{"title":"Modeling and Proportional-Integral State Feedback Control of Fully Parallel Grid-Connected Inverters","authors":"Zhao Song;Simon Krüner;Christoph M. Hackl","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3557702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3557702","url":null,"abstract":"A novel three-phase grid-connected inverter topology with a split dc link and <italic>LC</i> filter is proposed. It allows for a full parallel connection of multiple inverters simultaneously on both the ac and dc sides, offering high modularity, redundancy, expandability, and overall system reliability. A generic dynamical system model is derived, considering the coupling effects between parallelized inverters, physical constraints, and varying grid impedance. A decentralized proportional-integral state feedback control (PI-SFC) with an extended Luenberger state observer is developed and compared with a conventional PI controller regulating inverter-side currents. A stability analysis shows that both closed-loop control systems remain stable even if an arbitrarily large number of inverters are connected in parallel. Simulations and experiments confirm the functionality and robustness of the closed-loop system under varying grid impedances and during grid faults. For the experimental results, the controllers were implemented on commercially available hardware of the proposed topology. In particular, the PI-SFC allows for better exploitation of the full power of the inverters due to its enhanced controller performance and damping ability. Besides, the exceptional match between simulation and experimental results proves the accuracy of the proposed system model as well.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"618-636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10948310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning Generalization for Quadrotor With Slung Load Systems Through Homogeneity Transformations","authors":"Abdel Gafoor Haddad;Igor Boiko;Yahya Zweiri","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3557206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3557206","url":null,"abstract":"Load transportation through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as quadrotors, has a high potential for quick deliveries to locations that are out of the reach of ground vehicles. The complexity of the pick-and-place procedure in such tasks increases if the target location does not have a clearance at the top, necessitating the use of recent learning-based controllers such as reinforcement learning (RL). This article presents a new concept of dual-scale homogeneity, a property defined by scaled magnitudes and time in transformed coordinates that remain independent of system parameters. It demonstrates that applying transformations to achieve this property ensures consistent performance of a quadrotor with a slung load system (QSLS) despite variations in its parameters. Furthermore, it also presents an effective approach to design a parameter-dependent RL policy that homogenizes the QSLS. Unlike plain RL or gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative controllers, which confine parameter variations within a predefined range encountered during training or tuning, the developed approach works under large parameter variations, significantly surpassing the performance of traditional controllers. The conducted experiments on load placement in a confined space, utilizing a quadrotor to manage load swing, proved the proposed synergy between the homogeneity transformations and RL, yielding a success rate of 96% in bringing the load to its designated target with a 3-D RMSE of 0.0253 m.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"560-574"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio Nevoloso;Salvatore Foti;Gioacchino Scaglione;Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso;Salvatore De Caro;Antonio Testa;Rosario Miceli
{"title":"On the Inadequacy of IEC 60034-2-3 and IEC 60034-30-2 Standards for Power Losses, Efficiency and Energy Class Evaluation in PWM Multilevel Inverter-Driven PMSM","authors":"Claudio Nevoloso;Salvatore Foti;Gioacchino Scaglione;Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso;Salvatore De Caro;Antonio Testa;Rosario Miceli","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3574857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3574857","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to highlight the inadequacy of international standards IEC 60034-2-3 and IEC 60034-30-2 for accurate efficiency, power losses, and efficiency class determination of ac motors fed by multilevel inverters driven with multicarrier pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies. The main motivation of this work stems from the fact that international standards IEC 60034-2-3 and IEC 60034-30-2 prescribe the use of the two-level voltage source inverter for ac motor losses, efficiency, and efficiency class determination, even for multilevel-inverter-fed ac motor. Therefore, this analysis aims to experimentally demonstrate IEC standards inadequacy, emphasizing the need to update them and provide a comprehensive framework for developing a power measurement procedure, specifically tailored to multilevel inverter-fed ac drives. More specifically, the goal is to support standardization bodies by simplifying their task and enabling IEC standards generalization to almost every multicarrier PWM-controlled multilevel inverter-fed ac drive. To this end, an accurate power loss analysis of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by a five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter, controlled with several multicarrier PWMs, is carried out. In detail, a precise power analysis in the frequency domain is performed to evaluate the impact of modulation strategies on motor power losses at different operating points in the speed–torque plane in terms of power losses, fundamental, and harmonic power losses. The motor power losses obtained with a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter are compared to those obtained with a conventional two-level voltage source inverter, demonstrating that the application of IEC 60034-2-3 and IEC 60034-30-2 provides an underestimated motor energy efficiency class (IE-code).","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"962-981"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11017640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Marcus S. Callegari;Lucas S. Araujo;Danilo I. Brandao
{"title":"Selective Power Control in Grid-Connected AC Microgrids","authors":"João Marcus S. Callegari;Lucas S. Araujo;Danilo I. Brandao","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3575020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3575020","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of nonlinear loads (NLLs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in low-voltage grids poses challenges to power quality and grid hosting capacity (GHC). This article proposes a centralized multimode selective power control strategy for grid-connected ac microgrids (MGs) that does not require prior knowledge of MG parameters. The strategy enhances GHC and power quality across multiple MG nodes through coordinated control in two nonsimultaneous modes. In the centralized mode, a generalized power-based control algorithm enables selective harmonic/distortion power dispatch. This formulation improves disturbance rejection and accuracy in point of common coupling (PCC) power tracking. For the first time, feedback, feedforward, and disturbance decoupling actions are applied to distortion/harmonic power in MGs. In the decentralized mode, harmonic current compensation (HCC) is achieved without communication links, reducing data traffic via a selective voltage-detection-based approach. The proposed strategy enables (i) resistive load synthesis at the PCC to damp upstream grid resonances, (ii) sinusoidal current synthesis (SCS) for current quality enhancement and compliance with standards, and (iii) HCC based on voltage measurements to improve voltage quality at internal nodes. Comprehensive simulations evaluate reference tracking, disturbance rejection, grid short-circuit level effects, and mode transitions. Results show that in decentralized mode, PCC voltage THD improved from 10.65% to 1.09% under weak grids. In centralized mode, with SCS up to the 11th harmonic, PCC current THD was reduced from 61.18% to 3.42% under stiff grids. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of implementation in real MGs.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"938-961"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11017508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Misalignment-Tolerant AUV-Capable Magnetic Coupler for Underwater Wireless Charging Systems","authors":"Chi-Fong Ieong;Hou-Wa Wong;Io-Wa Iam;Chi-Seng Lam","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3556244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3556244","url":null,"abstract":"In the underwater environment, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have seen substantial use in the submarine environment. To avoid surfacing the AUV for recharging, magnetic coupler (MC)-embedded docking stations and AUVs for underwater wireless charging have attracted much attention in recent years. In this article, we propose a misalignment-tolerant, light-weighted, AUV-capable MC structure for underwater wireless charging applications. With the proposed design, the MC can provide a relatively stable coupling even under various types of coil misalignment. We also provide an analytical method to estimate the mutual inductance of the proposed MC under different positions. Simulations on the MC design are performed by using ANSYS Maxwell to evaluate its performance under different misalignment scenarios. To verify the viability of the proposed MC in an inductive power transfer system, a 750-W wireless charging experimental prototype was built in the laboratory with the proposed MC design. With a light-weighted and compact receiver of 320 g and 110 cm<sup>3</sup>, the system can achieve a maximum efficiency of 93.1%. Even under different coils’ axial, rotational, and off-center misalignment scenarios, the measured system efficiency is over 92%.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"548-559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10945652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A-Source-Based Half-Bridge Inverter: Analysis, Design, and Implementation","authors":"Mohammadamin Aalami;Ebrahim Babaei;Saeid Ghassem Zadeh","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3574190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3574190","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a new half-bridge inverter that employs Z-source technology to achieve a high boost factor without blocking high voltage on passive or active devices. This configuration includes the coupled inductors shaped in the A-source form, which is why the proposed topology is referred to as an A-source-based half-bridge inverter. The operation modes of the proposed topology are analyzed based on the states of diodes and switches in each state. The boost factor, average currents, and voltages related to the passive components are calculated, and equations are derived to estimate the size of required inductors and capacitors and the ratings of the switches and diodes. Furthermore, the topology’s efficiency is analyzed through power loss studies. A comparison of the proposed topology with past configurations reveals its advantages and disadvantages, demonstrating its capacity to provide a high boost factor while having superior specifications than some of them. Finally, an experimental sample of the proposed topology is tested in the laboratory to ensure proper operation and to compare its power losses and efficiency with other past works.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"1014-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11016201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah Berkay Bayindir;Ali Sharida;Sertac Bayhan;Haitham Abu-Rub
{"title":"Enhanced Inverse Model Predictive Control for EV Chargers: Solution for DC–DC Side","authors":"Abdullah Berkay Bayindir;Ali Sharida;Sertac Bayhan;Haitham Abu-Rub","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3553061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3553061","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an approach for enhancing the reliability and robustness of electric vehicle (EV) chargers, particularly the dc–dc side of the EV chargers, by using the inverse model predictive control (IMPC). IMPC, a recently introduced control method for power electronic converters, leverages the strengths of model predictive control (MPC), while minimizing its computational burden. IMPC excels in managing sophisticated and nonlinear systems, controlling multiple objectives, and adhering to various constraints. However, the effectiveness of conventional IMPC is heavily dependent on the accurate dynamic model of the power converter. This dependency makes IMPC susceptible to uncertainties and disturbances. To address this challenge, the proposed method employs an adaptive estimation strategy utilizing a recursive least square algorithm for online dynamic model estimation. This real-time estimated model enables IMPC to predict optimal switching states with improved reliability. The proposed control technique is designed to provide constant power, constant current, and constant voltage modes, with the ability to seamlessly transition between them. The efficacy of this technique is demonstrated through extensive simulations and experimental validation for a dual active bridge (DAB) converter. This adaptive method underscores the potential of IMPC for practical EV charging scenarios, ensuring reliable and high-performance charging.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"478-490"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10935818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of the Double-Cage Model for Three-Phase Induction Machines Using Decision Tree-Based Algorithms","authors":"Eduardo Ferreira Rios Oliveira;Rafael Santos;Marcelo Godoy Simões;Helmo Morales Paredes","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3572372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3572372","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel methodology for estimating the double-cage model (DCM) for three-phase induction machines (TIMs) using decision tree-based algorithms. Validated on a diverse dataset of 860 machines spanning a power range from 0.12 to 370 kW, the proposed method stands out by requiring fewer input parameters than traditional techniques like the modified Newton method. Moreover, the proposed approach remains effective even when the input data exhibits statistical deviations, a common challenge in practical scenarios. The main contributions of this work are the reduction of the number of parameters necessary for the estimation of the DCM equivalent circuit and employing three distinct decision tree-based algorithms, whose effectiveness was confirmed through simulations and experimental tests, thereby providing an accurate representation of the dynamics of real TIMs. The results indicate that by using only basic and readily available data from machine nameplates, such as nominal current, power, speed, voltage, and torque, the proposed methodology provides a reliable and efficient framework for incorporating the real dynamics of TIMs into computational models.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"915-926"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11010148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thierry A. Meynard;Hugues Renaudineau;Polidoro S. Canales;Samir Kouro;Diego Concha;Ana M. Llor;Maurice Fadel;Henri Schneider
{"title":"TransformerLess Partial Voltage DC–DC Converter With Double Power Processing Capacity","authors":"Thierry A. Meynard;Hugues Renaudineau;Polidoro S. Canales;Samir Kouro;Diego Concha;Ana M. Llor;Maurice Fadel;Henri Schneider","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3572429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3572429","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of partial power converters is promising since it might bring significant cost, weight, volume, and power losses reduction. However, most partial power converters presented in the literature include a high-frequency transformer to redirect power from one part of the circuit to another, which adds cost, weight, volume and losses, and cancels out most of the potential advantages introduced by the partiality concept. In this article two variants of a transformerless partial voltage converter capable of supplying twice the power of conventional converters are described and analyzed. These converters can be used for applications in which the load voltages can be split into several sub-voltages of similar characteristics, which makes it typically applicable to batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers and LEDs. Two main conditions are required to use these topologies: first, the voltage across the load needs to be controlled in a limited range only, typically [50%;100%] or less, and second, it must be possible to split easily the load voltages in several smaller dc voltages. Nevertheless, these restrictions still allow a wide range of possible applications including electrochemical loads such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and even PV systems. Their main properties are analyzed and confirmed by experimental results. The lack of transformer and the partial power processing capabilities of the topologies result in extremely high efficiencies of over 99%.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"927-937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11010103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating FPGA-Based Acceleration in Industrial Motion Control System","authors":"Claudio Rubattu;Antonio Ledda;Francesco Ratto;Chaitanya Jugade;Dip Goswami;Francesca Palumbo","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3571218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3571218","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing processes increasingly depend on advanced production machinery that must deliver high quality and large volumes. This applies to die-bonding machines as well that, especially at the time being after the years of shortage, need to meet very high standards of speed and accuracy. To achieve this, these devices are exploring the use of computer vision algorithms for automatic recognition of wafer positioning and die size. Nevertheless, these systems are typically managed by software-only solutions, which may fall short under stringent execution time requirements. A promising solution is the use of heterogeneous platforms, combining general-purpose processors with reconfigurable hardware. Such platforms offer the flexibility to handle both software tasks, which benefit from operating system support, and critical functions requiring hardware acceleration. This article presents a closed-loop implementation of a vision-based multisensor control system for an industrial application. The implementation exploits the capabilities of system on module technologies to provide flexible input/output and software execution coupled with computing acceleration for the vision algorithm on the reconfigurable field-programmable gate array (FPGA) fabric. The FPGA coprocessor has been designed leveraging the high-level synthesis technology and optimized on a dataset of 10 k realistic images to meet the industrial use case's performance, communication, and accuracy requirements. Moreover, the resulting accelerator performance and resource utilization demonstrate the possibility of reaching state-of-the-art metrics of handwritten hardware designs while allowing for higher abstraction and productivity of the design process.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"898-914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11006509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}