Retinal Cases and Brief Reports最新文献

{"title":"Anterior Capsular Flap Assisted Re-surgery for Persistent Full-Thickness Macular Hole.","authors":"Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, Mousumi Banerjee","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Describing the anatomical and functional outcomes of anterior capsular flap-assisted re-surgery for a persistent full-thickness macular hole following complete ILM removal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 58-year-old male with a persistent full-thickness macular hole after primary pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling underwent re-surgery using an autologous anterior lens capsular flap combined with phacoemulsification. The capsular flap was placed in an overlay configuration under partial fluid-air exchange without the use of perfluorocarbon liquid, autologous blood, or serum. Postoperative evaluation included serial UWFI and SD-OCT over an 11-month follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type 1 macular hole closure was achieved following re-surgery with autologous capsular transplantation. Serial OCT demonstrated progressive restoration of outer retinal layers, with reconstitution of the external limiting membrane followed by gradual ellipsoid zone recovery over time. The capsular flap showed stable integration with gradual thinning and shrinkage, without evidence of traction or pathological gliosis. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 6/12 preoperatively to 6/8 at final follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anterior capsular flap transplantation achieved stable macular hole closure with durable graft integration without the use of perfluorocarbon liquid or autologous blood, demonstrating that adjunct-free capsular scaffolding can provide long-term stability without displacement.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and Functional Outcomes of Allogeneic Internal Limiting Membrane Transplantation for Refractory Full-Thickness Macular Holes.","authors":"Sevim Ayça Seyyar, Oğuzhan Saygılı, Burçak Balyemez","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the anatomical, functional, and outer retinal structural outcomes of allogeneic internal limiting membrane (ILM) transplantation for the treatment of refractory full-thickness macular holes (MH) in eyes where autologous ILM is unavailable due to prior surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series included 13 eyes of 13 patients. All surgeries were performed using a standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) under retrobulbar anesthesia. Allogeneic ILM grafts harvested from donor eyes were stored in Eusol-C at 4-8°C and transplanted under perfluorocarbon liquid using a bimanual forceps-assisted technique. When required, additional ILM tissue was inserted for complete defect filling, and the graft was stabilized with a dispersive viscoelastic agent under air. No postoperative head positioning was prescribed. Pre- and postoperative MH size, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), closure rate, and closure morphology were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anatomical closure was achieved in all eyes (100%), with primary closure in 12 eyes (92.3%) and successful closure after reoperation in one eye (7.7%). W-type closure was most frequent (61.5%), followed by V-type (30.8%) and U-type (7.7%). BCVA improved significantly from 20/200 (logMAR 1.00) to 20/66 (logMAR 0.52) at final follow-up, corresponding to a median gain of approximately 5 ETDRS lines (p<0.001), whereas intraocular pressure showed no significant change (p=0.118). Despite complete anatomical closure, ellipsoid zone defects persisted in all eyes (100%), and external limiting membrane defects were present in 76.9%, indicating limited outer retinal restoration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this 13-case retrospective series, allogeneic ILM transplantation provided consistent anatomical closure and meaningful visual improvement in refractory macular holes lacking autologous ILM, although restoration of outer retinal microstructure remained limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Ab Externo Rescue Technique of a Dislocated Four-point Scleral-Fixated Intraocular Lens.","authors":"Risha Patel, Ayush A Parikh, Celine Chaaya, Ajay E Kuriyan, Nimesh A Patel","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The rescue of a dislocated scleral-sutured intraocular lens (IOL) remains surgically challenging. We report a novel, flapless, cornea-based ab externo technique for rescuing a dislocated scleral-fixated Akreos AO60 IOL.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 59-year-old male with a history of remote left eye (OS) trauma complicated by glaucoma and retinal detachment status post repair, presented with decreased vision OS following acute blunt ocular trauma. The ocular examination revealed hand motion (LogMAR -2.70) vision and posterior dislocation of a previously scleral-fixated Akreos AO60 IOL. A core and peripheral vitrectomy were performed, and the IOL was relocated to the anterior chamber. Using corneal paracentesis and a 2.4mm main wound, each of the four-lens haptics was externalized and threaded with 8-0 GORE-TEX sutures. The distal suture followed by the proximal suture was passed into the anterior chamber and retrieved through the prior sclerotomies. The IOL was then reposited in the posterior chamber and sutured at sclerotomy sites for fixation. The best-corrected visual acuity improved from hand motion back to baseline of 20/70 (LogMAR 0.54) at follow-up, with no complications observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A dislocated Akreos AO60 four-haptic IOL was successfully rescued and re-fixated with stable centration with a novel ab externo approach. This technique provides an effective method with limited manipulation and small wounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ab externo technique provides an approach for rescuing dislocated four-haptic lenses, such as the Akreos AO60.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicone Oil-Assisted Removal of Large Intraocular Foreign Bodies.","authors":"Jesus Hernan Gonzalez-Cortes, Javier Alan Garza-Chavarria, Alper Bilgic, Aditya Sudhalkar, Wenceslao Pacheco Treviño, Jesus Emiliano Gonzalez-Cantu, Jesus Mohamed Hamsho","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000002006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000002006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a silicone oil-assisted technique for removal of large intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) through an enlarged sclerotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Description of the surgical technique in two pediatric patients with large posterior-segment IOFBs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two pediatric patients had large IOFBs, one involving the macular area and the other in the subretinal space. Because of the size of the IOFBs, an air/silicone oil (SO) exchange was performed before extraction. An enlarged sclerotomy was created, and the IOFB was removed with retinal forceps in one case and an external magnet in the other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Removal of a large IOFB through an enlarged sclerotomy may cause substantial loss of ocular stability when the eye is maintained with active balanced salt solution infusion. SO tamponade before extraction may reduce rapid fluid egress, help maintain globe configuration, and facilitate controlled IOFB removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACUTE DEFEROXAMINE-INDUCED RETINOPATHY.","authors":"Emilie Jomaa, Felix Blaison, Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, Marie-Bénédicte Rougier","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000002004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000002004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of acute retinopathy in a 65-year-old woman secondary to the administration of only five subcutaneous infusions of deferoxamine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical findings and multimodal imaging (color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence) in a patient with acute deferoxamine-induced retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient developed retinal toxicity after only five cycles of standard-dose subcutaneous deferoxamine. Immediate drug discontinuation was recommended, and the patient was re-examined six weeks later with a functional and anatomical improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>and importance: This case highlighted the risk of deferoxamine-induced retinopathy, even after a very short subcutaneous administration at a standard dose. Early detection is essential, as immediate treatment discontinuation allows a good visual recovery in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciliary epithelium detachment during lens subluxation extraction surgery after blunt eye trauma: A case report.","authors":"Manhong Xu, Shuzhan Xu, Jingjie Liu, Liangzhang Tan, Xiaorong Li, Juping Liu","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000002003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To document the ciliary epithelial detachment identified intraoperatively during lens-subluxation extraction in a patient with blunt eye trauma.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A 60-year-old Chinese man presented 14 days after right eye blunt trauma with blurry vision, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), temporal shallowing of the anterior chamber, and iris bombé 1. To relieve pupillary-block-related IOP elevation, phacoemulsification was performed. Intraoperatively, the lens capsule ruptured, and portions of the nucleus and cortex dropped into the vitreous cavity. The surgeon switched to a cutter to remove the dropped lens material, followed by pars plana vitrectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During anterior vitrectomy, a gray-brown bulging tissue at 6 o'clock, consistent with ciliary epithelium, was observed and noted to be tightly adherent. During vitrectomy, an inferior 180° ora serrata dialysis was identified. After complete vitreous removal, fluid-gas exchange, endolaser photocoagulation, and silicone-oil tamponade were performed. Postoperatively, visual acuity progressively improved, and the retina remained attached.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In blunt ocular trauma, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) with scleral depression is crucial for detecting ciliary epithelium detachment; ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) provides adjunctive value but may miss small tears. Intraoperatively, avoid forcibly stripping capsule-like tissue, which may represent ciliary epithelium and risk iatrogenic damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Retinal Detachment after prophylactic laser therapy in Knobloch Syndrome.","authors":"Caio A Silva, Maria Frasson, Joziele S Lima, Brunelle F Nunes, Márcio B Nehemy","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000002005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000002005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Knobloch Syndrome (COL18A1-related) is a rare inherited vitreoretinopathy characterized by early-onset high myopia, regmatogenous retinal detachment and occipital skull and cutaneous defects. Although prophylactic retinal procedures have been proposed for related vitreoretinopathies, data supporting their use in Knobloch syndrome is scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case Report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An 8-year-old girl with genetically confirmed Knobloch syndrome who developed bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment seven days after prophylactic laser therapy performed in a single-session bilaterally. Ultrawide-field retinography revealed bilateral inferotemporal retinal detachment associated with peripheral punched-out lesions. The patient underwent prompt sequential scleral buckle surgery with cryopexy and subretinal fluid drainage as indicated. Both retinas were successfully reattached and visual acuity returned to baseline values in the early postoperative period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights limited evidence supporting laser prophylaxis in Knobloch syndrome and the importance of cautious, individualized decision-making as well as the need for further research to recommend for or against prophylaxis in this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Coverage of Combined Intravitreal Tamponade Agents after Pars Plana Vitrectomy Visualized with Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Tina Felfeli, Lauren Pickel, Avner Hostovsky, Efrem D Mandelcorn","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the behavior of single and combined intravitreal tamponade agents using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with emphasis on identifying the most effective materials and postoperative positioning strategies for complex retinal detachments involving both superior and inferior breaks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. Following standard vitrectomy, patients received one of several tamponade agents: 24% or 25% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), 18% perfluoropropane (C3F8), Siluron 2000, Densiron Xtra, or a Siluron/PFO combination. Postoperatively, MRI was performed in supine, prone, left lateral decubitus (LLD), and right lateral decubitus (RLD) positions to assess fluid-retina contact at anterior, mid-globe, and posterior slices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six patients (mean age 62±5.6 years; 50% female) were included. Tamponade performance varied by both agent and head position. Pure Densiron achieved complete (360°) tamponade in supine position but showed residual fluid laterally and posteriorly. Gas tamponades (SF6/C3F8) demonstrated full 360° coverage in prone position but incomplete supine tamponade. Pure Siluron achieved stable anterior and mid-globe coverage but poor posterior tamponade. The Siluron/PFO combination provided complementary coverage patterns, achieving both superior and inferior tamponade in supine and prone orientations. No single material achieved uniform contact across all orientations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This MRI-based analysis reveals that tamponade effectiveness depends on both physical properties and patient positioning. Combined Siluron/PFO offered the most balanced coverage for complex detachments involving both superior and inferior pathology. These results support tailored tamponade selection and individualized postoperative positioning to optimize anatomic outcomes and potentially reduce the number of patients who may require adjunctive procedures such as scleral buckling.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Interdigitation Zone Abnormalities associated with Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Futibatinib.","authors":"Paolo Forte, Alberto Quarta, Ketaki Panse, Ceren Soylu, Jianfeng Huang, Shinichiro Chujo, Seungming Lee, Federico Sivilotti, Giulia Corradetti, SriniVas R Sadda","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000001997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000001997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the multimodal imaging features and longitudinal course of futibatinib-associated retinopathy, including a recurrent, fluctuating interdigitation zone (IZ) abnormality, a concurrent large retinal capillary aneurysm (LRCA), and an apparent association with self-imposed fasting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational case report of a 44-year-old man receiving futibatinib, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Evaluation included high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), quantitative external limiting membrane-to-Bruch membrane (ELM-to-BM) thickness mapping, multifocal electroretinography, and microperimetry, with serial follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 450 days after starting futibatinib, surveillance OCT revealed subtle foveal photoreceptor changes. High-resolution OCT 30 days later confirmed increased visibility, thickening, and splitting of the IZ from the retinal pigment epithelium in both eyes, with a parafoveal LRCA in the right eye and no intraretinal exudation. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally; multifocal electroretinography and microperimetry were unremarkable. The drug was continued in coordination with oncology, and the IZ splitting resolved spontaneously within approximately 45 days of initial detection. The IZ abnormality subsequently recurred and then normalized despite unchanged dosing, indicating a fluctuating course; ELM-to-BM thickness mapping objectively tracked this evolution. The patient reported complete water-only fasting coinciding with the period of interval improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Futibatinib-associated retinopathy may follow a recurrent, fluctuating rather than strictly self-resolving course centered on the IZ, and can be objectively monitored with quantitative photoreceptor mapping. An LRCA and a possible relationship to prolonged fasting-regulated FGFR1 ligands are reported as putative additional features, supporting continued therapy with close monitoring in asymptomatic patients with preserved visual function.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presumed Primary CD79B+ Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Mimicking an Ischemia-Like Macular Lesion.","authors":"Colya N Englisch, Philip Wakili, Karl T Boden, Clara E Englisch, Boris V Stanzel, Peter Szurman, Clemens N Rudolph","doi":"10.1097/ICB.0000000000002000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000002000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of presumed primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) mimicking an ischemia-like macular lesion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-patient case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 74-year-old male patient presented with sudden vision loss up to the hand-motion level in his right eye. Fundus examination revealed a creamy, white-colored, ischemic-appearing macular area excluding the foveal region. Numerous vitreous cells and snowball-like opacities were observed. No relative afferent pupillary defect was evident, and no intraorbital mass or signs of active inflammation were revealed by contrast-enhanced cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Fluorescence angiography revealed a late-phase leopard-spot pattern of hyperfluorescence, whereas optical coherence tomography showed banded subretinal exudates with hyperreflective, vitelliform lesions within the retinal pigment epithelium. Cytological examination of the vitreous was negative for malignant cells. Using next-generation sequencing, the multigene mutation analysis revealed pathogenic CD79B, BTG2, and PIM1 mutations, supporting the diagnosis of PVRL. Twenty-two months later, in response to visual acuity (best-corrected) reduction from 0.5 LogMAR (20/63) at baseline to hand motions, intravitreal methotrexate therapy was initiated in the left eye, which decreased the vitreous cell density. The right eye has since remained stable at 0.2 LogMAR (20/32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presumed PVRL can mimic ischemic-appearing macular lesions and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical ischemic retinal lesions. A thorough diagnostic workup should include multimodal imaging and cranial magnetic resonance imaging. When cytology is inconclusive, molecular genetic testing via NGS becomes a crucial tool, particularly when clinical suspicion remains high.</p>","PeriodicalId":53580,"journal":{"name":"Retinal Cases and Brief Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}