{"title":"Design of Integrated Hybrid Configuration of Modular Multilevel Converter and Marx Generator to Generate Complex Waveforms for Dielectric Testing of Grid Assets","authors":"Dhanashree Ashok Ganeshpure;Thiago Batista Soeiro;Mohamad Ghaffarian Niasar;Nitish Milind Kulkarni;Pavol Bauer;Peter Vaessen","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3368957","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3368957","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new configuration of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) and a Marx generator to generate fast-rising impulse waveforms. This new configuration improves the capabilities of the MMC-based high voltage arbitrary wave shape generator to generate fast-rising impulse since the MMC topology faces many inherent limitations. Similar to the conventional superimposed circuit of the ac transformer or dc rectifier circuit with the Marx generator, three hybrid circuits of MMC and the Marx generator are introduced, where the most optimal choice is made considering the practical aspects of testing, such as the size, cost, and preparation time. Then, a detailed analytical study is performed on the Marx generator circuit and the MMC circuit, and both circuits are coupled together to deliver a complete guideline on choosing various system parameters when the impulse wave shape and the load capacitor are given. The concept of this new hybrid configuration is demonstrated with a scaled-down prototype where the impulse with a rise time of 1 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000s is superimposed on different arbitrary wave shapes. Similarly, the MATLAB-Simulink simulation model validates the proposed configuration for a \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$200 ,mathrm{k}mathrm{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 dc link voltage and 67 submodules with the desired impulse performance.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"170-184"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10443765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Aboelhassan;Shuo Wang;Giampaolo Buticchi;Vasyl Varvolik;Michael Galea;Serhiy Bozhko
{"title":"Modulated Model Predictive Speed Controller for PMSM Drives Employing Voltage-Based Cost Function","authors":"Ahmed Aboelhassan;Shuo Wang;Giampaolo Buticchi;Vasyl Varvolik;Michael Galea;Serhiy Bozhko","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3368568","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3368568","url":null,"abstract":"Various electrical drive systems have widely implemented the classical cascaded field-oriented control (FOC) topology, including speed loop, current loop, and modulation. On the other hand, modulated model predictive control (M\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000PC) has been employed recently for different applications for faster dynamic response and better power quality. The FOC topology's speed and current control loops can be merged to simplify the control system structure and improve the system dynamics. Therefore, a noncascaded speed loop controller employing M\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000PC for permanent magnet synchronous motors is introduced. The required simulation work has been developed to analyze the algorithm performance compared to proportional integral (PI), noncascaded model predictive control, and M\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000PC controllers. In addition, it has been applied practically through a dedicated testing rig, and results are investigated showing its merits including harmonic content, dynamic behavior, and robustness against parameter mismatch.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10443480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability Analysis and Active Damping Design for Grid-Forming Converters in LC Resonant Grids","authors":"SHIYI LIU;Heng Wu;Xiongfei Wang;Theo Bosma;Ganesh Sauba","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3366290","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3366290","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a small-signal model of grid-forming (GFM) converters that takes into account the presence of ac shunt capacitors in the power grid is presented. It is revealed that the inclusion of shunt ac capacitors in GFM converters leads to the emergence of two new resonant peaks in the loop gain of the active power control (APC) loop, in addition to the fundamental-frequency resonant peak that was previously identified in literature. Further analysis based on the equivalent APC considering P/Q coupling has confirmed the same destabilization effect of ac shunt capacitors by introducing two extra resonant peaks. Based on the insight, it is suggested that the active damping control needs to be adapted to effectively dampen all three resonant peaks to ensure the stable operation of GFM converters. Finally, simulations and real-time simulations are carried out to corroborate the theoretical findings.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10438013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual Synchronous Machine Control for Doubly Fed Induction Machine-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems","authors":"ANDRE THOMMESSEN;Christoph Michael Hackl","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3366082","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3366082","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable inverter-based resources (IBRs), such as wind energy conversion systems (WSs), replace directly grid-connected synchronous machines (SMs). Standard grid-following (GFL) control of IBRs decreases the power system inertia. This article proposes virtual synchronous machine (VSM)-based grid-forming (GFM) control for doubly fed induction machine (DFIM)-based WSs with the following extensions: feedforward torque control (FTC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), MPPT compensation for accurate inertia emulation, reference power point tracking to provide energy reserves, dynamic droop saturation control to mitigate power overloading, and grid voltage control utilizing DFIM stator and rotor-side back-to-back inverter reactive power. The WSs are integrated into the IEEE 9-bus test system. Comprehensive simulation results give insights into (V)SM-based power system dynamics. Compared with existing VSM control without FTC, the proposed FTC increases the wind energy yield, i.e., typical MPPT performance is achieved, similar to GFL control. For high power penetration of IBRs, the proposed VSM control enables stable operation due to its GFM capability, whereas GFL control tends to instability. The VSM provides higher power system damping than a real SM due to adaptable internal damping. If wind power reserves are available, the fast VSM droop control provides additional damping by adapting the virtual turbine power without the dominant delays of real turbine dynamics.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"264-301"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Imbalance Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter With Distributed Energy Systems","authors":"Tomas Salvadores;Javier Pereda;Félix Rojas","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3361167","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3361167","url":null,"abstract":"The modular multilevel converter (MMC) can integrate distributed energy systems (DES), such as a battery energy storage system, to expand its functionalities and carry out multiple simultaneous tasks. However, a DES induces power imbalances within the MMC, which affects the operating currents and voltages of the converter. This phenomenon has been partially covered in recent works, but an analytical analysis has not yet been carried out to see the behavior and implications in different MMC-DES applications. This article introduces a novel analytical analysis of the power imbalances between MMC clusters. It pioneers the development of general equations and imbalance capability metrics, enabling the assessment of maximum currents and voltages supported by the MMC clusters. The developed tools allow the evaluation of any MMC-DES application regarding the current and voltage rating requirements of MMC clusters. The analysis shows that the MMC operating mode can substantially restrain or enlarge its imbalance capacity, affecting its suitability for different DES applications. While it needs around 33% current overrating in the worst imbalances, under some operating modes it can reach most imbalances without requiring current overrating. The ac compensation mode is much more capable of achieving imbalances than the dc compensation mode, reaching 88.37% and 16.74% of the imbalance points, respectively, without requiring any overrating.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"109-121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10433267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic Synthesis of Recurrent Neurons for Imitation Learning From CNC Machine Operators","authors":"Hoa Thi Nguyen;Roland Olsson;Øystein Haugen","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3363500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3363500","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing time series data in industrial settings demands domain knowledge and computer science expertise to develop effective algorithms. AutoML approaches aim to automate this process, reducing human bias and improving accuracy and cost-effectiveness. This article applies an evolutionary algorithm to synthesize recurrent neurons optimized for specific datasets. This adds another layer to the AutoML framework, targeting the internal structure of neurons. We developed an imitation learning control system for an industry CNC machine to enhance operators' productivity. We specifically examine two recorded operator actions: adjusting the engagement rates for linear feed rate and spindle velocity. We compare the performance of our evolved neurons with support vector machine and four well-established neural network models commonly used for time series data: simple recurrent neural networks, long-short-term-memory, independently recurrent neural networks, and transformers. The results demonstrate that the neurons evolved via the evolutionary approach exhibit lower syntactic complexity than LSTMs and achieve lower error rates than other networks. They yield error rates 270% lower for the first operation action, while the error rates are 20% lower for the second action. We also show that our evolutionary algorithm is capable of creating skip-connections and gating mechanisms adapted to the specific characteristics of our dataset.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"91-108"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10423805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aswani Radhakrishnan;Jushnah Palliyalil;Sreeja Babu;Anuar Dorzhigulov;Alex James
{"title":"PyMem: A Graphical User Interface Tool for Neuromemristive Hardware–Software Co-Design","authors":"Aswani Radhakrishnan;Jushnah Palliyalil;Sreeja Babu;Anuar Dorzhigulov;Alex James","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3363093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3363093","url":null,"abstract":"The hardware implementation of neuromorphic system requires energy and area-efficient hardware. Memristor-based hardware architectures is a promising approach that naturally mimics the switching behavior of the neuron models. However, to build complex neural systems, it is a tedious process to select the right memristor models and architectures that are suitable to be used in a range of realistic conditions. To simplify the design and development of neuromemristive architectures, we present a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) called “PyMem” that uses Keras Python to implement multiple memristor models on multiple neural architectures that can be used to analyze their working under a wide range of hardware variability. Without the need for programming, the GUI provides options for adding variability to the memristors and observing the neural network behavior under realistic conditions. The tool has options to characterize the ideal (software) and nonideal (hardware) for performance analysis including accuracy, precision, recall, and relative current error values.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10423246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139916626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awungabeh Flavis Akawung;Besong John Ebot;Yasutaka Fujimoto
{"title":"Airflow Cooling Mechanism for High Power-Density Permanent Magnet Motor","authors":"Awungabeh Flavis Akawung;Besong John Ebot;Yasutaka Fujimoto","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3360509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3360509","url":null,"abstract":"High power-density electric machines present the benefits of high torque and speed. However, this generally comes with heating problems characterized by high temperatures that affect performance. Conventional approaches to address overheating are to include cooling fans or jackets within the stator core of the machine. This approach is challenging to implement in small-size high power-density machines. In this article, a cooling mechanism integrated in the rotor of a high power-density permanent magnet motor is proposed. It comprises a set of six holes, shrouded within a hollow shaft. The mechanism is based on conditioning air due to a centrifugal force that is produced by the rotational speed of the rotor from the inlet. A theoretical model based on flow resistance network is proposed to analyze the airflow rate. An analytical thermal model based on lumped parameter thermal network is developed to analyze the effect of the flow rate on the temperature distribution in the motor. Also, a simulation analysis model was conducted using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the effect of air flowing in the motor. An experimental prototype is developed to verify, validate, and evaluate the proposed cooling model. The cooling system is effective in reducing temperatures from speeds above 6000 min\u0000<sup>−1</sup>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10417077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139908592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhitai Liu;Xinghu Yu;Weiyang Lin;Juan J. Rodríguez-Andina
{"title":"Iterative Learning Observer-Based High-Precision Motion Control for Repetitive Motion Tasks of Linear Motor-Driven Systems","authors":"Zhitai Liu;Xinghu Yu;Weiyang Lin;Juan J. Rodríguez-Andina","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3359951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3359951","url":null,"abstract":"Repetitive motion is one of the most common motion tasks in linear motor (LM)-driven system. The LM performs repetitive motion based on a periodic target trajectory under control, thus leading to periodic characteristics in certain system uncertainties. For this type of task, this article proposes an iterative learning observer-based high-precision motion control scheme that comprehensively considers high-accuracy model compensation and periodic uncertainties estimation. A recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm-based indirect adaptation strategy is used to achieve high-accuracy parameter estimation and model compensation. A saturated constrained-type iterative learning observer is designed to effectively estimate and compensate for periodic uncertainties. The closed-loop stability of the system is guaranteed in the presence of both periodic and nonperiodic uncertainties due to the composite adaptive robust control design. Comparative experiments are conducted on an LM-driven motion platform to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control scheme. Furthermore, the experimental results confirm the enhancement of both the transient and steady-state performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"54-66"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10416358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niklas Monzen;Florian Stroebl;Herbert Palm;Christoph M. Hackl
{"title":"Multiobjective Hyperparameter Optimization of Artificial Neural Networks for Optimal Feedforward Torque Control of Synchronous Machines","authors":"Niklas Monzen;Florian Stroebl;Herbert Palm;Christoph M. Hackl","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3356721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3356721","url":null,"abstract":"Multiobjective hyperparameter optimization is applied to find optimal artificial neural network (ANN) architectures used for optimal feedforward torque control (OFTC) of synchronous machines. The proposed framework allows to systematically identify Pareto optimal ANNs with respect to multiple (partly) contradictory objectives, such as approximation accuracy and computational burden of the considered ANNs. The obtained Pareto optimal ANNs are trained and implemented on a realtime system and tested experimentally for a nonlinear reluctance synchronous machine against non-Pareto optimal ANN designs and a state-of-the-art OFTC approach. Finally, based on the most recent results from ANN approximation theory, guidelines for Pareto optimal ANN-based OFTC design and implementation are provided.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10411011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}