Climate Risk Management最新文献

{"title":"Mapping the integration of climate considerations in social protection in LMICs: An assessment of ninety-eight climate-relevant social protection programs","authors":"Cecilia Costella ,&nbsp;Abhinav Banthiya ,&nbsp;Rachel Reilly ,&nbsp;Sajanika Sivanu ,&nbsp;Rachel Slater ,&nbsp;Yola Georgiadou ,&nbsp;Maarten van Aalst","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social protection can be a key policy tool for managing the socioeconomic impacts of climate change, including poverty and inequality. Despite growing interest from policy makers and academics, a systematic effort to document and analyze the integration of climate considerations in social protection programs is lacking. This understanding is crucial for designing policies and programs that more effectively address the impacts of climate change.</div><div>Our research provides a first systematic mapping of climate considerations integration in social protection programs in low- and middle-income countries. Using a mixed-methods approach, we identify 98 climate-relevant social protection programs and gather data on over 70 variables related to their scope and climate relevance at policy, design, and implementation level. We aim to answer the question: to what extent and how are social protection programs in LMICs climate-relevant?</div><div>We find a significant number of long-standing climate-relevant social protection programs that reach large populations and involve substantial financial investments globally. At the policy and program design level, climate considerations in these programs remain relatively limited and vary based on the sector of the lead agency. At the implementation level, most programs typically focus on shock response, though our findings show they already support broader climate functions. Our results empirically substantiate assumptions about climate-relevant social protection, offer key new policy insights, and identify areas for further research. We also make the database openly available for use by researchers and practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living in the ‘Blue Zone’ of a sea-level rise inundation map: Community perceptions of coastal flooding in King Salmon, California","authors":"Laurie Richmond ,&nbsp;Kristina Kunkel","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As sea-level rise (SLR) inundation maps proliferate, it is important to study their politics – both how they are created and how they act upon and shape various lives and places. This paper uses the example of King Salmon, CA – a rural, low-income residential area projected to be one of the most at risk to SLR on the US West Coast – to examine how a community responds to external projections showing SLR risk to their homes and businesses. Through interviews with 17 King Salmon community members and observation of a county-hosted ‘communities at risk’ workshop, we examined the community’s social context, their past experiences with flooding, and their reaction to SLR projection maps including what next steps they would like to see taken. Residents expressed a strong connection to the place, noting that it is one of the few affordable places to live on the coast in California. We found that residents already live with regular flooding during larger tides of the year and have taken steps to adapt. We observed a strong generational component in responses to projection maps with many older respondents believing or hoping that the worst effects from SLR would not come until after they passed away. Residents expressed a lack of faith in government to address flooding concerns both at present and into the future, noting that general maintenance issues have gone unaddressed for decades. Many residents interviewed and observed seemed open or at least resigned to the possibility of relocation at a future undetermined time. This work reveals the power dynamics inherent in climate projections like SLR maps, which, due to their technical nature and mobility, can leave communities out of conversations related to potential futures. Findings also have implications related to climate and SLR work – highlighting the importance of understanding community context; contributing to equity considerations about how wealth and other demographic factors shape how communities interact with SLR planning; and spotlighting the need for sustained learning, engagement, and co-production with communities in the ‘blue zones’ of SLR inundation maps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000135/pdfft?md5=e3a26e218d9dcb80fe448b431d32602f&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000135-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations of potato production to future climate change by optimizing planting date, irrigation and fertilizer in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of China","authors":"Jianzhao Tang ,&nbsp;Huizi Bai ,&nbsp;Shenghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Dengpan Xiao ,&nbsp;Zheng Tianzhu ,&nbsp;De Li Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Puyu Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Future climate change, especially rising temperature and varying precipitation will have significant impacts on potato production. Revealing the optimum planting date, irrigation schedule and fertilizer amount under future climate scenarios is critical for promoting sustainable potato production in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone (APE). In this study, two representative stations of Wuchuan (WC) and Zhangbei (ZB) in APE were selected, firstly, we used well validated APSIM-Potato model to optimize the planting date of potato in future climate scenarios. Then the impacts of different combination of N fertilizer and irrigation on potato yield, N loss, water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and economic income were analyzed under optimal planting date. The future climate projection was provided by 13 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) under two emission scenarios of future societal development pathway (SSP) 245 and SSP585. Compared with baseline period (1981–2010), the planting windows during 2040 s (2031–2060) and 2080 s (2071–2100) were wider, and the optimal planting dates (OPDs) for rainfed potato should be arranged later under SSP245, but it should be earlier under SSP585. However, the OPDs for irrigated potato should advance under SSP245 and SSP585. Then, we analyzed the coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on potato production under OPDs in future climate scenarios. Irrigation was carried out based on the soil water deficit within 1 m depth (IR, ranged from 10 mm (IR₁₀) to 100 mm (IR₁) with the interval of 10 mm) and fertilizer was set with 8 treatments (N, ranged from 0 kg ha⁻¹ (N₀) to 210 kg ha⁻¹ (N₇) with the interval of 30 kg ha⁻¹). To achieve highest yield, maximum amount of N (N₇, 210 kg ha⁻¹) coupled with IR₁₀ (irrigation applied if soil water deficit beyond 10 mm) should be applied for both WC and ZB station. However, these combinations would accumulatively decrease groundwater table (GDT) by 70.8–76.5 m (39.1–44.8 m) and 78.7–80.2 m (38.6–47.4 m) during 2040 s and 2080 s, and induce annual N loss by 21.6–27.3 kg ha⁻¹ (24.7–25.3 kg ha⁻¹) and 17.7–21.9 kg ha⁻¹ (18.3–21.2 kg ha⁻¹) at WC (ZB), respectively. Net income of potato under different combinations of irrigation and N fertilizer ranged from −10700 to 25,500 Yuan ha⁻¹ and from −4100 to 26,600 Yuan ha⁻¹ at Wuchuan and Zhangbei. To maximize the income of farmers, N₄ (120 kg ha⁻¹) coupled with IR₉ (irrigation applied if soil water deficit beyond 20 mm) should be applied at the two study sites. Our results would be helpful in developing adaptable strategies for potato production to cope with future climate change in the APE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000214/pdfft?md5=0509035e03ddadf55736dfcf9106a480&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of climate risk adaptation on food security among farming households: The case of Nigeria","authors":"Mustapha Yakubu Madaki ,&nbsp;Miroslava Bavorova ,&nbsp;Edvin Zhllima ,&nbsp;Drini Imami","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate risk is a major threat to the sustainable food production of many farmers who depend on rainfed agricultural systems. In response to this threat, climate-smart agricultural innovations, such as drought-tolerant and early mature crop varieties, have been developed and promoted. It is well-known that adopting innovations and improved technologies positively impact adopters' well-being. Therefore, this study sought to determine the factors influencing the adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies and subsequently estimate how food security is affected by the adoption using questionnaire survey data from 1,080 farming households across six agro-ecological zones. The data were analysed using different matching techniques and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR). The model results reveal that access to extension, crop-related and weather information, access to credit and climate change awareness of farmers increase the adoption likelihood of the climate risk adaptation strategies. Adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies positively impacts the food security of farming households as it increases their dietary diversity score and reduces the food security coping strategy index. Enhancing the accessibility of the drought-tolerant and early mature varieties, promoting crop-related and weather information through extension services, and empowering farmers through credit accessibility would strengthen the adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies to increase food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000172/pdfft?md5=1c3ae1e837935212128f415336280fb2&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating seasonality in cotton-based farming systems in southern Mali","authors":"Arouna Dissa ,&nbsp;Maja Slingerland ,&nbsp;Ken E. Giller ,&nbsp;Katrien Descheemaeker","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smallholder farmers’ livelihoods follow predictable and cyclical patterns related to annual cycles of weather, crop and animal production and market fluctuations. Understanding seasonality forms an essential part of unravelling farming systems behaviour and performance, especially in contexts with strong seasonality, such as southern Mali. Farmers make strategic, tactical and operational decisions related to different time horizons to support their agricultural activities. The diverse resource endowments of farming households influence their decisions, and adaptive capacity. This study aimed to understand farmers’ management decisions to cope with weather variability and related consequences. We used a case study approach to analyse temporal interactions between farming system components using data collected over three consecutive years (2017–2019). We focused on three research questions. First, how do farmers navigate the regular patterns of seasonal variations in rainfall, prices, food and fodder availability, and income? Second, how does seasonality influence complementarity between farm components, and trade-offs and synergies among farming objectives that result from the allocation of scarce resources? Finally, how do farming households of different resource endowments respond to unexpected changes and how does this affect the above-mentioned synergies and trade-offs? The data collection methods included (1) focus group discussions, (2) household surveys, and (3) detailed farm monitoring. Farmers undertook diverse production activities, which helped to mitigate negative consequences of crop failure. While providing opportunities for increased adaptive capacity, this diversity also creates interdependencies among farming system components, leading to reinforced positive outcomes in good years and negative outcomes in bad years. This double-edged sword challenges the simple assumption that diversification increases the stability of a farming system. All farm types faced seasonal resource constraints to adapt to unexpected changes. However, the magnitudes of changes in synergies and trade-offs among objectives were less pronounced for medium resource endowed farmers because of their more balanced people- and herd-to-land ratio compared to high resource endowed farmers. Our findings suggest that a better understanding of farm management decisions and the influence of seasonality is key to support farm productivity and to expand the adaptive capacity of smallholders. We suggest that policies aiming to support farm productivity should pay attention to the specific impediments faced by farms with different resource endowments to adapt to changes. Especially, access to credit helps poorer farmers not only to navigate the seasonal food and cash constraints but also to escape poverty traps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000664/pdfft?md5=e33b8d4d6d434343590a605e5b6172ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000664-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative assessment of accommodation strategies based on elevated buildings for coastal adaptation","authors":"Ulysse Pasquier ,&nbsp;Robert J. Nicholls ,&nbsp;Gonéri Le Cozannet ,&nbsp;Paul Sayers","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevating parts or the entirety of the structure of buildings in exposed coastal areas can be an effective way of managing the growing risks associated with climate change and sea level rise. While these accommodation measures are well known, there is little to no research on their role in coastal adaptation policy in Europe or on accommodation taking place at all. A systematic review of grey literature was carried out in metropolitan France, the UK and Ireland to assess the current state of structural accommodation. The analysis shows that although measures such as the raising of floor levels of new developments are common practice as part of property-level resilience and flood risk management on the coasts of the three studied countries, accommodation remains driven by local spatial planning and poorly integrated in overarching adaptation policies. Accommodation is found to be unevenly distributed along the assessed coasts and in many locations is happening in protected or sheltered locations to manage residual risk. Comparisons with the experience from the US – where elevated buildings have been an established strategy for over 50 years – suggest that accommodation could be enhanced by providing guidelines that better account for coastal processes such as the impacts of waves, as well as by promoting financial incentives through subsidies or insurance schemes. National coastal adaptation policies are rapidly evolving in Europe and could benefit from a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of accommodation by elevating buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apple farmer’s willingness to pay for RWBCIS: Determinants and empirical evidences from Jammu and Kashmir, India","authors":"Pawan Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Lyaqat Ali ,&nbsp;Shilpa Sharma ,&nbsp;Sidra Shafaqat ,&nbsp;Vishal Mahajan ,&nbsp;Berjesh Ajrawat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Iqbal Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate-induced extreme events are increasingly affecting farmers’ livelihoods through weather-related losses such as flash floods, hailstorms, and rising temperatures. In response to these challenges, the Central Government has introduced the voluntary Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) as an effective risk management strategy. Under this scheme, farmers are required to pay a premium of 5 percent of the total compensation to avail the benefits. Apple, a major commercial crop in the north-western Himalayas, contributes 70 percent of India’s total apple production, with a significant share attributed to the Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory. This study aims to explore whether apple growers are willing to pay for RWBCIS and to identify the drivers influencing their decision to purchase such insurance products. Data were collected from 900 apple growers in the purposively selected districts of Baramulla and Budgam in Jammu and Kashmir. The findings indicate that while all farmers were willing to adopt the weather-based crop insurance scheme, the majority were unwilling to pay the current premium. The estimated mean willingness to pay (WTP) was Rs. 37.22 per tree without covariates and Rs. 17 with covariates, compared to the prevailing Rs. 53 in the neighboring state of Himachal Pradesh. Factors contributing to the low WTP included a lack of knowledge about the scheme’s modalities, basis risk, and distrust in both government and private insurance companies. The government should consider innovative methods to provide existing subsidies to achieve the targeted coverage of 25 percent of farmers under the scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000536/pdfft?md5=77a0e93bb377dc5fa67a2d86fa79a89d&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000536-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansive learning of climate scientists towards transdisciplinarity","authors":"Alice McClure ,&nbsp;Gina Ziervogel ,&nbsp;Zarina Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Expansive learning theory was deployed in this study to explore how climate scientists can learn from working in a transdisciplinary mode, particularly to co-produce knowledge and navigate complex climate risks with other actors. A qualitative case study methodology was used to investigate expansive learning for climate scientists involved in the Future Resilience of African CiTies and Lands (FRACTAL) project. Findings from the study show how several major tensions of the cultural and historical work environment of scientists limit their potential to effectively produce scientific climate change information to inform decision making in complex African cities. Novel learning aspects were introduced during transdisciplinarity, which helped the scientists grapple with these tensions. They spent much time in cities with different groups of actors learning about the complex and dynamic drivers of risks in African cities and how these might change into the future. They also learned about the diverse subjectivities, priorities and values that influence African urban decision making. The group of scientists took learning actions to change their approach for co-producing knowledge with other actors in contexts of such complexity. These learning actions demonstrate transformative agency of climate scientists to expand their activities to collaboratively navigate complex African urban climate change risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000597/pdfft?md5=b0df06201fcfd109f1135cc6dc08b125&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000597-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Unpacking the theory-practice gap in climate adaptation” [Clim. Risk Manage. 42 (2023) 100567]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000378/pdfft?md5=b39dae95073391e33026c7f72c00b510&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000378-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unseen suffering: Social injustice among women during climate-induced migration in Pakistan","authors":"Wahid Ullah ,&nbsp;Haijun Dong ,&nbsp;Ashfaq Ahmad Shah ,&nbsp;Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Khursid ,&nbsp;Takaaki Nihei","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women are highly exposed to climate-induced natural disasters in Pakistan due to socio-cultural barriers resulting in heightened social injustice among them. This paper investigates the drivers of social injustice during forced migration among women living in vulnerable areas of Pakistan. The study utilized data from fifteen key informants’ interviews by employing a systematic narrative analysis to investigate women’s responses towards migration and gender dimensions of adverse climatic events. The results show that economic, socio-cultural, and health related factors were among the key contributors exposing women to social injustice during migration while in search for better life. The findings further unveiled that decisions regarding migration were mainly taken by the household heads especially who in most cases were the male family members. In all circumstances, securing lives, livelihoods, and properties, access to better education, healthcare facilities, and to overall improve socioeconomic situation of the household, were the primary goals of deciding to move to newfound. Given that some members of the household pursue migration as a result of adverse climatic events, government strategies are required to mitigate risks at destinations and create opportunities for the displaced populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}