IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society最新文献

{"title":"Conceptualization of a DC-LVRT for PEM Electrolyzers: Experimental Validation of a Noninverting Buck–Boost Converter With Feedforward Mode-Transition Compensator","authors":"Abdelrahman M. Elhawash;Rui Esteves Araújo;João A. Peças Lopes","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3723997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3723997","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces and validates the concept of DC low-voltage ride-through (DC-LVRT) for critical DC loads through the utilization of a noninverting buck–boost converter (NIBBC), acting as a front-end converter in the DC power chain for powering polymer electrolyte membrane hydrogen electrolyzers. The objective of the control strategy for the NIBBC is to maintain a stable DC bus output even during severe input voltage disturbances, preventing protective shutdowns. The control scheme employs dual voltage-loop and single current-loop PI controllers, and a new feedforward mode-transition compensator designed to inject precise and fast duty support during sudden input voltage drops. A system-oriented model of the front-end and downstream conversion stages is developed as an equivalent load impedance for the controller design. An extensive stability and robustness analysis of the proposed strategy is presented and experimentally validated on a silicon-carbide-based prototype. The system was subjected to three disturbance profiles, operating the NIBBC in buck, buck–boost, and buck–boost marginal modes. Experimental results demonstrate that the control system maintains the output voltage within 20% of its 100-V reference, with recovery within 40 ms for all cases. The feedforward controller reduces voltage dips by up to 18%. A detailed hardware versus simulation analysis quantifies the impact of real-world imperfections on control performance, underscoring the importance of such considerations for reliable DC-LVRT implementation.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1327-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11655502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federated Learning Algorithm for Predicting the Reliability of NAND Flash Memory","authors":"Won-Jun Jang;Jong-Yoon Yoon;Jae-Min Park;Si-Hyeon Lee","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3731510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3731510","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we aim to develop an AI model that predicts the reliability of NAND flash memory, by estimating the number of error bits from its threshold voltage distribution (TVD). A federated learning setup is considered to train the model based on various TVD data according to the users' usage patterns or data characteristics, while protecting users' privacy. By leveraging server-side unlabeled TVD data, we propose a federated learning algorithm with a weighted ensemble distillation, to effectively deal with the users' heterogeneous TVD data. In particular, we introduce a self-supervised learning (SSL) task of reconstructing masked parts of the TVD data. This SSL task is effectively utilized to improve the estimation accuracy of the client models through multitask learning at the clients and also to measure the confidence of client's estimation in the ensemble distillation at the server. Our algorithm achieves a root mean square error of 4.43 bits and a mean percentage absolute accuracy of 98.68% in estimating the number of error bits.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1432-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11682785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEC 61850 for Smart-Grid Applications Beyond Substation Automation: A Structured Review of Architectures, Performance, and Open Challenges","authors":"Tarek Younis;Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail;S. M. Suhail Hussain","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3732453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3732453","url":null,"abstract":"The communication networks and systems for power utility automation (IEC 61850) has evolved from substation automation into a modeling and communication framework for distributed smart-grid operation. This survey reviews applications beyond substations, covering distributed energy resources, microgrids, electric vehicle infrastructure, wide-area monitoring, protection, and control, and intersubstation and control-center integration. This article contributes a taxonomy of application domains, a comparative matrix of reported communication and security ranges, and a context table specifying when such values can be compared. A four-layer framework (L1–L4) maps the transition from local area network-resident deterministic automation to wide-area network-mediated cross-domain operation using decision gates. The resulting synthesis identifies where IEC 61850 extensions are technically credible today and where lifecycle, timing, cybersecurity, and validation evidence remains insufficient for higher layer operation.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1543-1569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11684369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-Based Attack Detection for ROS 2 Robotic Systems: A Survey of Physics-Based Validation and Open Challenges","authors":"Eduardo Fraga Da Silva;Fendy Santoso;Lihong Zheng;Willy Susilo","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3731477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3731477","url":null,"abstract":"Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2)-based robotic systems face a distinctive security challenge: attacks that pass network-level checks can still violate the physical laws governing motion, sensing, and control. Physics-based detection addresses this gap by monitoring kinematic and dynamic invariants, including motor-level signals such as power balance and current–velocity correlations recently demonstrated on embedded controllers operating under real-time constraints. While such methods are well established in industrial cyber-physical systems, their application to the ROS 2 middleware stack and the heterogeneous mobile platforms it supports remains largely unexamined. This survey synthesizes research across industrial electronics, robotics, cybersecurity, and control theory through a structured review of 183 papers. The principal contributions are a unified attack taxonomy mapping each vector to its physics-based detectability, an analysis of how the decentralized data distribution service (DDS) architecture of ROS 2 complicates unified physics monitoring on resource-constrained hardware, and a prioritized research roadmap. Empirical case studies spanning control-invariant detection on embedded platforms, convolutional-neural-network-based motion recognition, and a ROS 2-native intrusion prevention system are comparatively evaluated. Physics-based validation emerges as a promising complement to conventional cyber defenses, though evidence from native ROS 2 deployments remains limited, and middleware-level integration of physics monitors on resource-constrained embedded platforms is identified as the key unresolved challenge.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1480-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11680531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of Dead-Time Effects in the FB-CCV Transformerless PV Inverter","authors":"Arnaldo O. Cunha;Filipe A. da C. Bahia;João P. R. A. Méllo;André P. N. Tahim;Fabiano F. Costa","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3733990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3733990","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes dead-time effects in the full-bridge inverter topology with constant common-mode voltage (FB-CCV) for transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) applications and proposes a modulation strategy to mitigate the resulting output-voltage distortions, common-mode transients, and power losses. Although midpoint-clamped transformerless inverters are designed to keep the common-mode voltage nearly constant, the mandatory dead time can force the grid current through the antiparallel diodes of the H-bridge switches, producing output-voltage spikes during freewheeling intervals. These transient states increase voltage stress, contribute to switching losses and can excite high-frequency leakage-current transients through the parasitic capacitance of the PV array. The proposed modulation preserves the appropriate freewheeling path during dead-time intervals by keeping the corresponding freewheeling switch active throughout each half-cycle and using the sign of the grid-voltage derivative to select the preferential clamping path. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy substantially suppresses these output-voltage spikes over the evaluated dead-time range. The proposed modulation also reduces the severity of high-frequency common-mode transients, lowers the high-frequency leakage-current contribution and decreases both the estimated semiconductor losses and the measured inverter-stage power losses. These results demonstrate that the proposed modulation mitigates dead-time-induced voltage distortions, attenuates high-frequency common-mode transient activity and reduces the power losses of the FB-CCV inverter.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1522-1542"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11690845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Active Disturbance Rejection Control With Differential Compensation and Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode and Application in Intake Pressure Systems","authors":"Zhuang Xu;Hehong Zhang;Xinghuo Yu;Chao Zhai;Gaoxi Xiao","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3688537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3688537","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the intake pressure control problem of aeroengines under transient-test conditions, where rapid airflow variations, strong measurement noise, and limited sampling frequency pose significant challenges to conventional active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)-based solutions. To this end, an enhanced ADRC scheme based on differential compensation extended state observer (DCESO) and nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC), referred to as NTSMC–DCESO, is proposed and implemented. In particular, to improve estimation accuracy and quickness of extended state observer, a Fast algorithm based tracking differentiator is adopted to filter the sensor signals and provide exact differential signals for the DCESO. In order to further enhance the response characteristic of the controller, the feedback control law is designed by combining the nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) surface and exponential approximation law. Experimental results demonstrate the outstanding effectiveness of the proposed NTSMC–DCESO scheme in both disturbance rejection ability and recovery rapidness. This control scheme is applied to address the current challenges in completing aeroengine transient tests, while also providing a promising prospect for application in other similar real-life systems.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"853-866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated PFC Forward Two-Switch Converter Operating in CCM With Active Low-Frequency Ripple Reduction and Auxiliary Demagnetization Circuit","authors":"Ismael Burgardt;Claudinor Bitencourt Nascimento;Alceu Andre Badin;Roger Gules","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3714394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3714394","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a boost high power factor rectifier integrated with a two-switch forward converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) at both the input and output. The use of overlapping PWM modulation is proposed to reduce the low-frequency ripple in the output voltage, enabling a significant reduction in the required capacitance and eliminating the need for electrolytic capacitors while maintaining high power factor operation. An auxiliary demagnetization circuit is introduced to ensure complete transformer demagnetization at the zero-crossing of the AC input voltage, where the duty cycle becomes large. The analysis of the performance improvement using Silicon Carbide (SiC) synchronous rectification at the converter output is also presented. A 500 W converter was implemented to validate the proposed solution, achieving a capacitance-to-power ratio of 0.164 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>F/W, an efficiency of 91.4%, a THD of 4.778%, a power factor of 0.9953, and a fast dynamic response of 2 ms at the converter output.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1220-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11613151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148626740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintainable Control Software Design Using Design Patterns in IEC 61499","authors":"Shubham Sharma;Lisa Sonnleithner;Rick Rabiser;Alois Zoitl","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3705534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3705534","url":null,"abstract":"Control software design in cyber-physical systems plays a vital role in ensuring maintainability and adaptability in response to evolving process requirements. Variability-aware designs facilitate the efficient integration of new functionalities and depend on the selected design elements and on the way these elements interact. Designers can enhance flexibility by applying design patterns and adopting alternative design elements when an existing design requires substantial modification effort. In IEC 61499, using discrete interfaces as a design element in function block (FB) implementations often incurs high effort due to numerous discrete connection instances and limited encapsulation. Complexity is further increased by implicit one-to-many connections among subsystems, which negatively affect system understandability and maintainability. This article analyzes two baseline implementations that follow pure service-oriented architecture (SOA) interaction patterns: choreography and orchestration, implemented in IEC 61499 using FBs with discrete interfaces. We then restructure these baseline implementations using design patterns and adapter interfaces, resulting in two new implementations with adapter interfaces and a hybrid interaction structure. We evaluate modification effort across three variability cases to quantify the changes required in the original and redesigned implementations. The results demonstrate a measurable reduction in modification effort and improvements in control software maintainability. Based on these findings, we derive guidelines to support practitioners in selecting suitable designs and interface strategies for a specific variability context in control software design.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1138-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11570863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148490142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Prediction and Anomaly Detection Using Statistical Thresholds and Satellite-Based Solar Data in Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"Michelle Melo Cavalcante;João Lucas de Souza Silva;João Frederico Souza de Paula;Juliana de Souza Granja Barros;Tárcio André dos Santos Barros","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3702813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3702813","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing scale and complexity of photovoltaic (PV) power plants require reliable and cost-effective monitoring strategies capable of identifying operational anomalies under diverse climatic conditions. However, a challenge in this context lies in the strong dependence of many existing approaches on high-quality local solar irradiance measurements, which are often unavailable, incomplete, or economically unfeasible in real-world PV installations. This article proposes an integrated methodology for PV power prediction and anomaly detection using satellite-based solar data combined with statistical thresholding techniques. Satellite-derived meteorological datasets are used to train supervised regression models to estimate PV power, which is subsequently employed as an external and physically consistent reference for anomaly detection. Monthly characteristic curves are constructed from the predicted power using statistical measures, enabling the definition of adaptive operating thresholds that account for seasonal and intraday variability. Anomalies are identified based on both statistical deviations from these dynamic limits and physically inconsistent behaviors between irradiance and measured power, such as power drops under increasing irradiance conditions. The methodology is evaluated using two independent satellite datasets with different temporal and spatial characteristics, allowing a comparative analysis of linear and tree-based machine learning models in terms of prediction accuracy, robustness, and explainability. In this way, results demonstrate that satellite-based power prediction provides a stable and scalable baseline for anomaly detection, particularly suitable for PV plants with limited instrumentation or without local irradiance sensors. The proposed approach effectively captures seasonal patterns of operational stress and distinguishes different types of anomalous behavior, offering a practical and interpretable solution for large-scale PV monitoring and performance assessment.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1019-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11558355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148495157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic-Aware Invertible Neural Networks for Explainable Estimation of Operational Parameters for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells","authors":"Souparna Saha;Shahin Alipour Bonab;Azadeh Kermansaravi;Wenjuan Song;Hani Vahedi;Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3732516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3732516","url":null,"abstract":"Practical design formulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is often target-driven, where the desired performance is specified and the corresponding system conditions must be identified. Yet, addressing such inverse task remains challenging, primarily because mapping the corresponding system conditions from the performance signatures is highly nonlinear, nonunique, and computationally expensive to solve, especially with repeated Multiphysics simulations or optimization loops. Traditional machine learning architectures tend to collapse multiple feasible solutions into a single estimate in an uninformed manner and are thus unable to represent the family of equally valid solutions. The present work proposes a characteristic-aware inverse mapping estimator (ChIME) for inverse PEMFC design. The framework first rejects nonphysical input signatures using a curve-shape classifier, then uses a conditional invertible neural network to learn a bijective map between performance characteristics and the underlying system parameter space to generate 10 000 posterior samples for each input. An informed down-selection strategy using clustering and forward-consistency evaluation recommends the most viable engineering decision for a given performance signature. Thus, estimates are obtained under learned representativeness and maximum forward-reconstructability. Our strategy provided a more stable posterior estimation, and achieved an overall R² of 86.02% and a percentage relative error of 11.20%, which outperformed the established maximum-a-posteriori by 21.82%. Further feature importance analysis shows that the recoverability of system parameters directly relates to their inverse feature sensitivities. Overall, ChIME offers a reliable, explainable, and efficient route for performance-driven estimations of PEMFC system parameters without needing exhaustive iterations on Multiphysics numerical models.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1457-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11684383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}