IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society最新文献

{"title":"Lightweight Virtualized Industrial Edge Runtime for Software-Defined Automation in Flexible Manufacturing Systems","authors":"Xinkai Zhang;Shang Gao;Bintao Yu;Wenbin Dai","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3732215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3732215","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial Internet and edge computing provide massive computing resources to legacy industrial automation systems. It also poses critical challenges in handling massive customization requirements. Due to high reconfiguration delays, existing automation systems cannot adapt to those changes in real-time. This article proposes a virtualized industrial edge runtime for software-defined automation systems with a lightweight architecture, rapid startup, fast application launch, and dynamic resource allocation. The proposed runtime system enables dynamic resource reconfiguration with a low memory footprint to address high deployment latency. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce response time and memory usage, thereby meeting real-time constraints for software-defined automation systems.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1507-1521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11683948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium-Frequency Transformer for SST Applications: Design and Optimization","authors":"Reza Mirzadarani;Leonardo Bolzonella;Zhengzhao Li;Zian Qin;Peter Vaessen;Pavol Bauer;Mohamad Ghaffarian Niasar","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3686030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3686030","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a downscaled validation of a medium-voltage, medium-frequency transformer (MFT) concept designed for high-current operation on the secondary side using multiple parallel paths. The design is based on a modular winding approach, which simplifies the construction process and conductor placement on the bobbin. A systematic design and optimization procedure is developed, combining analytical calculations and finite-element simulations to explore the mass–efficiency tradeoff and to select a candidate design that meets specified leakage inductance and loss targets. The developed prototype serves as a proof of concept, demonstrating that the electrical, magnetic, and insulation requirements of the full-scale MFT can be effectively verified at reduced power levels. The fabricated prototype is tested under short-circuit and partial discharge conditions. The impedance measurements confirmed the expected resonance behavior, and the partial discharge test results verified sufficient insulation performance under high-voltage stress. The results provide experimental evidence for the scalability and feasibility of the proposed transformer design and offer guidelines for the use of 3D-printed supports, grain-oriented electrical steel cores, and windings in medium-voltage, MFT systems for hydrogen production applications.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"797-810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11489166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Two-Stage Analytical Modeling Approach for Consequent-Pole Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines With Shaped Iron Poles","authors":"Vahid Zamani Faradonbeh;Mohammad Alaei Faradonbeh;Ebrahim Amiri;Amir Rashidi","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3692024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3692024","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analytical solution to simplify the complexity of the subdomain model in consequent-pole surface permanent magnet machines with shaped iron poles. The original two-dimensional (2-D) problem is reformulated into a two-stage process, comprising a 1-D analysis followed by a simplified 2-D problem with a single boundary condition. In the first stage, the radial flux density in the air gap is calculated using the magnetic equivalent circuit for the permanent magnet field and the winding function method for the armature reaction. The effect of stator slots in the radial flux is modeled using the flux path function method, while the influence of the nonuniform air gap, caused from the shaped poles, is captured through an appropriate analytical function. In the second stage, the tangential flux density is derived by solving a 2-D Laplace equation, subject to only a single boundary condition. The effect of stator slots on the tangential flux is accounted for using virtual surface currents placed along the lateral sides of the stator slots. The proposed hybrid approach reduces computational time while maintaining high accuracy, as confirmed through comparison with the subdomain model, finite element analysis, and experimental testing on the fully developed, production-ready version of the motor intended for the kitchen hood application.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"879-891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11517478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148003548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Visual Servoing for Quadruped Robots: ISS-Based Target Tracking With Secondary Formation Objectives","authors":"Christian P. Carvajal;Fernando A. Chicaiza;José Varela-Aldás;Víctor H. Andaluz;Flavio Roberti;Emanuel Slawiñski;Ricardo Carelli","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3675412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3675412","url":null,"abstract":"This workpresents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a visual servo control scheme formulated at the task-space level and applied to a quadruped robot equipped with an active two degree of freedom (2DoF) vision system for continuous tracking of moving targets. The proposed controller is based on a differential kinematic model that maps the robot’s task-space velocity references to the kinematic evolution of the active vision system, incorporating a target velocity estimator that enables dynamic compensation of the target motion projected onto the image plane. The control architecture exploits the kinematic redundancy of the robotic system to simultaneously address multiple control objectives within a hierarchical framework. The primary task ensures target centering in the image plane, thereby maintaining visibility within the robot’s field of view, while the secondary task regulates relative formation by controlling the distance and orientation between the robot and the target. Quadruped locomotion is handled by a low-level gait controller and is not modified by the proposed scheme. Closed-loop stability is rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov theory, demonstrating Input-to-State Stability properties in the presence of bounded disturbances. Simulation and real-world experimental results obtained with the Unitree Go2 robot confirm the robustness and stability of the proposed approach for dynamic visual tracking in realistic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"608-624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11442666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Stability Analysis of the ISOP-Type Cascaded Hydrogen Converter","authors":"Rui Zhou;Fei Xiao;Jilong Liu;Yufan Li;Shanxu Duan","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3696708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3696708","url":null,"abstract":"The input-series output-parallel (ISOP) cascaded hydrogen converter is a key device for interfacing the medium-voltage DC bus with the electrolyzers in off-grid hydrogen production systems. However, existing ISOP cascaded hydrogen converters are unable to simultaneously meet the comprehensive performance requirements, including wide input voltage range, high reliability, broad output power regulation capability, and the ability to supply power to multiple electrolyzers concurrently. Moreover, the stability analysis based on the closed-loop two-port small-signal model (CTSM), as well as the impact of multiple controller gains on system stability, has not been thoroughly investigated. To address these issues, this article proposes a novel two-stage ISOP cascaded converter topology along with a stability analysis method. First, the CTSMs are developed for both the switched-capacitor submodules and the output-stage phase-shift full-bridge converter interfaced with three PEM electrolyzers. Based on these models, the closed-loop transfer functions are derived, and a set of new stability criteria grounded in the Nyquist Criterion are formulated. Furthermore, a systematic sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the influence of multiple controller gains on the proposed criteria, providing theoretical guidance for multiloop controller tuning in cascaded converters. The proposed stability evaluation method can be further extended to the stability assessment of the other two-stage cascaded converters. Finally, both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed stability assessment approach.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"936-950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11535129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltage Balancing in Series-Connected GaN Devices Using Scalable Transformer-Coupled Gate Driver","authors":"Sohrab Ghafoor;Reza Mirzadarani;Hitesh Dialani;Peter Vaessen;Mohamad Ghaffarian Niasar","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3699290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3699290","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a scalable transformer-coupled open-loop gate-driving technique that enables voltage balancing across series-connected GaN devices. High-voltage pulse generation with short rise times at kilovolt levels is a significant challenge. Conventional solid-state devices such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors and SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors, though capable of high blocking voltages, are limited in switching speed and cannot reach the nanosecond regime. Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) due to their lateral structure offer low gate charge and ability to switch faster than 50 V/ns, are an attractive potential candidate. However, due to their lateral architecture, GaN HEMTs also have limited voltage-blocking capability, with most commercially available GaN power devices rated up to approximately 650 V, limiting their direct use in fast high voltage waveform generation at kilo-volts level. Series-connecting GaN devices can overcome this limitation but introduces severe voltage-balancing challenges, as even minor gate-signal mismatch at nanosecond timescale can cause destructive imbalance. Conventional closed-loop balancing methods, are difficult to implement at GaN switching speeds due to feedback latency. This article presents a simple open loop technique for driving GaN devices in series with a transformer-coupled gate driver. The proposed gate drive ensures simultaneous turn-<sc>on</small>/<sc>off</small> with identical gate signals across all devices. An ultrafast full-bridge GaN based inverter excites wideband gate-drive transformers designed to preserve the ultrafast transition speeds of individual devices, while providing high-voltage isolation and near-equal voltage sharing establishing a scalable solution. Experimental results with two series-connected GaN HEMTs confirm nearly balanced voltage sharing at 1 kV across varying loads and currents.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"991-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11547817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Driven Matching Methodology for Enhanced MOV Current Sharing in DC Solid-State Circuit Breakers","authors":"Navid Hadifar;Shuyan Zhao;Inder Vedula;Lakshmi Ravi","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3713074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3713074","url":null,"abstract":"Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are widely used as the energy absorption branch in DC solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs), but reliable operation requires predictable current and energy sharing among paralleled MOV discs. This article proposes a low-effort, data-driven MOV selection workflow using a band-limited <italic>V–I</i> dataset to improve current sharing. One hundred MOV samples (560 V/22 kA V25S420P) are first measured nondestructively in the leakage to early clamping region (<120>V–I</i> curve to extract a compact, interpretable power-law model characterized by <italic>k</i> and β, which is subsequently normalized to form a consistent feature space. A sensitivity-weighted scoring metric is derived by emphasizing current regions relevant to SSCB stress (with dominant weight placed on the high-current band), yielding feature weights that prioritize <italic>k</i> over <italic>β</i>. In parallel, enhanced <italic>k</i>-means clustering sets the MOVs into similar groups, and within-cluster, score ranking is used to select tightly matched subsets for parallel connection. The approach is validated on an SSCB-oriented short-circuit high-current test bench (500 V, 21 μH, 900 A peak), showing that selected sets achieve substantially improved current sharing. Importantly, the proposed selection and matching workflow relies only on low-current SMU characterization, demonstrating practical capability with reduced measurement effort and without requiring a high-current test setup for screening and grouping. Starting from a 50.83% current-sharing mismatch among randomly selected MOVs, the proposed clustering method reduced the mismatch error to 5.9%, while the scoring method reduced it to 12.94%.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1187-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11606441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148626737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyapunov-Stable Neural Network Control for Position and Force Coordination in Delayed Bilateral Teleoperation Systems","authors":"Emanuel Slawiñski;Fernando A. Chicaiza;Francisco G. Rossomando;Vicente Mut;Javier Moreno-Valenzuela","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3710095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3710095","url":null,"abstract":"Stability and transparency are intrinsically coupled and must be addressed simultaneously in delayed bilateral teleoperation systems, where there is a fundamental tradeoff between ensuring closed-loop stability and achieving accurate force–position coordination. This challenge becomes particularly critical when interacting with remote environments under time-varying communication delays, since the human operator introduces nonlinear, time-varying, and often unpredictable dynamics into the closed-loop system. This article presents an adaptive neural-network (NN)-based compensation strategy embedded within a model-based control framework to enhance dual coordination in bilateral teleoperation. By combining classical control design with online NN adaptation, the proposed controller compensates for parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, interaction forces, and communication delays without requiring explicit models of the human operator or the remote environment. The adaptive structure enables real-time learning of unknown nonlinearities while preserving the stability guarantees provided by the underlying control architecture. A theoretical analysis of the closed-loop teleoperation system is developed, demonstrating stability in the presence of human-applied forces, environment interaction forces, and time-varying communication delays. Numerical simulations conducted on two-degrees-of-freedom manipulators validate the feasibility and practical viability of the proposed approach. Different explicit models of the human operator are considered in simulation to assess the sensitivity to operator dynamics. The results show that a bounded dual coordination of force and position is achieved under delayed communication regardless of the assumed operator model, supporting the potential application of the method in real-world teleoperation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1113-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11594931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148493023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GA-Based Binary Sparse Data-Driven Identification and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Diesel Engine Air-Path System","authors":"Kentaro Murakami;Shuichi Yahagi;Ansei Yonezawa;Heisei Yonezawa;Hiroki Seto;Shinya Kijimoto;Itsuro Kajiwara","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3730989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3730989","url":null,"abstract":"This research is on the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamic systems (SINDy) for the modeling of a diesel engine air-path system and its use in the nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC) of the air-path system. The proposed modeling strategy involves a binary optimization scheme based on genetic algorithm (GA) to promote model accuracy and sparsity. Prior studies have demonstrated the applicability of SINDy-based modeling using conventional sequentially thresholded least-squares (STLSQ) method for a diesel engine air-path system. This air-path system is a nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system of high degree. However, the modeling accuracy achieved by conventional STLSQ-based approach has been limited, particularly when the library is added with nonlinear terms of higher order. Therefore, this research proposes a new data-driven model discovery approach based on GA-based binary optimization and STLSQ with multiple thresholds, referred to as Binary-STLSQ-MT, to overcome the above limitations. As a result, Binary-STLSQ-MT successfully identified models using the library that include higher order terms, for which conventional STLSQ tends to suffer from numerical instability or divergence. It also achieved a higher coefficient of determination than the conventional approach, with approximately 2% improvement for <inline-formula><tex-math>${{y}_1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, when applied to NLMPC, the model identified by Binary-STLSQ-MT achieved superior control performance, reducing the NLMPC objective function values by approximately 57% compared with the conventional STLSQ-based model. These findings indicate that the proposed modeling approach substantially extends the practical applicability of SINDy to realistic nonlinear MIMO control problems.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1421-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11678118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barrier Function-Based Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control for Wireless Motor Systems with WPT-Motor Coupling","authors":"Youhao HU;Bowang Zhang;Weikang Hu;Wei Han","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2026.3733417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3733417","url":null,"abstract":"The wireless motor (WM) system has garnered significant interest in recent decades due to its merits of power isolation, enhanced mobility, and high reliability. However, the dynamic characteristics of WM systems are inherently complex owing to the interaction of wireless power transfer (WPT) part and the motor part. This complexity poses challenges for modeling and controller design, particularly in achieving robust speed tracking performance. To address this issue, this article develops a modeling approach based on dynamic-phasor approximation and dominant-pole simplification. The resulting model captures the system dynamics from the input to the terminal speed output while retaining the interaction between the WPT link and the motor. On this basis, a barrier function-based compensation and control framework is introduced to achieve accurate and robust speed tracking. The framework comprises a super-twisting observer for reconstructing matched and mismatched disturbances and a nonsingular terminal sliding-mode feedback controller for robust speed regulation without singularity. A parallel efficiency optimization channel is further incorporated to mitigate efficiency degradation under varying motor operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves better tracking performance than proportional–integral control and conventional sliding-mode control, while improving efficiency by up to 6.56% under the considered motor operating condition.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"1570-1583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11689672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}