Ethical Perspectives最新文献_第5页

Radical multiculturalism versus Liberal Pluralism 激进多元文化主义与自由多元主义

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.4.519089

M. Dusche

{"title":"Radical multiculturalism versus Liberal Pluralism","authors":"M. Dusche","doi":"10.2143/EP.11.4.519089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.11.4.519089","url":null,"abstract":"Radical multiculturalism claims that cultural groups, not the individual, should be the yardstick for considerations of justice, because the group offers the individual the indispensable good of being rooted in a community and since membership in a culture is not voluntary, abolition of culture would lead to uprooting of individuals. Thus, by taking this good away on grounds of justice, liberalism perpetrates another injustice. Against this, liberalism upholds the principle of normative methodological individualism, arguing that groups cannot be defined without recourse to the individual. Furthermore, the concept of cultural group is notoriously vague and not suitable to replace normative methodological individualism. Moreover, radical multiculturalism risks falling prey to self-defeating normative relativism. Since there is also a danger for the liberal to fall prey to culture-centrism, both parties agree on internal universalism. They also agree on the difference between membership in an association and membership in a cultural community. However, the liberal concludes that the state must not add its might to cultural dependence, but enable the individual to grow out of it. Furthermore, liberalism maintains that normative methodological individualism is sufficient for even group-related needs provided the group conforms to basic principles of justice. To this, radical multiculturalism objects that even if all cultural groups abide by the principles of justice of the larger society, liberalism still produces injustices for those whose language is not among the official languages of the polity. Since any democratic polity needs a medium of debate and deliberation that is universally understood, liberalism has to grant this point. Liberalism can only diminish its impact through intermediate levels of government and subsidiarity.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"11 1","pages":"238-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.11.4.519089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67959783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Re-sourcing the Self? 重新定位自我?

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.4.519087

I. Berlin, Charles Taylor, T. Nys

{"title":"Re-sourcing the Self?","authors":"I. Berlin, Charles Taylor, T. Nys","doi":"10.2143/EP.11.4.519087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.11.4.519087","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to compare the theories of Isaiah Berlin and Charles Taylor with regard to the topic of freedom. I will argue that Berlin’s famous positive-negative distinction still serves an important purpose by maintaining a crucial tension within the concept of liberty. This tension allows ethical pluralism to be taken seriously instead of being covered up by ideological rhetoric. Berlin held that the implementation of positive liberty – defining the boundaries of true liberty – is always problematic. Taylor, however, tries to bypass the gap between negative and positive liberty by means of his concept of authenticity. I will argue that this notion is a sound descriptive term for an individual’s entrenchment in community, but that the normative appeal from authenticity amounts to a project of ‘re-sourcing the self’ which is ultimately rooted in an optimistic perspective on pluralism and multiculturalism. However, to the extent that there are indeed different communities with different values and different ways of being authentic, it is worthwhile to repeat the Berlinian Grundgedanke that human beings should cope with the inexorable and irreducible tragedy in moral life.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"11 1","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.11.4.519087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67958593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Regrounding the just war's 'presumption against violence' in light of George Weigel 从乔治·魏格尔的角度重新审视正义战争的“反对暴力的假设”

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504941

J. Hymers

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引用次数: 2

Combatant, noncombatant, criminal: The importance of distinctions 战斗人员，非战斗人员，罪犯:区别的重要性

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504946

Michael W. Brough

引用次数: 1

Can War Be a Moral Action 战争是一种道德行为吗

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504945

R. Schmücker

引用次数: 0

Mediums and messages: an argument against biotechnical enhancement of soldiers in the armies of liberal democracies. 媒介与信息:反对自由民主国家军队中士兵的生物技术增强。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/ep.11.2.504947

Jeffrey S Wilson

{"title":"Mediums and messages: an argument against biotechnical enhancement of soldiers in the armies of liberal democracies.","authors":"Jeffrey S Wilson","doi":"10.2143/ep.11.2.504947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ep.11.2.504947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assuming that one believes that individuals and states can morally defend values, beliefs, and institutions with force (in short, that just wars are morally possible), one logically wants just combatants to possess the physical, mental, and spiritual capacities that will enable them to win the war. On the other hand, being a just combatant in a just war does not morally entitle that combatant to do anything to win that war. The moral requirement for just combatants to fight justly is codified in international law of war and in state-specific legal documents such as the United States Uniform Code of Military Justice. While it is almost unequivocally clear to soldiers and civilians who soldiers cannot harm in the performance of their duties, and why these people are exempt from harm, it is less clear what the state itself (assuming throughout the discussion that the state is a just combatant in a just war) can morally do to its own soldiers to enhance their chances of victory: can the state do anything to soldiers to give them an advantage on the field of battle? For United States soldiers and their counterparts in most Western liberal democracies, the answer is obviously no. Deeply embedded social and cultural norms in Western democracies mandate that the state set and enforce rigid lines which drill sergeants and earnest commanders cannot cross, even in the name of combat readiness, grounding these norms in notion of basic rights appealed to in the U.S. Constitution. In this essay, I argue against some types of drug-induced internal biotechnical enhancement of soldiers on the grounds that, in the present state of technology, it is not reasonable to suppose that the military can perform such enhancement operations on soldiers without causing irrevocable psychological damage that would certainly and unjustifiably alienate the soldiers from the very society they serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"11 2-3","pages":"189-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ep.11.2.504947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25252587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Terrorist Threat: A Postmodern Kind of Threat 恐怖主义威胁:一种后现代的威胁

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.2.504942

H. D. Dijn

引用次数: 0

Compensating wrongless historical emissions of greenhouse gases 补偿历史上错误的温室气体排放

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Ethical Perspectives Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/EP.11.1.504778

Lukas H. Meyer

引用次数: 25

A defence of common sense: a reply to David Heyd's "The ethics of sex selection for non-medical reasons". 对常识的辩护:对David Heyd的《非医学原因的性别选择伦理》的回复。