Ethical Perspectives最新文献_第6页

Historical Emissions and free riding. 历史排放和免费乘车。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.1.504779

Axel P. Gosseries

引用次数: 129

From just war to ethics of conflict resolution: A critique of just-war thinking in the light of the war in Iraq 从正义战争到冲突解决的伦理:以伊拉克战争为例对正义战争思想的批判

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504940

J. Verstraeten

引用次数: 5

The preventive and pre-emptive use of force: To be legitimized or to be de-legitimized? 预防性和先发制人使用武力:合法化还是非合法化?

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504943

Tom Sauer

引用次数: 0

Discounting the future: John Rawls and Derek Parfit's critique of the discount rate 贴现未来:约翰·罗尔斯和德里克·帕菲特对贴现率的批评

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.1.504781

L. Liedekerke

{"title":"Discounting the future: John Rawls and Derek Parfit's critique of the discount rate","authors":"L. Liedekerke","doi":"10.2143/EP.11.1.504781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.11.1.504781","url":null,"abstract":"This article concentrates on the critique by John Rawls and Derek Parfit of the use of a discount rate in economics. In a presentation of the basic economics underlying the use of a discount rate, the inherently problematic nature of people’s preferences with respect to time are highlighted. The second part discusses the role of the discount rate in economic optimal growth models. An outline of the economic theory of optimal growth is provided, pointing out how Rawls’s analysis of justice between generations fits nicely into this economic discussion, thus explaining his interest in the discount rate. For Rawls the basic problem with the discount rate is that one variable is caught between two objectives: guaranteeing an efficient and at the same time a fair solution. Finally Derek Parfit’s analysis of the use of discount rates is examined. Parfit points out that a discount rate is often used as a crude rule of thumb which wrongly represents our reasons for discounting. The article concludes with a discussion of a study undertaken by a number of respected economists for the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) which exhibits all the mistakes that Parfit warns us against.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"11 1","pages":"72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.11.1.504781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67957276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 166

The impact of the fight against terrorism on the ius ad bellum 打击恐怖主义对国际战争的影响

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504944

Frederik Naert'

{"title":"The impact of the fight against terrorism on the ius ad bellum","authors":"Frederik Naert'","doi":"10.2143/EP.11.2.504944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.11.2.504944","url":null,"abstract":"Following an introduction to international law regarding the use of force, the author examines the impact of post-9/11 practice, focusing on the right of self-defence. After critically reviewing operation Enduring Freedom, the U.S. National Security Strategy, the ‘Yemen strike’ and the war in Iraq, including the justifications offered for these actions and the international responses to them, as well as developments in NATO and the EU, he concludes that there is a tendency towards a broader interpretation of the right of self-defence, in that this right may be extended to attacks by non-state actors and such attacks may be more easily attributed to states that support such actors. However, the author submits that this interpretation has not yet been sufficiently affirmed to have changed the law, that the rules of the UN Charter still accurately reflect the law and that there is insufficient support for a right of anticipatory or pre-emptive self-defence. Finally, he recommends strengthening the effectiveness of the Security Council and regional organizations such as the EU and NATO to avoid the risk of a true deregulation of the use of force.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"11 1","pages":"144-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.11.2.504944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67958685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Frugal Tastes and Frugal Conduct 节俭的品味和节俭的行为

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.10.2.503879

P. Parijs

引用次数: 3

Spirituality as a Public Affair 作为公共事务的灵性

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.10.2.503875

L. Bouckaert

引用次数: 2

An 'Ideal' normative theory for greenhouse negotiations? 温室气体谈判的“理想”规范理论?

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.1.504777

J. Eyckmans, E. Schokkaert

{"title":"An 'Ideal' normative theory for greenhouse negotiations?","authors":"J. Eyckmans, E. Schokkaert","doi":"10.2143/EP.11.1.504777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.11.1.504777","url":null,"abstract":"By the end of the 1980s public opinion became aware of the possible threat of global climate change caused by the so-called greenhouse effect. Researchers of different scientific disciplines started warning that the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases like for instance carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) might cause irreversible changes to the global climate system in the future. If nothing is undertaken to curb greenhouse gas emissions today, global climate change might place a considerable burden upon future generations, especially in developing countries. In the first section we review some of the scientific evidence for past and projected future climate change. The emphasis will be on the extreme long-term perspective of the greenhouse problem. As such, the greenhouse problem definitely classifies as a “time bomb” which is passed on from the current generation to many generations to come. We also address the issue of the distribution of the cost of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies and review the current status of the international climate policy negotiations, in particular the ratification status of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Section two concentrates on a normative framework for the greenhouse problem and analyzes this from an ‘ideal’ (cf. Rawls) point of view. We shall defend in this section our preferential option for the poor and develop a welfare-theoretic framework that starts from the preference option for the poor and is close in spirit to the Rawlsian difference principle. Within this framework, arguments of historic responsibility and past emissions cannot be used as basis for the distribution of climate change mitigation or adaptation efforts.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"11 1","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.11.1.504777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67957459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The person-affecting restriction, comparativism, and the moral status of potential people. 影响人的限制、比较主义与潜在人的道德地位。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/ep.10.3.503884

Gustaf Arrhenius

{"title":"The person-affecting restriction, comparativism, and the moral status of potential people.","authors":"Gustaf Arrhenius","doi":"10.2143/ep.10.3.503884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ep.10.3.503884","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional ethical theories have paradoxical implications in regards to questions concerning procreation and our moral duties to future people. It has been suggested that the crux of the problem resides in an all too 'impersonal' axiology and that the problems of population axiology can be solved by adopting a 'Person Affecting Restriction' which in its slogan form states that an outcome can only be better than another if it is better for people. This move has been especially popular in the context of medical ethics where many of the problems of population axiology are actualized. Examples are embryo or egg selection, pre-implantation genetic testing, assisted reproduction programmes, abortion, just to mention a few. I discuss a number of different interpretations of the Restriction and in particular one interpretation which I call Comparativism. According to this view, we should draw a distinction between uniquely and non-uniquely realizable people. The former people only exist in one out of two possible outcomes, whereas the latter exist in both of the compared outcomes. The idea is that we should give more weight to the well-being of non-uniquely realizable people or take it into account in a different way as compared to the well-being of uniquely realizable people. I argue that the different versions of the Person Affecting Restriction and Comparativism either have counterintuitive implications of their own or are compatible with traditional theories such as Utilitarianism.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"10 3-4","pages":"185-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ep.10.3.503884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25632147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Therapeutic versus genuine cloning: what are the real moral issues? 治疗性克隆与真正的克隆:真正的道德问题是什么?

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/ep.10.3.503882

Wolfgang Lenzen

{"title":"Therapeutic versus genuine cloning: what are the real moral issues?","authors":"Wolfgang Lenzen","doi":"10.2143/ep.10.3.503882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ep.10.3.503882","url":null,"abstract":"In order to answer the question raised in the title of my paper, I first put forward a general ethical theory, which is based on the traditional maxim neminem laedere. Second, I show how this principle in conjunction with certain assumptions concerning the value of life entails certain fundamental bioethical principles. Thus killing a living being Y is morally wrong whenever the intrinsic value of the life that Y would otherwise live is positive. But procreating a living being Y is prima facie (i.e., with regard to the interests of Y) morally neutral, i.e. neither bad nor good. Third I will argue that the question of moral rights should always be reduced to the question of the morality of certain corresponding actions. In particular, granting Y a right to life should be taken to mean that it would be morally wrong if someone else were to put an end to Y's life. In a similar vein, I suggest answers to some other questions of the reproductive rights issue. Fourth, with respect to the controversial issue of genuine cloning, I do not see any compelling moral reasons against this utopian way of procreating full-grown individuals. Nevertheless, I think there are a lot of other good (pragmatic, rational) reasons not to try to produce a human Dolly. Finally, as regards the use or abuse of human embryos as potential suppliers of stem-cells for the cure of other people's diseases, it seems morally safe to perform experiments at least with those embryos which, like spare embryos that remained from measures of in vitro fertilization, would not have a life anyway. It's more difficult to decide, however, whether it would be morally safe to produce embryos (for instance through cloning) only for the sake of using them in the aforementioned way.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"10 3-4","pages":"176-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ep.10.3.503882","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25641372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0