{"title":"Multi-Flap Free Internal Limiting Membrane Grafting with Sub-Perfluorocarbon Liquid Stabilization: A Hybrid Technique for Refractory Macular Holes.","authors":"Anirudh Gadicherla, Amirmohammad Shafiee, Rene Choi","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a hybrid surgical sequence using multi-flap free internal limiting membrane (ILM) grafting with sub-perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) stabilization for repair of a persistent large macular hole (MH) after prior ILM peeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 70-year-old pseudophakic woman presented with a persistent large full-thickness MH in the right eye two months after pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peel and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tamponade (BCVA 20/200). Revision surgery was performed with ILM staining using indocyanine green, followed by the creation of three small, hinged ILM flaps from the edge of the prior peel border in balanced salt solution. PFO was then injected over the entire posterior pole. Under the PFO bubble, the hinged flaps were converted to multiple free ILM graft fragments, transferred sub-PFO, and layered within the MH crater to augment scaffold volume. Fluid-air exchange was completed followed by 15% perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade with intraoperative confirmation of graft retention. Postoperative positioning included upright positioning during the day and side sleeping at night.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraoperative visualization demonstrated stable retention of the ILM graft fragments within the MH after fluid-air exchange. At postoperative month 5, optical coherence tomography confirmed complete MH closure, and BCVA improved from 20/200 to 20/50 in the operative eye.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multi-flap free ILM grafting performed with sub-PFO transfer and stabilization offers enhanced fluidics control and mechanical graft retention during fluid-air exchange, providing a practical technique for refractory MH repair when juxtafoveal ILM is exhausted after prior peeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmine H Francis, Julia Canestraro, David H Abramson
{"title":"INTRAVITREOUS METHOTREXATE AND RITUXIMAB FOR BILATERAL DIFFUSE UVEAL MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATION.","authors":"Jasmine H Francis, Julia Canestraro, David H Abramson","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001943","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the utility of intravitreous methotrexate and rituximab in the treatment of Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The observational cohort study of five eyes of three patients with BDUMP receiving combination injections of intravitreous methotrexate 400 mcg/0.05 mL and rituximab 1 g/0.1 mL as part of multimodal treatment of BDUMP. Change in central foveal thickness and subfoveal fluid was obtained by optical coherence tomography, and change in logMAR/Snellen vision was compared before and after each injection and over the follow-up duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five eyes of three male patients with BDUMP received 39 combination injections of intravitreous methotrexate and rituximab. The median follow-up period was 48.2 months; all eyes exhibited a decrease in central foveal thickness and subfoveal fluid and an improvement in vision at some point from baseline. The median/mean vision increase was 5/3.4 Snellen lines, decrease in central foveal thickness was 243/235 μ m, and decrease in subfoveal fluid was 240/273 μ m. Over the follow-up period, one eye had a gradual decline in vision from 20/40 to 20/150 over 48 months Four of the 5 eyes had marked improvement and sustained vision: from vision ranging 20/50 to 20/150 at baseline to all 4 improving to 20/25 or 20/20.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravitreous methotrexate and rituximab may be a useful, well-tolerated adjunctive treatment for BDUMP. Improvements in central foveal thickness and subfoveal fluid were noted following injections and over the follow-up period. Unlike the often, rapid decline in vision that is expected of this paraneoplastic disease, the eyes in this cohort appeared to have more favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":"607-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EPIRETINAL HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE GRAFT SURGERY FOR MACULAR HOLE WITH MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2.","authors":"Mark P Breazzano, Ahmet M Hondur, Tongalp H Tezel","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001930","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with complications including macular hole. Conventional repair of an associated hole does not reliably improve vision despite an increasing number of described and advanced surgical techniques. The study objective was to determine whether epiretinal human amniotic membrane grafting can restore anatomy and vision in eyes complicated by macular hole with MacTel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this international, multicenter, interventional case series, three patients with macular hole and MacTel consented to surgical repair with pars plana vitrectomy and epiretinal human amniotic membrane grafting. One had at least two prior vitrectomies with initially successful full-thickness macular hole closure that reopened, years in between surgeries, before graft surgery. One had a persistent full-thickness macular hole refractory to vitrectomy with membrane peeling, before electing graft surgery. The remaining patient was treatment naïve. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and parafoveal anatomy by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were assessed at minimum 6 postoperative months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three patients successfully completed epiretinal human amniotic membrane graft surgery with anatomic hole closure and partial reconstitution of parafoveal anatomy evident by SD-OCT. BCVA improved in all cases from baseline (range: 20/400-20/150) to last postoperative visit (range: 20/125-20/70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MacTel remains a challenging neurodegenerative condition with limited surgical options for complications including macular hole. Epiretinal human amniotic membrane grafting could be a viable surgical approach for obtaining macular hole closure, improving vision, and restoring substantial parafoveal anatomy in the appropriate clinical context and warrants additional consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":"626-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED EXUDATIVE RETINAL DETACHMENTS WITH A DEXAMETHASONE INTRAVITREAL IMPLANT BEFORE PROTON BEAM RADIATION.","authors":"Anne M Lane, Evangelos S Gragoudas, Ivana K Kim","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001871","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of a dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) administered before proton radiation in patients with tumor-associated exudative retinal detachments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an investigator-initiated pilot study. Patients diagnosed with choroidal melanomas ≤10 mm thick, detachments spanning >2 clock hours, and visual acuity of 20/100 or better were randomized 1:1 to receive the dexamethasone implant or no treatment before proton radiation. Patients, masked to treatment completed during tumor localization surgery, were evaluated at 6, 14, 28, and 54 weeks after surgery. Efficacy end points included retinal detachment resolution, visual acuity preservation, and incidence of neovascular complications. Adverse events associated with the implant were monitored to ensure safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were similar between the dexamethasone (n = 5) and no treatment (n = 5) groups; median retinal detachment size was 4 clock hours at presentation in both groups. Four patients (80%) in each group had baseline visual acuity of 20/40 or better. At 12 months, the proportion of patients with resolution of retinal detachment was 40% in the dexamethasone group and 80% in the no treatment group; 60% in the dexamethasone group and 20% in the untreated group had visual acuity of 20/200 or worse. Known adverse effects of dexamethasone, cataract progression and elevated intraocular pressure, occurred in two patients and one patient, respectively, who received dexamethasone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improved clinical outcomes were not observed in patients receiving the dexamethasone implant before proton radiation. No new safety concerns were identified with the use of dexamethasone in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":"616-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146068521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ninan Jacob, Jay Chhablani, Umesh C Behera, Raja Narayanan, Niroj K Sahoo
{"title":"LARGE AND MEDIUM CHOROIDAL VESSEL REMODELING IN PROGRESSIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AND POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY.","authors":"Ninan Jacob, Jay Chhablani, Umesh C Behera, Raja Narayanan, Niroj K Sahoo","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001925","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the long-term follow-up of large- and medium-sized choroidal vessels in eyes with age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective, observational analysis of eyes with age-related macular degeneration or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up of indocyanine green angiography. Qualitative analysis of the choroidal vessels was performed at baseline until the final visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The authors analyzed 10 eyes of 5 patients diagnosed with either age-related macular degeneration or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with a follow-up duration ranging from 7 to 16 years. Eyes with active disease received various treatment modalities. On serial follow-up of indocyanine green angiography images, remodeling of medium and large choroidal vessels was seen. The changes included large choroidal vessel attenuation, prominence/dilatation of pre-existing choroidal vessels connecting the neovascular complex, and formation of new anastomotic channels. These changes appeared adjacent to present or future neovascular complex locations. One uninvolved fellow eye showed minimal changes on follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The long-term changes in large- and medium-sized choroidal vessels in eyes with age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with serial indocyanine green angiography images are reported. These vascular alterations suggest the possible role played by these vessels in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascular complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":"701-710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva M Friedl, Simona Simmen, Stefan Langenegger, Jeanne M Gunzinger, Barbara Hasse, Sandrine Zweifel, Daniel Barthelmes, Mayss Al-Sheikh
{"title":"Macular serpiginous chorioretinitis associated with Francisella tularensis: A case report.","authors":"Eva M Friedl, Simona Simmen, Stefan Langenegger, Jeanne M Gunzinger, Barbara Hasse, Sandrine Zweifel, Daniel Barthelmes, Mayss Al-Sheikh","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a rare case of bilateral macular serpiginous chorioretinitis associated with Francisella tularensis infection following rabbit exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational case report with multimodal retinal imaging and extensive systemic and serologic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient presented with rapidly progressive bilateral central visual loss and placoid macular lesions. Serologic testing confirmed Francisella tularensis infection. Treatment with doxycycline led to regression of inflammatory changes, with residual outer retinal atrophy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights tularemia as a rare infectious trigger of macular serpiginous chorioretinitis and underscores the importance of considering zoonotic infections in atypical or rapidly progressive chorioretinal inflammatory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrizio Bernardinelli, Martina Leonetti, Stanislao Rizzo
{"title":"A novel transscleral polypropylene loop rescue technique for preservation of a Carlevale intraocular lens after anchor plug rupture.","authors":"Patrizio Bernardinelli, Martina Leonetti, Stanislao Rizzo","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001972","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a novel rescue technique for management of intraoperative rupture of a Carlevale FIL SSF IOL anchor-shaped plug using transscleral 10-0 polypropylene loop fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 72-year-old woman underwent pars plana vitrectomy and secondary implantation of a Carlevale FIL SSF intraocular lens following complicated cataract surgery associated with posterior capsular rupture and retained lens fragments. During externalization of the second anchor plug, intraoperative rupture of the nasal anchor-shaped haptic plug occurred, resulting in posterior displacement of the unsupported haptic segment into the vitreous cavity. To avoid intraocular lens explantation and additional corneal trauma in an already compromised eye, a rescue transscleral fixation technique using a double-armed 10-0 polypropylene loop surrounding the residual haptic segment was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraocular lens remained well centered and stable throughout the 12-month follow-up period without clinically appreciable tilt or decentration. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/50 preoperatively to 20/30 at 3 months and remained stable thereafter. No cystoid macular edema, retinal complications, conjunctival erosion, suture exposure, or intraocular lens redislocation were observed. Intraocular pressure remained stable during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transscleral 10-0 polypropylene loop fixation may represent a simple and effective rescue option in selected cases of Carlevale FIL SSF intraocular lens anchor plug rupture, allowing preservation of the original intraocular lens while avoiding explantation and additional corneal manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Casarini, Domenica Miceli, Giuseppe Querques
{"title":"PreserFlo® Microshunt post Pars Plana Vitrectomy: a case report.","authors":"Barbara Casarini, Domenica Miceli, Giuseppe Querques","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001976","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Refractory secondary glaucoma following pars plana vitrectomy with heavy silicone oil (Densiron) tamponade represents a significant surgical challenge due to gravity-dependent oil accumulation in the inferior angle. The PreserFlo® MicroShunt is a minimally invasive subconjunctival drainage device composed of highly biocompatible poly-styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene (SIBS), featuring a 70 µm lumen designed to regulate aqueous humor outflow with reduced surgical trauma compared to traditional drainage valves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the case of an 80-year-old male with refractory ocular hypertension peaking at 36 mmHg in the left eye following vitrectomy for retinal detachment managed with Densiron, where gonioscopy confirmed significant oil microemulsions predominantly saturating the inferior angle. Surgical intervention was performed via an ab externo approach with superonasal implantation of the MicroShunt and intraoperative application of mitomycin C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the six-month follow-up, the intraocular pressure stabilized at 18 mmHg with a functional filtering bleb and stable visual field parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the strategic importance of superior quadrant placement in eyes with heavy oil tamponade, which establishes a drainage pathway physically distant from the primary site of oil accumulation to prevent potential obstruction of the 70 µm device lumen. Our findings support the PreserFlo® MicroShunt as a viable, less invasive alternative for achieving stable intraocular pressure control in complex vitrectomized eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inherited Retinal Dystrophy in an 11-month-old Infant with Yunis-Varon Syndrome and Homozygous FIG4 Mutation.","authors":"Ankita Mitra, Akash Belenje","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) may present as isolated entities or as multisystem syndromes. Yunis-Varon syndrome (YVS), seen with homozygous FIG4 mutations, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Herein, we report a case of YVS associated with early-onset rod-cone dystrophy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ultrawide-field fundus photography was documented, along with a comprehensive genetic evaluation and a brain neurosonogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An 11-month-old child born out of a consanguineous marriage presented with absent eye contact, global developmental delay and several dysmorphic features suggestive of cleidocranial dysplasia. Fundus examination showed pigmentary retinopathy, pale disc and macular atrophic changes along with attenuated arterioles. Whole genome sequencing revealed a homozygous FIG4 variant of uncertain significance and a heterozygous likely pathogenic PANK2 variant. Basal ganglia abnormalities were seen in the neurosonogram. A diagnosis of YVS with atypical early onset rod-cone dystrophy was made.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case presents a rare ocular finding of YVS and broadens its phenotype. This helps to highlight the importance of comprehensive ocular examination in suspected syndromic patients, which would aid in diagnosis, genetic correlation and prognostication.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refractory Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex (PEVAC)- Early Positive Response to Faricimab Therapy.","authors":"Eduardo Cunha Souza","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a case of refractory unilateral PEVAC macular edema initially treated with intravitreal faricimab injections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical and imaging records were evaluated. Tracked optical coherence tomography (OCT) B scans were reviewed to assess intra-retinal fluid and exudation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 79-year-old man with unilateral chronic macular edema secondary to PEVAC lesion underwent three monthly intravitreal faricimab injections with completely resolution of the fluid and visual recovery. A presumed thrombotic mechanism of the exudative vascular complex might have occurred in this case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After conducting a literature review on June, 2025, utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar, using the key words PEVAC, LRCA and faricimab therapy, there wasn't any prior reports of PEVAC case treated by a bi-specific antibody directed against Ang2 and VEGF (faricimab). Though, limitted by a short follow-up time (9 months), this unique clinical experience should be shared to inform that faricimab may lead to early remarkable anatomical and functional improvement in eyes with no responsive PEVAC lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}