Chemical & Biomedical Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Probing Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions via Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Yusheng Zhang, Yuqin Xu, Jing-Juan Xu, Li-Qing Zheng","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterogeneous catalysis is pivotal to modern chemical industries, and molecular-level insights into catalytic processes are essential for developing highly efficient catalysts and advancing energy conversion technologies. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which integrates scanning probe microscopy with plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, provides chemical and topographic information simultaneously with exceptional sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. This technique is ideally suited for the nanoscale chemical characterization of solid catalysts, enabling direct structure-performance correlations. In this review, we first introduce the fundamental principles of TERS, and then highlight its key applications in probing heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on critical aspects such as active sites, molecular activation pathways, conversion efficiency, chemical selectivity, and operando studies. We conclude by discussing current challenges and potential strategies to advance TERS in heterogeneous catalysis, and by outlining future directions for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"453-468"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AND-Logic-Based Dual-Lock Hemicyanine Fluorescence Probe for Accurate Hypoxia Assessment in Tumors.","authors":"Yurong Liu, Yaru Wang, Wei Sun, Yue Li, Xuan Zhou, Junjie Chen, Shanshan Jiang, Hengke Liu, Peng Huang, Jing Lin","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypoxia tumor microenvironment (TME) critically influences treatment efficacy, driving a significant demand for real-time <i>in vivo</i> hypoxia assessment. However, conventional single-stimulus responsive probes suffer from insufficient imaging precision. To address this, we developed a new AND-logic-based pH/nitroreductase (NTR) dual-lock hemicyanine, namely LET-16, for accurate hypoxia assessment in tumors. LET-16 responds to acidic TME, forming a positively charged open-ring structure that enhances cell entry. Inside tumor cells, it reacts with overexpressed NTR, thus emitting a fluorescence signal. LET-16 demonstrates excellent dual-responsive activation both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, enabling precise imaging of tumor hypoxia. This work not only provides a robust tool for accurate hypoxia assessment but also offers a strategy for engineering versatile hemicyanine scaffolds adaptable to complex diagnostic needs, such as multianalyte detection and advanced logic-gate responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"619-628"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Functional Brain Organization Using Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Tianjia Zhu, Sovesh Mohapatra, Shufang Tan, Minhui Ouyang, Hao Huang","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain is characterized by spatially distinguishable cytoarchitecture, structure, function, connectivity, and morphology, allowing its parcellation into distinct regions. Delineating structurally and functionally homogeneous brain regions through parcellation is crucial for advancing our understanding of brain organization and function. Functional parcellation leverages resting-state or task-based fMRI data to map regions with coherent activity or connectivity patterns to uncover brain network architecture changes across the lifespan and in disease. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed this field by enabling data-driven and individualized mapping of functional brain organization. This review covers current methodologies across supervised, unsupervised, and self-supervised learning frameworks in functional parcellation using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), highlighting their applications in spatial and temporal feature extraction as well as individual parcellations. We compared traditional approaches such as independent component analysis with AI-based methods such as graph neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and transformer networks, emphasizing their distinctive methodological basis and performance. We elaborated validation strategies including test-retest reproducibility, functional homogeneity, alignment with task-based fMRI or electrophysiology, and cross-modality validation. We also discussed limitations of AI-based approaches, such as data requirements, generalizability, and interpretability. Furthermore, we proposed future directions including multimodal integration, foundation models, and explainable AI. Collectively, this review outlines the current strategies of functional parcellation using AI, ultimately supporting its usage for understanding brain organization across the lifespan and in disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"469-484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected Inner-Sphere Versus Outer-Sphere Redox in Bilayer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂) from Correlative Electrochemical Imaging.","authors":"Jake Limb, Irfan H Abidi, Aaron Elbourne, Cameron L Bentley","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rational design of electrode materials (e.g., electrocatalysts) requires nanoscale insights into surface structure-activity relationships, yet such understanding remains incomplete and is generally out-of-reach with conventional macroscopic electrochemical characterization. In this work, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is employed to directly compare inner- and outer-sphere redox activity on bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) crystals. Using the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as an inner-sphere benchmark and [Ru-(NH₃)₆]^3+/2+ as a model outer-sphere probe, contrasting layer-dependent electrochemical behavior is observed on bilayer 3R MoS₂. High-resolution activity maps reveal the expected attenuation of HER kinetics with increasing layer thickness, attributable to hindered through-plane conductivity and increased electron tunnelling barriers, alongside nanoscale \"hotspots\" consistent with defect-mediated activity. In stark contrast, the [Ru-(NH₃)₆]^3+/2+ couple is more facile and electrochemically reversible on the upper layer of bilayer 3R MoS₂, despite increased electron tunnelling distances. This unexpected response highlights the influence of interfacial electronic structure (e.g., Fermi level pinning and screening effects) and demonstrates that outer-sphere redox mediators can yield misleading indications of \"metal-like\" behavior for 2D semiconductors. This correlative multimicroscopic approach (i.e., SECCM combined with colocated conductive atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) provides insight into layer-dependent electrochemistry in 2D semiconductors and underscores the need for caution when employing conventional redox probes as proxies for conductivity or redox activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"648-657"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion Beam Imaging Shows Selective Thallium-201 Uptake in Cell Nuclei: Impact on Cellular Dosimetry and Radiotoxicity of Auger Electron Emitters.","authors":"Katarzyna M Wulfmeier, Paul M D Gape, Catia Costa, Pedro Machado, Theodora Stewart, Raymond M Reilly, Melanie Bailey, Philip J Blower, Vincenzo Abbate, Samantha Y A Terry","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thallium-201, a promising candidate for precise targeted radionuclide therapy, emits abundant, radiotoxic, short-range Auger and other secondary electrons, but its subcellular distribution, on which the delivered absorbed radiation dose depends, remains unknown. This study investigates the subcellular localization of unbound ²⁰¹Tl⁺, for input into microdosimetry models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prostate (DU145), ovarian (SKOV3), and lung (A549) cancer cells were exposed to nonradioactive TlCl and imaged using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy, and ion beam analysis (IBA). Absorbed radiation doses to cell nuclei from intracellular ²⁰¹Tl were calculated for geometries based on DU145 cells, applying the standard Medical Internal Radiation Dose formalism, and compared to those from ²⁰¹Tl-labeled Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only IBA successfully quantified thallium in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, showing selective uptake in the nucleus with nuclear:cytoplasmic concentration ratios of 1.8 ± 1.5 in DU145 cells and 1.8 ± 1.0 in SKOV3 cells. New dose calculations for ²⁰¹Tl revealed that exclusively cytoplasmic localization of ²⁰¹Tl activity, exemplified by ²⁰¹Tl bound to chitosan-coated PBNPs in A549 cells, reduces the absorbed dose to the nucleus by 82%, compared to the observed distribution of unbound ²⁰¹Tl⁺, providing a rationale for reduced cytotoxicity per decay for PBNPs compared to ²⁰¹Tl⁺ observed previously.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thallium-(I) ions show preferential accumulation in cell nuclei and this could account for the higher toxicity of [²⁰¹Tl]-TlCl than [²⁰¹Tl]-PBNPs per intracellular decay event.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"541-549"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted PET Imaging of Atherosclerosis via Low-Density Lipoprotein Click Chemistry with Nanoparticles.","authors":"Paula Nogales, María Muñoz-Hernando, Jacob F Bentzon, Fernando Herranz, Juan Pellico","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis, making its detection critical for cardiovascular disease management. Radionuclide imaging of LDL offers distinct advantages over other modalities but remains limited by poor specificity and the need for long-lived isotopes. We present a click chemistry-based PET imaging strategy using gallium-68 (⁶⁸Ga), a short-lived radionuclide, for the specific detection of LDL accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. The approach relies on a two-step inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-modified LDL and tetrazine-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles radiolabeled with ⁶⁸Ga. <i>In vivo</i> PET/CT imaging in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLr^-/-) mice showed selective uptake of the nanoparticles in atherosclerotic lesions, with minimal signal in wild-type controls. This method demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity, while reducing background signal and radiation exposure. Our results support the potential of this approach as a noninvasive and translatable platform for early diagnosis and risk assessment in cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"533-540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Molecule Fluorescence Defines a New Dye Chemistry.","authors":"Lujia Yang, Ying Zheng, Zhiwei Ye, Yi Xiao","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Century-old fluorescent dyes have regained life in the wave of super-resolution microscopy. The achievement of single-molecule resolution transcends conventional ensemble averaging, imposing specific photophysical requirements on fluorescent dyes at a millisecond temporal resolution and ∼1 nm single-molecule spatial precision. This review aims to synthesize the fundamental principle governing single-molecule fluorescence in terms of single-molecule photon flux, switching kinetics, and the structure-function correlations. It emphasizes the role of structural modulation down to the atomic level for tuning single-molecule fluorescence characteristics to enhance imaging resolutions and proposes a taxonomy of landmark structural modifications for regulating single-molecule fluorescence. The analysis would provide guidelines for ongoing dye engineering efforts to develop next-generation dyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"510-526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin State Modulation Strategies for Transition Metal-Based MRI Contrast Agents.","authors":"Yu-Xiao Chen, Ai-Wen Ge, Xin Guo, Meng Yu, Jun Tao","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00161","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful diagnostic tool that relies on contrast agents (CAs) to enhance image resolution and specificity. Transition metal complexes play a crucial role in this context, as their spin states directly influence their paramagnetic properties and relaxation efficiency. The ability to modulate spin state provides an avenue for designing responsive MRI CAs with improved performance and adaptability to biological environments. This review explores three primary strategies for spin state regulation in transition metal-based MRI CAs. First, redox-mediated modulation employs oxidation-reduction reactions to switch spin states by altering the electronic structure of the metal center. This mechanism enables dynamic tuning of contrast properties in response to physiological redox variations. Second, ligand field engineering tailors spin states by modifying the coordination environment and ligand field strength, thereby modulating the electronic distribution around the metal center. This strategy allows for precise control over spin transitions and expands the scope of responsive MRI CAs. Third, magnetic coupling leverages exchange interactions between metal centers to influence the collective magnetic properties. The integration of spin state modulation strategies holds great promise for advancing transition metal complex-based CAs, ultimately improving diagnostic precision and expanding the utility of MRI in biomedical applications. By systematically analyzing these approaches, this review provides a framework for designing next-generation MRI CAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 3","pages":"274-303"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Hyperspectral and Super-Resolved Mapping of Lipid Membrane Polarity with Single-Molecule Sensitivity.","authors":"Elric Dion Pott, Meek Yang, James Ethan Batey, Joie Embree, Bin Dong","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell membranes display nanoscale heterogeneity in lipid composition and organization that regulates vital biological processes yet remain challenging to resolve with conventional imaging. We introduce spectral phasor single-molecule localization microscopy (SP-SMLM), a hyperspectral and super-resolution method that combines wavefront-like optical filtering with single-molecule imaging for simultaneous spatial and spectral analysis. A lab-built three-channel imager with sine/cosine filters encodes emission spectra of single molecules into the phasor space, enabling high-throughput, high-SNR mapping of membrane polarity at sub-50 nm spatial and 15 s temporal resolutions. Through simulation, we validate that the phasor angle correlates with the spectral mean for single dye molecules. When applied to Nile red-stained COS-7 cells, SP-SMLM revealed organelle-specific polarity differences and dynamic remodeling of the lipid composition within live cells. The method's hyperspectral capability, rapid acquisition, and compatibility with 2D/3D imaging platforms position SP-SMLM as a powerful tool for studying membrane heterogeneity and dynamics in live cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"584-589"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthocyanin Derived NIR Fluorogenic Probe for Direct Visualization and Monitoring of DNA G‑Quadruplex in Breast Cancer Tumor Models.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Lingyun Zhao, Yuxiang Zheng, Jiaxin Yu, Zili Li, Mengqin Liu, Wen Chen","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dysregulation of the c-Myc gene has been embroiled in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, including breast cancer. It is notable that ∼90% of c-Myc expression is regulated by c-Myc DNA sequence that forms G4. Fluorescent probes for imaging c-Myc DNA G4 may provide valuable insights into the biological functions of the c-Myc DNA G4 oncogene and offer promising opportunities for TNBC treatment. However, the existing probes for c-Myc DNA G4s still exhibit low specificity and short absorption/emission wavelengths. Herein, a novel anthocyanin derivative with NIR absorption/emission was engineered for the priority response to c-Myc DNA G4. A series of ligands for preferentially responding to c-Myc DNA G4s were developed by conjugating N-Cy with varied electron-donating groups. It is shown that the ligand CYMT using methylbenzothiazole as the electron-donating group displayed NIR absorption/emission, good selectivity, high fluorescence activation ratio and priority for the detection of c-Myc DNA G4s. Molecular docking experiments indicate that CYMT interacts with c-Myc DNA G4 through hydrogen bond and multiple π-π stacking. It was shown that CYMT could recognize DNA G4s and priority response to c-Myc DNA G4 in breast cancer. We further utilized CYMT to image the dynamics of DNA G4s under oxidative stress in live MDA-MB-231 cells. The ability of CYMT to monitor DNA G4s in vivo was showcased by time dependent detecting of DNA G4 levels in MDA-MB-231-transplanted mice breast tumor models. It was further confirmed the detection ability of CYMT for endogenous DNA G4 in vivo by collecting periocular blood from healthy nude mice and xenograft MDA-MB-231 mouse models. This probe may regard as a meaningful implement for investigating the physiological and pathological roles of c-Myc DNA G4s.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 4","pages":"629-637"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}