Qingdian Yan, Xianghong Li, Jianbin Luo, Ming Zhao
{"title":"Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging of Energy-Related Catalytic Reactions.","authors":"Qingdian Yan, Xianghong Li, Jianbin Luo, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00112","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pressing challenges of the energy crisis and environmental problems necessitate the pursuit of efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies, wherein catalytic processes play a vital role in addressing these issues. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (SMFM) offers a transformative approach to understanding various catalytic reactions by enabling real-time visualization of molecular adsorption, diffusion, and transformation on catalytic surfaces. The unprecedented insights into the spatial distribution of active sites, catalytic heterogeneity, and the dynamics of key intermediates result in single- or subparticle level structure-property relations, thereby offering insightful perspectives for catalyst design and mechanistic understanding of energy-related catalytic processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in using SMFM for investigating energy-related catalytic reactions. The advancement in SMFM imaging techniques for investigating nonfluorescent chemical processes is also highlighted. Finally, we conclude the review by commenting on the current challenges and prospects in advancing SMFM in energy research. We hope that the capable SMFM imaging techniques and insights will promote the development and realistic application of various energy-related catalytic reactions, together with inspiring researchers to explore the power of SMFM in other applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 5","pages":"280-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Sun, Hang Liu, Ying Yang, Shankun Yao, Zhipeng Liu* and Zijian Guo*,
{"title":"A Self-Immobilizing Photoacoustic Probe for Ratiometric In Vivo Imaging of Cu(II) in Tumors","authors":"Qian Sun, Hang Liu, Ying Yang, Shankun Yao, Zhipeng Liu* and Zijian Guo*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0011510.1021/cbmi.4c00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00115https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cu(II) ions play a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis, making in vivo high-resolution imaging of Cu(II) crucial for understanding its role in tumor pathophysiology. However, designing suitable molecular probes for this purpose remains challenging. Herein, we report the development of a photoacoustic probe for specific in vivo imaging of Cu(II) in tumors. This probe utilizes β-galactoside as a targeting group and incorporates a unique self-immobilization strategy. Upon β-galactosidase-mediated cleavage, the probe generates a reactive quinone methide intermediate that covalently binds to intracellular proteins, enabling selective tumor accumulation. The probe exhibits a ratiometric photoacoustic response to Cu(II) with high selectivity over that of other biological species. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the efficacy of the probe for Cu(II) imaging in tumors. This research provides valuable insights into the role of Cu(II) in tumorigenesis and may facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"260–266 260–266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bishal Pokhrel, Fatiha Farhana, Li Zuo, Rebecca L. Stratton, Pravin Pokhrel, Mohammad Akter Hossain, Jiahao Ji, Hanbin Mao and Hao Shen*,
{"title":"Fluorogenic Linkage Integration for Nonfluorescent Transformations (FLINT)","authors":"Bishal Pokhrel, Fatiha Farhana, Li Zuo, Rebecca L. Stratton, Pravin Pokhrel, Mohammad Akter Hossain, Jiahao Ji, Hanbin Mao and Hao Shen*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0011410.1021/cbmi.4c00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00114https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00114","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Since its creation, single-molecule optical imaging has revolutionized the study of catalytic processes, yet its application largely relies on probing fluorogenic reactions. To overcome this limitation, we propose the Fluorogenic Linkage Integration for Nonfluorescent Transformation (FLINT) approach, an imaging method to resolve nonfluorogenic reactions at the single-molecule level. Using glucose oxidation as a model reaction, we coupled this nonfluorogenic reaction with a fluorogenic Amplex Red (AR) → resorufin (RF) transformation to create a cascading reaction. This integration allowed us to monitor single-turnover events and extract key kinetic parameters for glucose oxidation despite their being invisible under the optical microscope. Our ensemble measurements combining cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the cascade reaction mechanism and revealed first-order kinetics for both elementary reaction steps. At the single-molecule level, turnover time analysis provided detailed information on the reaction kinetics, distinguishing the relatively fast glucose oxidation from slower AR oxidation. We further confirmed the validity of the FLINT approach by comparing the catalytic performances of 5 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against that of 18 × 52 nm gold nanorods (AuNRs) and AuNP@DNA coronazymes. Furthermore, FLINT was used to evaluate the chiral selectivity of <span>d</span>- and <span>l</span>-glucose on coronazymes, suggesting the potential application of FLINT in enantioselective reactions. The FLINT approach is a significant advancement in single-molecule imaging as it enables the study of nonfluorogenic reactions with high spatiotemporal resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"253–259 253–259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bishal Pokhrel, Fatiha Farhana, Li Zuo, Rebecca L Stratton, Pravin Pokhrel, Mohammad Akter Hossain, Jiahao Ji, Hanbin Mao, Hao Shen
{"title":"Fluorogenic Linkage Integration for Nonfluorescent Transformations (FLINT).","authors":"Bishal Pokhrel, Fatiha Farhana, Li Zuo, Rebecca L Stratton, Pravin Pokhrel, Mohammad Akter Hossain, Jiahao Ji, Hanbin Mao, Hao Shen","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its creation, single-molecule optical imaging has revolutionized the study of catalytic processes, yet its application largely relies on probing fluorogenic reactions. To overcome this limitation, we propose the Fluorogenic Linkage Integration for Nonfluorescent Transformation (FLINT) approach, an imaging method to resolve nonfluorogenic reactions at the single-molecule level. Using glucose oxidation as a model reaction, we coupled this nonfluorogenic reaction with a fluorogenic Amplex Red (AR) → resorufin (RF) transformation to create a cascading reaction. This integration allowed us to monitor single-turnover events and extract key kinetic parameters for glucose oxidation despite their being invisible under the optical microscope. Our ensemble measurements combining cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the cascade reaction mechanism and revealed first-order kinetics for both elementary reaction steps. At the single-molecule level, turnover time analysis provided detailed information on the reaction kinetics, distinguishing the relatively fast glucose oxidation from slower AR oxidation. We further confirmed the validity of the FLINT approach by comparing the catalytic performances of 5 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against that of 18 × 52 nm gold nanorods (AuNRs) and AuNP@DNA coronazymes. Furthermore, FLINT was used to evaluate the chiral selectivity of d- and l-glucose on coronazymes, suggesting the potential application of FLINT in enantioselective reactions. The FLINT approach is a significant advancement in single-molecule imaging as it enables the study of nonfluorogenic reactions with high spatiotemporal resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Self-Immobilizing Photoacoustic Probe for Ratiometric In Vivo Imaging of Cu(II) in Tumors.","authors":"Qian Sun, Hang Liu, Ying Yang, Shankun Yao, Zhipeng Liu, Zijian Guo","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cu(II) ions play a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis, making in vivo high-resolution imaging of Cu(II) crucial for understanding its role in tumor pathophysiology. However, designing suitable molecular probes for this purpose remains challenging. Herein, we report the development of a photoacoustic probe for specific in vivo imaging of Cu(II) in tumors. This probe utilizes β-galactoside as a targeting group and incorporates a unique self-immobilization strategy. Upon β-galactosidase-mediated cleavage, the probe generates a reactive quinone methide intermediate that covalently binds to intracellular proteins, enabling selective tumor accumulation. The probe exhibits a ratiometric photoacoustic response to Cu(II) with high selectivity over that of other biological species. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the efficacy of the probe for Cu(II) imaging in tumors. This research provides valuable insights into the role of Cu(II) in tumorigenesis and may facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Photocleavable Fluorescent Dye Dyad for Diffusion Imaging","authors":"Damian Schöngen, and , Dominik Wöll*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0008410.1021/cbmi.4c00084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00084https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00084","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We report the synthesis and characterization of a photocleavable fluorescent dye dyad. The two constituting dyes show a large spectral overlap and are in close proximity to each other, leading to efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Photocleavage of the dyad and the subsequent independent diffusion of both fluorophores qualifies the system to be used for high accuracy diffusion measurements. In contrast to previous work, the dyad reported here can be applied in polar solvents and cleaved by UV-A light. Beneficially, the photolabile linker provides two orthogonal labeling sites for various commercially available fluorescent labels. In this work, we chose the cationic organic dyes ATTO565 and ATTO647N. We outline the synthesis and spectral characterization of the system with UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence quantum yield measurements. Furthermore, we performed proof-of-principle microscopy experiments to demonstrate its capability in polyvinyl acetate films.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 3","pages":"199–207 199–207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Photocleavable Fluorescent Dye Dyad for Diffusion Imaging.","authors":"Damian Schöngen, Dominik Wöll","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00084","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the synthesis and characterization of a photocleavable fluorescent dye dyad. The two constituting dyes show a large spectral overlap and are in close proximity to each other, leading to efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Photocleavage of the dyad and the subsequent independent diffusion of both fluorophores qualifies the system to be used for high accuracy diffusion measurements. In contrast to previous work, the dyad reported here can be applied in polar solvents and cleaved by UV-A light. Beneficially, the photolabile linker provides two orthogonal labeling sites for various commercially available fluorescent labels. In this work, we chose the cationic organic dyes ATTO565 and ATTO647N. We outline the synthesis and spectral characterization of the system with UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence quantum yield measurements. Furthermore, we performed proof-of-principle microscopy experiments to demonstrate its capability in polyvinyl acetate films.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 3","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raul Michael, Tallah Modirzadeh, Tahir Bachar Issa, Patrick Jurney
{"title":"Label-Free Visualization and Segmentation of Endothelial Cell Mitochondria Using Holotomographic Microscopy and U-Net.","authors":"Raul Michael, Tallah Modirzadeh, Tahir Bachar Issa, Patrick Jurney","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the physiological processes underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires examination of endothelial cell (EC) mitochondrial networks, because mitochondrial function and adenosine triphosphate production are crucial in EC metabolism, and consequently influence CVD progression. Although current biochemical assays and immunofluorescence microscopy can reveal how mitochondrial function influences cellular metabolism, they cannot achieve live observation and tracking changes in mitochondrial networks through fusion and fission events. Holotomographic microscopy (HTM) has emerged as a promising technique for real-time, label-free visualization of ECs and their organelles, such as mitochondria. This nondestructive, noninterfering live cell imaging method offers unprecedented opportunities to observe mitochondrial network dynamics. However, because existing image processing tools based on immunofluorescence microscopy techniques are incompatible with HTM images, a machine-learning model is required. Here, we developed a model using a U-net learner with a Resnet18 encoder to identify four classes within HTM images: mitochondrial networks, cell borders, ECs, and background. This method accurately identifies mitochondrial structures and positions. With high accuracy and similarity metrics, the output image successfully provides visualization of mitochondrial networks within HTM images of ECs. This approach enables the study of mitochondrial networks and their effects, and holds promise in advancing understanding of CVD mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raul Michael, Tallah Modirzadeh, Tahir Bachar Issa and Patrick Jurney*,
{"title":"Label-Free Visualization and Segmentation of Endothelial Cell Mitochondria Using Holotomographic Microscopy and U-Net","authors":"Raul Michael, Tallah Modirzadeh, Tahir Bachar Issa and Patrick Jurney*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0010010.1021/cbmi.4c00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00100https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Understanding the physiological processes underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires examination of endothelial cell (EC) mitochondrial networks, because mitochondrial function and adenosine triphosphate production are crucial in EC metabolism, and consequently influence CVD progression. Although current biochemical assays and immunofluorescence microscopy can reveal how mitochondrial function influences cellular metabolism, they cannot achieve live observation and tracking changes in mitochondrial networks through fusion and fission events. Holotomographic microscopy (HTM) has emerged as a promising technique for real-time, label-free visualization of ECs and their organelles, such as mitochondria. This nondestructive, noninterfering live cell imaging method offers unprecedented opportunities to observe mitochondrial network dynamics. However, because existing image processing tools based on immunofluorescence microscopy techniques are incompatible with HTM images, a machine-learning model is required. Here, we developed a model using a U-net learner with a Resnet18 encoder to identify four classes within HTM images: mitochondrial networks, cell borders, ECs, and background. This method accurately identifies mitochondrial structures and positions. With high accuracy and similarity metrics, the output image successfully provides visualization of mitochondrial networks within HTM images of ECs. This approach enables the study of mitochondrial networks and their effects, and holds promise in advancing understanding of CVD mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"225–231 225–231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudipta Seth*, Boris Louis, Koki Asano, Toon Van Roy, Maarten B. J. Roeffaers, Elke Debroye, Ivan G. Scheblykin, Martin Vacha* and Johan Hofkens*,
{"title":"Unveiling the Local Fate of Charge Carriers in Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Correlation Clustering Imaging","authors":"Sudipta Seth*, Boris Louis, Koki Asano, Toon Van Roy, Maarten B. J. Roeffaers, Elke Debroye, Ivan G. Scheblykin, Martin Vacha* and Johan Hofkens*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0011310.1021/cbmi.4c00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00113https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As the field of metal halide perovskites matures, a range of compositionally different perovskite films has found a place in efficient optoelectronic devices. These films feature variable local structural stability, carrier diffusion, and recombination, while there is still a lack of easy-to-implement generic protocols for high-throughput characterization of these variable properties. Correlation clustering imaging (CLIM) is a recently developed tool that resolves peculiarities of local photophysics by assessing the dynamics of photoluminescence detected by wide-field optical microscopy. We demonstrate the capability of CLIM as a high-throughput characterization tool of perovskite films using MAPbI<sub>3</sub> (MAPI) and triple cation mixed halide (TCMH) perovskites as examples where it resolves the interplay of carrier diffusion, recombination, and defect dynamics. We found significant differences in the appearance of metastable defect states in these two films. Despite a better surface quality and larger grain size, MAPI films showed more pronounced effects of fluctuating defect states than did TCMH films. As CLIM shows a significant difference between materials known to lead to different solar cell efficiencies, it can be considered a tool for quality control of thin films for perovskite optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"3 4","pages":"244–252 244–252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}