and control groundwater level fluctuations. The dynamic patterns of groundwater level in different river valley shapes under freeze‒thaw effects provide a new perspective for the study of groundwater level dynamics in river valley areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-product accounting and enhancement for rehabilitated land in mining area: methodologies and policies for sustainable development","authors":"Dawei Wu,&nbsp;Jinman Wang,&nbsp;Yu Feng,&nbsp;Jianing Zhang,&nbsp;Tiantian Ye,&nbsp;Mengxuan Jia,&nbsp;Tingyu Gao,&nbsp;Yue Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12557-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12557-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, mining is one of the largest organized human activities that change land use patterns and damage terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in many ecological and environmental problems. To address these issues, it is crucial to restore the original ecological balance of the mining area. This requires us to attach great importance to the improvement of ecosystem service functions while promoting physical restoration in mining areas, that is, to deeply explore and enhance the value of ecological products. Currently, the relevant research is insufficient in quantifying the value of intangible ecological products; moreover, it is lacking in the standardization of evaluation methods and marketization mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to develop scientific value accounting methods and discuss value realization mechanisms. This study focused on the rehabilitated land in the Pingshuo mining area in Shanxi Province of China, and improves the connotation and concept of ecological products of rehabilitated land in mining areas. In this study, the replacement market method was used to value the various services and products provided by the ecosystem. The value of ecological products in the study area was conducted a spatiotemporal dynamic evaluation using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Moreover, the application of the results of ecological products accounting in the ecological environment construction of mining area was evaluated, and the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in mining areas was explored. From 2000 to 2019, the value of ecological products in the Pingshuo mining area rose from ¥351.03 million to ¥508.56 million, exceeding local GDP. Water retention (WR) and climate regulation (CR) ecological products were the most prominent contributors, and the overall value of ecological products in the mining area consistently demonstrated a growth trend. Nevertheless, the values of carbon sequestration (CS), oxygen release (OR), and CR experienced fluctuations in certain years. By integrating Mann-Kendall spatiotemporal analysis into replacement cost methods, our study overcomes limitations of static evaluations in earlier work. We propose a dynamic valuation framework that can be replicated in other degraded ecosystems globally. Our findings advocate for embedding Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) into national economic accounting systems as a complement to GDP, and establishing market-driven mechanisms (e.g., carbon credit trading) to incentivize ecological restoration in mining areas. These innovations provide actionable policy tools for balancing economic growth with ecological sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing soil-water characteristic curves of sandy soils in Rakhine using the evaporation method with a simple device","authors":"Zan Lin Phyo,&nbsp;Sandar Lin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12545-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12545-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to determine the Soil-Water Characteristic Curves (SWCCs) of silty sand and poorly-graded sand from Rakhine State, Myanmar. We used a simplified SWCC testing device with the evaporation method. This device enables simultaneous monitoring of soil water content and suction during both drying and wetting processes. We analyzed and compared the distributions of matric suction and gravimetric water content and fitted the SWCCs using appropriate models. Furthermore, we evaluated SWCC parameters, such as the air-entry values and fitted residual water contents, for the soil samples. During the drying process, the surrounding temperature had a significant influence on the experiment, resulting in fluctuations in temperature and water content over time. The novelty lies in validating its practical efficiency for sandy soils from Myanmar, for which no prior SWCC data exist, thereby contributing valuable regional reference data, including fitted SWCCs, and demonstrating its suitability for geotechnical applications in similar field conditions. The evaporation method using this device is efficient for sandy soils within its measurable suction range (0–90 kPa), reducing testing time while effectively capturing soil-water characteristics. However, there are limitations, including temperature fluctuations during the test and the tensiometer’s restricted readable limits. Continuous optimization of this method is necessary to assess soil-water characteristics accurately.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of karst groundwater evolution and strontium sources in xujiagou: A hydrochemical and strontium isotope analysis","authors":"Yun Lin,&nbsp;Yi-meng He,&nbsp;Ya-zun Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12553-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12553-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study integrates hydrochemical analysis with strontium isotope tracing to investigate strontium sources and enrichment mechanisms in the Xujiagou karst system, North China. Groundwater samples (<i>n</i> = 36) across exposed, covered, and buried area were analyzed for spatiotemporal Sr²⁺ concentrations variations and isotopic signatures. Results reveal distinct spatial zoning: Sr²⁺ concentrations increase from southwest recharge zones to northeast discharge zones, correlating with longer flow paths and enhanced groundwater-rock interaction. Temporally, dry season Sr²⁺ concentration was higher than wet season in 2018, but extreme rainfall in 2021 reversed this trend in confined zones due to accelerated carbonate dissolution. Strong Sr/Ca–Sr/Mg correlations (R²=0.45) confirm carbonate weathering as the primary strontium source. However, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of samples exceeding typical carbonate values, coupled with elevated Cl⁻ and depressed Sr²⁺/(K⁺+Na⁺) in coal-mining areas, demonstrate significant anthropogenic inputs from agriculture and sewage. Through the analysis of different nitrate sources, it is found that the Sr²⁺ concentrations is influenced by manure and sewage, while the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is affected by fertilizers, further supporting the presence of diverse anthropogenic impacts. The research results show that karst groundwater in the Xujiagou Spring area has been contaminated to varying degrees by human activities. It is imperative to strengthen the protection of karst groundwater to ensure sustainable development of the regional economy, society, and ecology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}