Thales Augusto Fagundes;Guilherme Henrique Favaro Fuzato;Rafael Fernando Quirino Magossi;Ana Laís Rui Oliveira;Ricardo Quadros Machado
{"title":"A Design of a Redundancy-Based Cascaded Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Improved Reliability in Energy Storage Devices","authors":"Thales Augusto Fagundes;Guilherme Henrique Favaro Fuzato;Rafael Fernando Quirino Magossi;Ana Laís Rui Oliveira;Ricardo Quadros Machado","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3446911","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3446911","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a redundancy-based cascaded bidirectional dc/dc converter designed to interface battery energy storage system (BESS) units. With the employment of this topology, its reliability is increased due to redundancy in power conversion, which differs from conventional structures formed by dc/dc converters that cannot process power flow when a fault occurs. Thus, the topology is provided merging the cascaded bidirectional Boost converter and cascaded bidirectional Cuk converter. Subsequently, the coupled mathematical model of the proposed topology can be readily calculated, considering all feasible (different) subcircuits according to the switching pattern. Therefore, small-signal analysis is applied to design the PI controllers, followed by a closed-loop performance evaluation using an infinity norm and stability analysis to assess the operation of the dc/dc converter in closed loop for different values of load and current references. Finally, a lab-scale prototype and a hardware-in-the-loop setup prove the effectiveness of the dc/dc converter working in various scenarios and also operating with the traditional SoC-based droop for balancing the BESS units.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"898-915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gernot Steindl;Tobias Schwarzinger;Katrin Schreiberhuber;Fajar J. Ekaputra
{"title":"Toward Semantic Event-Handling for Building Explainable Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Gernot Steindl;Tobias Schwarzinger;Katrin Schreiberhuber;Fajar J. Ekaputra","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3447001","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3447001","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of cyber-physical systems (CPS), understanding system behaviors is crucial for ensuring reliability, efficiency, and trust. However, due to the increasing complexity of the modern CPS, gaining such understanding is becoming more challenging. In this article we provide a foundation for explaining system behavior through detected system events. To this end, the article proposes a technology-agnostic, semantic event-handling module to address the challenge of enhancing explainability within CPS. This module is designed to be part of the common architecture for Explainable CPS and, therefore, can be integrated seamlessly into existing CPS frameworks by providing different interfaces to access detected events. Two case studies in the smart building and smart grid domain are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the approach, utilizing an open-source software stack for the prototypical implementation. A qualitative evaluation of the proposed approach, based on the ISO/IEC 25010:2023, was used to analyze the software design. Our evaluation result shows that the semantic event-handling module is appropriate as a generic approach to handling events within a CPS. The module becomes a foundation for incorporating explainability into the system, which is needed as a foundation to ensure human trust and enable informed decision-making.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"928-945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Survey of Ontologies Considering General Safety, Security, and Operation Aspects in OT","authors":"Siegfried Hollerer;Thilo Sauter;Wolfgang Kastner","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3441112","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3441112","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) is deepening, amplifying the interconnectedness of operational, safety, and security demands within industrial automation systems. Lacking comprehensive guidance, risk managers often resort to manual solutions based on best practices or rely on domain experts, who usually offer insights limited to their specific areas of expertise. Given the intricate interplay among these domains, employing ontologies for knowledge representation could hold the key to capturing all necessary relationships and constraints for effective risk management processes. This study conducts a systematic mapping analysis of ontologies published over the past five years, focusing on at least one domain relevant to OT system risk management. Its objective is to categorize papers, offer a panoramic view of research themes and contributors, discern potential publication patterns, and identify research avenues based on a comprehensive review of these ontologies. Findings indicate a relatively stable research interest, with most publications presenting proof of concepts or initial experimental results for their ontological applications. This study establishes a foundation for classifying comprehensive OT ontologies and pinpoints unresolved issues that can steer future research efforts. It offers insights into the current state-of-the-art within this research area.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"861-885"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10632623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sruthi Pallathuvalappil;Rahul Kottappuzhackal;Alex James
{"title":"Explainable Model Prediction of Memristor","authors":"Sruthi Pallathuvalappil;Rahul Kottappuzhackal;Alex James","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3440578","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3440578","url":null,"abstract":"System level simulation of neuro-memristive circuits under variability are complex and follow a black-box neural network approach. In realistic hardware, they are often difficult to cross-check for accuracy and reproducible results. The accurate memristor model prediction becomes critical to decipher the overall circuit function in a wide range of nonideal and practical conditions. In most neuro-memristive systems, crossbar configuration is essential for implementing multiply and accumulate calculations, that form the primary unit for neural network implementations. Predicting the specific memristor model that best fits the crossbar simulations to make it explainable is an open challenge that is solved in this article. As the size of the crossbar increases the cross-validation becomes even more challenging. This article proposes predicting the memristor device under test by automatically evaluating the \u0000<italic>I–V</i>\u0000 behavior using random forest and extreme gradient boosting algorithms. Starting with a single memristor model, the prediction approach is extended to memristor crossbar-based circuits explainable. The performance of both algorithms is analyzed based on precision, recall, f1-score, and support. The accuracy, macro average, and weighted average of both algorithms at different operational frequencies are explored.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"836-846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10631696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AutomationML Meets Bayesian Networks: A Comprehensive Safety-Security Risk Assessment in Industrial Control Systems","authors":"Pushparaj Bhosale;Wolfgang Kastner;Thilo Sauter","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3439388","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3439388","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial control systems (ICSs) play a crucial role in the smooth operation of critical infrastructures, and their increasing complexity and interconnectedness necessitate integrating safety and security measures. Thus, an integrated risk assessment approach is essential to identify and address potential hazards and vulnerabilities. However, conducting such risk assessments becomes complex and challenging due to the difficulty in data availability. Acquiring data from various sources poses a significant hurdle. To address these challenges, automation markup language (AML) provides a standardized framework that facilitates the seamless exchange of engineering information. This article uses AML libraries and connection setup techniques to generate a valuable model of a single source of data for an integrated safety and security risk assessment. The automated risk assessment employs the AML model as a data source and the Bayesian belief network (BBN) as the risk assessment method. The value of risk associated with the system is calculated using the BBN models as the product of the probability of occurrence and severity. An evaluation of the proposed risk assessment method is also provided based on ISO 31000. AML's effectiveness as a valuable information model in meeting the growing need for comprehensive safety and security risk assessment in ICSs is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"823-835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10623880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Bujosa Mateu;Julian Proenza;Alessandro V. Papadopoulos;Thomas Nolte;Mohammad Ashjaei
{"title":"TALESS: TSN With Legacy End-Stations Synchronization","authors":"Daniel Bujosa Mateu;Julian Proenza;Alessandro V. Papadopoulos;Thomas Nolte;Mohammad Ashjaei","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3436590","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3436590","url":null,"abstract":"In order to facilitate the adoption of Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) by the industry, it is necessary to develop tools to integrate legacy systems with TSN. In this article, we propose a solution for the coexistence of different time domains from different legacy systems, each with its corresponding synchronization protocol, in a single TSN network. To this end, we experimentally identified the effects of replacing the communications subsystem of a legacy Ethernet-based network with TSN in terms of synchronization. Based on the results, we propose a solution called TALESS (TSN with Legacy End-Stations Synchronization). TALESS can identify the drift between the TSN communications subsystem and the integrated legacy devices (end-stations) and then modify the TSN schedule to adapt to the different time domains to avoid the effects of the lack of synchronization between them. We validate TALESS through both simulations and experiments on a prototype. We demonstrate that thanks to TALESS, legacy systems can synchronize through TSN and even improve features such as their reception jitter or their integrability with other legacy systems.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"807-822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10620612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Comprehensive Multiphysics Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Podded Propulsion in Marine Applications","authors":"Jang-Hyun Park;Yeon-Ho Jeong;Do-Kwan Hong","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3419133","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3419133","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the design and comprehensive multiphysics analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) intended for small electric podded propulsion systems in marine applications. Minimizing vibration related to underwater radiated noise (URN) and ensuring thermal stability to allow prolonged continuous operation are crucial aspects of propulsion motor design. To reduce URN, particular attention is given to the stator vibration mode order, determined by the slot/pole combination (SPC) of the PMSM. Structure-borne noise analysis is used to evaluate the equivalent radiated power level of three designed PMSMs with different stator vibration mode orders. One-way multiphysics analysis using finite element analysis (FEA) is performed in a water environment for the finally-selected PMSM with pod housing structure. URN generated from the electromagnetic force is predicted by structural-acoustics analysis. Through lumped-parameter thermal network (LPTN) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, it is proposed that, based on the cylindrical housing shape, the thermal stability of the podded propulsor can be evaluated using LPTN analysis instead of CFD analysis. A prototype motor is fabricated to validate the results obtained using FEA.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"1011-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10614771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ikhlaq Ahmed;Naima Iltaf;Rabia Latif;Nor Shahida Mohd Jamail;Zafran Khan
{"title":"Dual Modality Reverse Reranking (DM-RR) Based Image Retrieval Framework","authors":"Ikhlaq Ahmed;Naima Iltaf;Rabia Latif;Nor Shahida Mohd Jamail;Zafran Khan","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3435956","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3435956","url":null,"abstract":"Retrieval of a product with desired modifications from a vast inventory of online industrial platforms is frequently encountered in our daily life. This study presents a specialized framework to retrieve user's queried product with its desired changes incorporated. To facilitate interaction between the end-user and agent in such scenarios, a multimodal content-based image retrieval system is essential. The system extracts textual and visual attributes, combining them through inductive learning to a unified representation. It is based on an in-depth understanding of visual characteristics that are modified by textual semantics. Lastly, a novel reverse reranking (RR) algorithm arranges the joint representation of dual modality queries and their corresponding target images for efficient retrieval. The proposed framework is novel compared to earlier methodologies. First, it achieves successful fusion of two different modalities. Second, it introduces a RR algorithm in the inference stage for efficient retrieval. The proposed framework's enhanced performance has been assessed using the Fashion-200 K and MIT-States real-world benchmark datasets. The proposed system can be used in real-world applications subject to its practical implications, such as generalization to diverse domains, availability of domain specific data, nature of the data and queries, and availability of computational resources.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"886-897"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10614798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Sharida;Abdullah Berkay Bayindir;Sertac Bayhan;Haitham Abu-Rub
{"title":"Enhanced Inverse Model Predictive Control for EV Chargers: Solution for Rectifier-Side","authors":"Ali Sharida;Abdullah Berkay Bayindir;Sertac Bayhan;Haitham Abu-Rub","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3435862","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3435862","url":null,"abstract":"Inverse model predictive control (IMPC) is a control technique that was recently proposed for power electronic converters. IMPC inherits the advantages of model predictive control (MPC) in terms of ability to handle complex and nonlinear systems and achieving multiple control objectives, while adhering to various constraints. Unlike MPC, IMPC offers a significantly reduced computational burden by omitting the iterative computations of the cost functions and states predictions. Nevertheless, both IMPC and MPC rely significantly on the dynamic model of the power converter. This makes them susceptible to uncertainties and disturbances. This article presents a novel technique to enhance the reliability and robustness of the IMPC for electric vehicle chargers by treating the converter's dynamic model as a black box. Then, an adaptive estimation strategy employing a recursive least square algorithm is proposed for online dynamic model estimation, which is then used by the IMPC for optimal switching states prediction. The key benefit of the proposed technique is the utilization of an accurate and real-time estimated dynamic model, which facilitates a reliable states prediction by the IMPC. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through extensive simulations and experimental validation for a three-phase three-level T-type rectifier.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"795-806"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10614823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ignacio Álvarez-Gariburo;Héctor Sarnago;José M. Burdío;Oscar Lucia
{"title":"A Versatile Switched-Mode Large-Signal GaN-Based Low-Distortion Arbitrary Waveform Generator","authors":"Ignacio Álvarez-Gariburo;Héctor Sarnago;José M. Burdío;Oscar Lucia","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3434442","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3434442","url":null,"abstract":"In a multitude of industrial and biomedical applications, the need for arbitrary waveform generators is essential, serving the purpose of load characterization and excitation, among others. Historically, these generators have had limitations in terms of voltage, current, and frequency output, primarily related with constraints associated with the power devices and circuit topologies. However, notable advancements in semiconductor technology have introduced a new era, enabling the creation of highly versatile waveform generators capable of superior performance, and extended operational capabilities. In this article, a versatile AWG based on switched modules is proposed. In contrast to the previous ones, whose implementation was based on linear amplifiers, it enables arbitrary waveform generation, higher efficiency, and very low output impedance. In addition, it is also presented as a novelty that the voltage in each of the modules is different, following a digital to analog converter (DAC) structure, which allows us to obtain a lower total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output waveform than with conventional methods. The design will take advantage of wide band gap devices to be able to switch in the MHz range to achieve a high bandwidth. Furthermore, in addition to the design and implementation of a high-performance generator, a comparative analysis between the conventional and the proposed DAC-based modulation pattern is performed based on a comparative analysis of the THD and switching losses.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"769-780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10613446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}