Retinal Cases and Brief Reports最新文献

{"title":"Spontaneous regression of retinal racemose hemangioma in a pediatric patient.","authors":"Shivesh Varma, Philip J Ferrone","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report spontaneous regression of a type 2 retinal racemose hemangioma in a pediatric patient over 6 months of follow-up without treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 12 year old girl was diagnosed with unilateral type 2 retinal racemose hemangioma in the right posterior pole, confirmed on fluorescein angiography. After 6 months of observation without treatment, repeat examination and fluorescein angiography demonstrated regression of the arteriovenous malformation, without evidence of vascular occlusion or macular edema.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retinal racemose hemangioma can spontaneously regress without treatment. These lesions were traditionally considered to be stationary, but progression or vision loss from vascular complications can occur. Regression in adults has been rarely reported, and the mechanism of involution is not fully understood. It may be attributed to partial occlusion of the vascular malformation on the arterial side and at the transitional zone, with reduction in flow across the shunt leading to normalisation of the vasculature, as appears to be the case in the patient we describe.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular exudation associated with a racemose hemangioma, vasoproliferative tumor and Coats-like vasculopathy.","authors":"Gerardo Ledesma-Gil, Martin A Mainster, Carol L Shields, Richard F Spaide","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical course and multimodal chorioretinal imaging of an eye that had a concurrent racemose hemangioma, retinal vasoproliferative tumor, and Coats-like vasculopathy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and multimodal imaging studies were performed initially, during sessions of laser photocoagulation and aflibercept therapy for the patient's macular exudation and vasoproliferative tumor, and at subsequent follow-up clinical visits for a period of two years following therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 14-year-old male presented with 20/400 visual acuity in his right eye. Examination revealed macular exudation associated with a group 3 racemose hemangioma, a vasoproliferative tumor nasal to the optic disc, and a sclerosed retinal vein with collateral vessels in the temporal periphery from a prior branch retinal vein occlusion. Additional findings in the right eye included peripheral retinal telangiectasis, aneurysms, and extensive capillary non-perfusion consistent with a Coats-like vasculopathy. The left eye was normal. Systemic testing revealed no abnormalities. Macular exudation resolved and the vasoproliferative tumor regressed after laser photocoagulation and three monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections. The best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/40 two years after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The unusual combination of uncommon retinal vascular abnormalities in the patient's right eye showed marked improvement following laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy. Racemose hemangioma exudation and abnormal retinal hemodynamics may have contributed to development of the vasoproliferative tumor and Coats-like vasculopathy. This case demonstrates that targeted treatment of exudation and vasoproliferation can provide significant visual improvement despite a patient's complex combination of retinal vascular abnormalities. (250/250).</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerochoroidal Calcification Presenting with Unilateral Full-Thickness Macular Hole: Presentation and Successful Surgical Closure.","authors":"Alyssa C Huelsbeck, Colin P Froines, Kathleen R Schildroth","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Describe a case of macular hole (MH) presenting in a patient with sclerochoroidal calcification (SCC). Only one previous case of a MH in the setting of SCC has previously been reported; however, that case was observed without surgery. We present a case of a MH in SCC in which successful surgical closure and visual acuity improvement was achieved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 70-year-old male presented for retinal evaluation of metamorphopsia with a visual acuity of 20/25 in the right eye and 20/300 in the left eye. Fundoscopic examination showed bilateral SCC. Ultrasonographic B-scan examination of the left eye was consistent with SCC. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a full thickness MH in the left eye, and surgical repair with pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel, and gas was performed. Postoperatively, the visual acuity in the left eye was 20/50; the exam and OCT showed anatomic success with closure of the MH and stable SCC lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SCC may be associated with full thickness MH, possibly secondary to tangential traction from the elevated lesion. Despite the SCC lesion, successful MH closure may be achieved with typical maneuvers of vitrectomy, ILM peel, and gas.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of refractory idiopathic retinitis, vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) responsive to infliximab and mycophenolate mofetil.","authors":"Joy Li, Kimberley Yu, Narsing A Rao, Brian C Toy","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome is a severe vision-threatening retinal vascular inflammatory disease. As a very rare condition, more reports of cases are needed to better guide diagnosis and management. We report a case of IRVAN initially refractory to adalimumab, rituximab, oral corticosteroids, subtenon triamcinolone injection, and intravitreal bevacizumab therapy that was successfully treated with infliximab and mycophenolate mofetil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 24-year-old previously healthy male presented with acute bilateral sequential visual field defects, preceded by one month of photopsias. Examination and imaging revealed bilateral extensive retinal peripheral nonperfusion, vessel pruning, and vessel and disc leakage, consistent with occlusive retinal vasculitis. The additional finding of arterial macroaneurysms was suggestive of IRVAN syndrome. The patient had progressive vessel pruning despite treatment with adalimumab, rituximab, oral corticosteroids, subtenon triamcinolone injection, and intravitreal bevacizumab. Stabilization of his disease with areas of vessel recanalization was achieved with a regimen of infliximab and mycophenolate mofetil, which allowed tapering of oral steroids. Additionally, targeted retinal photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab were required to treat secondary pathologic neovascularization complicated by vitreous hemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome is a rare inflammatory condition causing retinal vascular dilatation, exudation, capillary nonperfusion, and sight-threatening neovascularization. We demonstrate a case where infliximab, combined with mycophenolate mofetil and with panretinal photocoagulation to achieve control of neovascular sequelae, was more effective than adalimumab and rituximab at halting progression of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic posterior retinal break from intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in a vitrectomized eye.","authors":"Wesley A Han, Sean D Adrean","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a case of a perforating fluid stream of aflibercept resulting in an iatrogenic retinal break with possible subretinal infiltration using a pre-filled syringe (PFS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>History, examination, fundus photography, and SD-OCTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 60-year-old female with diabetic macular edema (DME) OU was treated with intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) injections with a PFS. She developed a macular hole (MH), which was repaired with vitrectomy surgery. She required ongoing IVA injections after her MH surgery. Two days following an injection, the patient returned complaining of flashes, floaters, and a red linear streak in her vision. Visual acuity (VA) declined from 20/150 OS to 20/250. Examination showed an iatrogenic posterior retinal break with hemorrhage and edema. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and OCT imaging were obtained. After two weeks of observation, the defect had closed. After five weeks, VA returned to 20/150 OS. She resumed IVA injections using PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case presents a potential complication in vitrectomized patients receiving intravitreal injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal Ischemia in patients with Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: a case series.","authors":"Melvin Gerardy, Alain Gaudric, Pierre Duraffour, Vanessa Sentis, Francine Behar-Cohen, Nathalie Costedoat Chalumeau, Véronique Le Guern, Nathalie Morel, Vincent Soler, Elodie Bousquet","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report three cases of acute choroidal ischemia in patients diagnosed with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical and imaging records of patients with CAPS were retrospectively reviewed. Patients underwent retinal imaging, including fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This report summarizes three cases of pregnant women (six eyes) with CAPS and posterior ocular involvement. SD-OCT revealed multiple subretinal detachments. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography showed triangular non-perfused areas consistent with Amalric triangular choroidal infarction and multiple spots of subretinal leakage. Patients were hospitalized in intensive care unit for treatment with corticosteroids, anticoagulants and plasma exchanges/intravenous immunoglobulins. Full recovery was observed in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of acute choroidal ischemia in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome should alert ophthalmologists to the possibility of CAPS, which is a life-threatening disease. Patients should immediately be referred to a specialist.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal melanoma arising from optic disc melanocytoma with associated pathology and genetic findings case report.","authors":"Annika J Patel, Arash Delavar, Patricia Chévez-Barrios, Amy C Schefler","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Choroidal melanoma arising from an optic disc melanocytoma is rare but has been previously described at an incidence of 1-2%. Evaluating these cases for pathology and genetics is relevant for determining metastatic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 73 year-old male with a history of optic disc melanocytoma of the left eye presented with blurred vision after being lost to follow up at an outside clinic for five years. The melanocytoma was found to have undergone transformation to a choroidal melanoma suggested by fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and B scan ultrasonography. The patient underwent enucleation as the tumor was circumpapillary and technically unable to undergo plaque brachytherapy. Pathologic evaluation after enucleation demonstrated peripapillary choroidal melanoma of mixed cellularity with areas of intrascleral extension. Genetic analysis revealed mutations in guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (GNAQ) and exon 1 of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, X-linked (EIF1AX) and a Class 1A molecular signature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case of a choroidal melanoma of low metastatic risk arising from an optic disc melanocytoma may suggest that these cases have a lower metastatic risk than melanomas not derived from melanocytomas though further studies including cases with genetic profiling and long-term systemic follow up to detect metastatic disease rates are necessary to establish such a pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging in Bilateral Isolated Choroidal Melanocytosis.","authors":"Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Giovanni Bellisario, Ye He, Ceren Soylu, Mai Alhelaly, Srinivas R Sadda","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a rare case of bilateral isolated choroidal melanocytosis and highlight the need for thorough imaging evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multimodal imaging, including ultra-widefield fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography, was utilized to assess the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 58-year-old hispanic female was referred for evaluation of unusual pigmentation in both eyes. She reported occasional floaters but had no other ocular symptoms. Dilated fundus examination and ultra-widefield color fundus imaging revealed extensive choroidal hyperpigmentation involving 360 degrees of the peripheral retina in both eyes. Fundus autofluorescence imaging demonstrated that the hyperpigmented regions were mildly hypofluorescent relative to the less pigmented central regions. Widefield OCT angiography demonstrated absence of any vascular abnormalities in the retina or inner choroid. Widefield structural OCT revealed normal retinal thickness and structure overlying the hyperpigmented areas. There was no choroidal elevation, but the choroidal stroma in the more peripheral regions of the fundus appeared more hyperreflective compared to the presumed normally pigmented central regions. While no choroidal elevation was noted, there was a mild increase in sub-foveal choroidal thickness. No evidence of scleral or periocular cutaneous pigmentation was observed. The overall findings, considering the patient's ethnicity and skin pigmentation, favored a diagnosis of bilateral idiopathic choroidal melanocytosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bilateral isolated choroidal melanocytosis, can be diagnosed accurately through comprehensive imaging. Vigilant monitoring is essential due to the potential risk of malignant transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic Squamous Cell Epiretinal Membrane Diagnosed with Surgical Biopsy.","authors":"Ali R Salman, Malek A Salhab, Abdul-Rahman R Salman, Lauren A Dalvin, Amanda Maltry, Yevgeniy V Sychev","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe an exceedingly rare presentation of vitreoretinal involvement of metastatic tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and illustrate the utility of therapeutic and diagnostic epiretinal membrane biopsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 57-year-old male presented with new vitreous opacities in the left eye. He had a history of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma status-post surgical excision and currently undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patient underwent vitreous biopsy which revealed scant cellularity with concern for squamous neoplasia. Soon after, the patient developed a rapidly progressive epiretinal membrane. Membrane peel surgery with en-bloc removal of the epiretinal membrane was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin stain of the sample revealed multiple squamous eddies and mitotic figures, and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 marker was strongly positive, confirming the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Intravitreal melphalan injections were started in the left eye. The patient achieved anatomic and visual improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraocular squamous cell metastasis is rare, and diagnosis can be challenging. Despite initial inconclusive vitreous biopsy cytology in this case, an epiretinal membrane en-bloc sample was obtained, which confirmed involvement by the squamous cell carcinoma and prompted appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year follow-up of Fluid Fluctuations in a Patient with Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy.","authors":"Jean-Baptiste Morel, Elodie Bousquet, Sofiane Khamkhoum, Aude Couturier, Alain Gaudric, Bénédicte Dupas","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this report was to describe a patient with optic disc pit maculopathy (ODM) associated with intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF and SRF) fluctuations, with a 10-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-resolution retinal imaging, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography acquired during the follow-up, was analyzed. The presence of IRF and SRF was assessed, as well as the peripapillary choroidal thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 10-year period, the patient with ODM and severe SRF involving the fovea was initially treated with pars plana vitrectomy, allowing fluid resolution for 2 years. The SRF recurred at the same time as IRF appeared, but both eventually resolved spontaneously. Of note, the peripapillary choroidal thickness fluctuated, and after a transient initial increase over the first two years, a continuous decrease from 186 μm to 72 μm was observed over the last 8 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case of ODM was remarkable for the long postoperative follow-up, and for the recurrence and then spontaneous resolution of the fluid, resulting in good visual acuity after 10 years. The fluctuation in peripapillary choroidal thickness was particularly original, and could suggest at least a concomitant involvement of the choroid in the occurrence of SRF.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}