Chemical & Biomedical Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Rubrene–Oxalate Electrochemiluminescence Reveals Physicochemical Properties of Triphasic Boundaries","authors":"Megan L. Hill,&nbsp;Mackenzie P. Stockwell,&nbsp;Jeffrey E. Dick","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiphase chemical systems are abundant in nature andwidespreadin industrial and pharmaceutical settings. Moreover, multiphase, microconfinedsystems have been implicated in unique and fascinating chemistries,such as reaction acceleration, unexpected chemical transformations,and reactive species production. Despite the importance and prevalenceof multiphase environments, they remain challenging to study. Hence,alternative strategies are necessary to investigate these systems.In this study, we present an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systemthat selectively illuminates triphasic boundaries (liquid|liquid|electrodeinterfaces) within multiphase systems. This triphasic boundary-confinedECL was achieved using rubrene as the luminophore, which is only solublein organic solvents, and oxalate as the coreactant, whose solubilityis limited to the aqueous phase. With this imaging platform, we interrogatedsingle microdroplets, microdroplet arrays, and a bulk liquid|liquid|electrodeinterface. By restricting the ECL signal to the triphasic boundariespresent in each of these systems, we mapped these boundaries withinmicrodroplet arrays and tracked and imaged the dynamic movement ofdroplets, specifically a reorganization event and a coalescence event,in real time. Moreover, this system revealed differences in a 3D spaceby showing distinct ECL emission layer diffusion patterns at two uniqueimaging planes of a bulk liquid|liquid|electrode interface. Our resultsdemonstrate ECL microscopy’s ability to interrogate complex,multiphase systems in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 9","pages":"2041–2053"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149067492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortex-Force-Driven Particle Assembly around Electrode-Fouling Insulating Oil Droplets Is Influenced by Electrolyte Composition","authors":"Harry Morris Rodriguez,&nbsp;Simone Ciampi","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our previous reports demonstrated augmented electrodepositionratesat the insulating oil droplet–electrolyte–electrodetriple point. This enhancement was hypothesized to arise from convectionthat results from a localized increase in current density. Here, weuse time-resolved microscopy to track gold microstructures migratingtoward the triple point and to elucidate how electrolyte identityand concentration influence electrolysis-induced convection arounda fluid insulating droplet fouling an electrode. By fitting a logisticmodel on the microscopy data, the maximum particle assembly rate (α)and saturation level (<em>K</em>) were estimated from aqueoussamples that contained HAuCl₄–Na₂SO₄, HAuCl₄–K₂SO₄, andHAuCl₄–CH₃COONa. The α and <em>K</em> values were comparable in samples that were electrolyzedin 75–300 mM Na₂SO₄. However, the particleassembly parameters generally decreased in 600 mM Na₂SO₄ due to a less dispersed electric double layer and higherbulk solution viscosity. In terms of the effect of the electrolytespecies, both α and <em>K</em> were remarkably lowerin the acetate-containing samples than in the sulfate-containing samples.This phenomenon could be explained by pH effect, capping effect, and,more importantly, specific ion effects represented by the Hofmeisterseries. In the series, CH₃COO^– lies atthe borderline of chaotropicity. For this reason, it tends to destabilizethe growth or agglomeration of gold particles. The findings in thismanuscript are useful for micropatterning in various devices and theemerging field of electrolyte engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 9","pages":"2032–2040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149067497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Analytical Platform for Single-Cell Microbial Electrochemistry","authors":"Zejing Xing,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Lingxia Zuo,&nbsp;Zixuan Chen,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The urgent need to mitigate globalenergy and environmentalcrisesunderscores the importance of developing clean and sustainable energytechnologies. Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) have emergedas a promising platform, exploiting the ability of electroactive microorganismsto exchange electrons with electrodes through extracellular electrontransfer (EET). While conventional studies have primarily focusedon community-level processes, they often overlook the intrinsic heterogeneityand dynamic behaviors of individual cells that ultimately govern MESperformance. To overcome these limitations, single-cell analyticalapproaches are being developed, though their application to EET studiesremains in its infancy. This review provides a comprehensive summaryof current single-cell microbial electrochemistry studying techniques,beginning with the fundamental mechanisms of EET and progressing toelectrochemical microelectrode methods and optical imaging strategies.Particular attention is given to both label-free and probe-labeledimaging approaches, each offering distinct advantages. Finally, webriefly discuss the interplay between EET and microbial behaviorsat single-cell scale. These insights highlight emerging methodologiesfor probing single-cell EET, their applications in uncovering microbialphysiology and behaviors, and the future opportunities they open foradvancing microbial electrochemistry and the rational design of MESs.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1592–1607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Imaging Dynamics and Divergent Immune Mechanisms of 211At- Versus 131I-Induced Thyroid Injury","authors":"Jiajun Liu,&nbsp;Xiao Li,&nbsp;Shuai Xue,&nbsp;Ruitong Hou,&nbsp;Ning Liu,&nbsp;Changjing Zuo,&nbsp;Fengling Shan,&nbsp;Huawei Cai,&nbsp;Biao Li,&nbsp;Danni Li","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.6c00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.6c00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) withAstatine-211 (²¹¹At)has shown potent antitumor efficacy, yet free ²¹¹At releasedthrough deastatination accumulates in the thyroid <em>via</em> the sodium–iodide symporter (NIS), posing safety concernsdistinct from β-emitter counterparts such as ¹³¹I.Here, we combine multimodal <em>in vivo</em> imaging and molecularprofiling to resolve the kinetics–toxicity relationship of ²¹¹At- versus ¹³¹I-induced thyroid injury. Usingserial ^99mTcO₄^– SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, we captured the dynamic evolution of thyroidfunction and metabolic inflammation in BALB/c mice receiving equipotentcytotoxic doses of Na¹³¹I (18.5 MBq), low-dose Na²¹¹At (18.5 kBq), or high-dose Na²¹¹At (92.5 kBq). Biodistributionstudy revealed rapid NIS-mediated uptake of ²¹¹At peakingat 7 h and complete clearance by 44 h, yet subsequent SPECT and hormonalanalyses demonstrated progressive thyroidal dysfunction independentof residual activity. PET-based metabolic imaging confirmed persistentinflammatory stress despite radionuclide clearance. By integratingmultimodal spatiotemporal imaging, cytokine profiling, RNA sequencing,and immune deconvolution techniques, we identified fundamental distinctionsbetween α and β irradiation in immunopathological mechanisms.While β irradiation predominantly elicited transient innateimmune activation, high-LET α-particle exposure preferentiallyshifted the thyroid immune landscape toward an antigen-experiencedadaptive state. This immune remodeling may contribute to the persistenceof thyroidal dysfunction and inflammatory stress following α-particleexposure, even after radionuclide clearance. This spatiotemporal imagingframework provides a mechanistic basis for understanding α-inducedorgan injury, challenges dose-centric safety models, and guides thedesign and monitoring of future TAT regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1827–1836"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Fluorescent Amino Acids in Bioimaging","authors":"Yanyang Zhao,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Lan Wang,&nbsp;Marc Vendrell,&nbsp;Huan Wang","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.6c00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.6c00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorescent unnatural amino acids (FlAAs) provide a powerfulmolecularbridge between small-molecule fluorophores and biomacromolecules,enabling minimally perturbative optical interrogation of peptidesand proteins. Over the past decade, substantial progress has beenmade in the rational design, synthesis, and application of FlAAs,driven by advances in organic synthesis, C–H functionalization,and translation-based incorporation technologies. This review summarizescontemporary strategies for constructing FlAAs, with a particularemphasis on structure–property relationships and modular designprinciples. Beyond chemical synthesis, we summarize translation-machinery-mediatedstrategies, including chemical tRNA aminoacylation, flexizyme-basedcharging, and genetic code expansion, which collectively enable theincorporation of FlAAs into peptides and proteins in vitro and inliving cells. Finally, we showcase representative applications ofFlAAs in live-cell imaging, super-resolution microscopy, and photodynamictherapy, illustrating how compact fluorescent amino acids can serveas both imaging reporters and functional photoactive units. Together,this review summarizes current molecular design strategies for FlAAsand discusses how chemical modification of amino acid scaffolds canbe linked to specific biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1665–1677"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal and Digital Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for Intelligent Quantitative Biosensing","authors":"Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Jinwei Xiao,&nbsp;Tadele Eticha,&nbsp;Dejana Bešlić,&nbsp;Saman Hosseinkhani,&nbsp;Yiran Guan,&nbsp;Guobao Xu","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging has progressedfrom a sensitive-intensity-baseddetection method to a powerful analytical platform capable of resolvingbiological and chemical heterogeneity at the single-entity level.This review maps the evolution of ECL imaging along three major axes:(i) spatiotemporal resolution, enabled by advanced luminophores, confinedand built-in coreactant pathways, nanozyme catalysis, and 3D emissive-layercontrol; (ii) digitalization, in which analog luminescence is convertedinto discrete, statistically robust events for ultrasensitive quantification;and (iii) intelligent analysis, where artificial intelligence enhancesdenoising, emitter localization, dynamic tracking, multiplexed decoding,and kinetic inference. Mechanistic innovations─such as nanoscaleconfinement, intramolecular coreactant design, in situ conversionof endogenous metabolites, and asymmetric nanostructures─providebrighter, more localized, and biocompatible emission sources. Paralleladvances in materials (metal nanoclusters, quantum dots, perovskites,AIE luminogens, Janus particles), imaging platforms (SECL/PECL modes,super-resolution strategies, microfluidics, smartphone/Raspberry-Pidevices, and large-scale bipolar-electrode arrays), and digital/AIpipelines collectively enable the high-fidelity capture of dynamicprocesses from single molecules to complex 3D spheroids. Together,these developments establish a coherent spatiotemporal–digital–intelligentframework and position ECL imaging as a versatile, scalable, and excitation-freemodality for next-generation biosensing, clinical diagnostics, drugscreening, environmental monitoring, and functional material characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1570–1591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Modality Deep Learning Denoising for Low-Dose μSPECT: Transfer of PET-Trained U-Net and Diffusion Models","authors":"Elise Taragola,&nbsp;Sara Neyt,&nbsp;Boxiao Yu,&nbsp;Maya Abi Akl,&nbsp;Boris Vervenne,&nbsp;Kuang Gong,&nbsp;Stefaan Vandenberghe,&nbsp;Christian Vanhove,&nbsp;Florence M. Muller","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reducing radiation dose in microsingle photon emissioncomputedtomography (μSPECT) is essential to limit adverse biologicaleffects in small animal studies, especially for longitudinal experiments.However, dose reduction increases noise and degrades image quality.While deep learning-based denoising (DL-DN) has shown promise forlow-dose imaging, most prior work has focused on positron emissiontomography (PET). DL-DN for μSPECT remains largely unexplored.In this study, we evaluate postreconstruction DL-DN for low-countμSPECT using two 2D architectures: a U-Net and a denoising diffusionprobabilistic model (DDPM). To mitigate the limited availability ofpreclinical training data, we investigated transfer-learning fromPET, a related molecular imaging modality, using models pretrainedon both μPET (mouse) and clinical PET (human) data. These modelswere evaluated in a zero-shot setting and further adapted to the μSPECTdomain via transfer-learning. Their performance was compared to modelstrained from scratch using varying amounts of μSPECT data (4–32volumes). The data set consisted of in vivo mouse scans acquired withtwo tracers at 10%, 25%, and 50% of standard counts. Both architecturesachieved meaningful noise reduction and improved quantitative agreementwith standard-count references. Zero-shot PET-pretrained models demonstratedcross-modality generalization, reducing root mean squared error (RMSE)by more than 25% at the lowest count level, although residual artifactsremained due to differences between the PET source and μSPECTtarget domains. Transfer-learning consistently improved performance,yielding additional RMSE reductions exceeding 5% relative to zero-shotmodels. Its advantage over scratch-training decreased with increasingdata set size, with maximal RMSE gains dropping from over 10% forsmall training sets to below 3% for larger data sets. Overall, theU-Net provided more robust performance with lower computational cost.These results indicate that DL-DN can support dose reduction in μSPECT,and that transfer-learning from PET offers a practical approach toaddress the small data set sizes common for preclinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1727–1739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward First-in-Class Brain PET Tracers for Imaging TDP-43 Pathology","authors":"Steven H. Liang,&nbsp;Run Wang,&nbsp;Chongzhao Ran,&nbsp;Neil Vasdev,&nbsp;Yinlong Li","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.6c00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.6c00041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1549–1554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronized Chromatin Reorganization as a Key Biomarker in Anesthetic Effects on Plants","authors":"Shilpa Chandra,&nbsp;Bodhidipra Mukherjee,&nbsp;Abdul Salam,&nbsp;Farhan Anjum,&nbsp;Chayan Kanti Nandi,&nbsp;Laxmidhar Behera","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anesthesia produces a reversible loss of responsivenessin animalsby suppressing neuronal excitability and large-scale network integration,yet its effects on non-neuronal systems remain poorly defined. Plantslack neurons but possess excitable membranes, electrical signaling,and stress-responsive chromatin, making them an ideal model to studyanesthetic action independent of neural circuitry. Using confocaland super-resolution microscopic imaging in <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> and <em>Solanum melongena</em> roots and stems, we show that anesthesia disrupts multiple organelleslike mitochondria, vesicle trafficking, microtubules, and chloroplast–nucleusassociation, mirroring many cellular effects described in neuronaltissues. These disruptions intensify under ATP inhibition (AI), indicatingenergetic vulnerability rather than neuron-specific mechanisms. Incontrast, the nucleus remains structurally intact yet undergoes astriking, synchronized, non-local reorganization across cells. Euchromatinrelocates to the nuclear periphery, while heterochromatin remainsstable, revealing a targeted, ATP-independent chromatin reorganizationunique to anesthesia. Our findings identify that nuclear-chromatinreorganization may conserve as a biomarker of the anesthetized stateacross neuronal and non-neuronal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1750–1764"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Rare-Earth Materials as Exogenous Contrast Agents for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging","authors":"Hendry Saju,&nbsp;Sharon George,&nbsp;Swathi Padmanabhan,&nbsp;Nisarga Ramesh,&nbsp;Tharun Jaikumar,&nbsp;Victor Mukherjee,&nbsp;Jaiprakash N. Sangshetti,&nbsp;Shajesh Palantavida,&nbsp;Nandakumar Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah,&nbsp;Jaya Prakash,&nbsp;Chulhong Kim,&nbsp;Rohidas B. Arote","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.5c00280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has emerged as a promisingnoninvasivebiomedical imaging modality with high spatial resolution and softtissue contrast. Exogenous contrast agents play a crucial role inenhancing the sensitivity and specificity of PAI. Among these contrastagents, the rare earth materials (REM) have garnered a lot of interestdue to their near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties. REM establisheditself as a well-known entity in the field of bioimaging and therapydue to their optical, magnetic, and photothermal characteristics.The photoacoustic phenomenon of REM has the potential to emerge asa promising feature alongside its existing properties. The integrationof the various REM as PAI exogenous contrast agents offers the potentialfor targeted imaging of specific biological structures or pathologicalconditions. In the present study, mechanisms behind the generationof acoustic signals are elucidated in detail, providing insights intothe underlying principles of acoustic enhancements, in relation tothe properties of contrast agents. The integration of rare earth contrastagents in various studies is highlighted, showcasing their potentialfor acoustic detection, multimodal imaging, and therapy. This reviewprovides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in utilizingrare earth contrast agents for enhancing PAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":"4 8","pages":"1629–1645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}