Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina最新文献

{"title":"“Nuestra arma más sólida es nuestra religión” El terrorismo de Estado como Guerra Justa durante la dictadura argentina","authors":"Stephan Ruderer","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2015-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2015-0115","url":null,"abstract":"– This paper examines the religious legitimacy of violence during the last military dictatorship in Argentina. After discussing the theoretical literature on the relationship between religion and violence, it analyses the argumentation of the Argentine military elite and shows that part of the Argentine military considered the repression against their own people as a religious “Just War”. It is possible, during the last dictatorship, to talk about a religiously loaded violence, which meant that some of the Argentine generals really believed they behaved according to Christian standards. The article traces the origins of such a discourse for the most part to some influential conservative theologians or lay groups, such as Ciudad Católica, and the military clergy. These groups provided the Argentine generals with the theological background they needed in order to think about the catholic religion as their most “solid weapon” and to justify their violent repression with religious arguments.","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"52 1","pages":"271 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jesuitas bajo Pinochet Actitudes frente al orden político y a las violaciones de los derechos humanos","authors":"Antje Schnoor","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2015-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2015-0114","url":null,"abstract":"– The paper illuminates the attitudes of the Jesuits in Chile after the military coup in 1973. The Society of Jesus in Chile and especially the Jesuit journal Mensaje are known for their critical attitude towards the military regime under Augusto Pinochet. The paper brings into focus the first phase of Pinochet’s dictatorship and argues that the critical position towards the regime – similar to the attitude of the Episcopal Conference – did not follow from the military coup, that is the overthrow of the elected government, but resulted from the fact that the armed forces established a long-lasting dictatorship under which human rights were systematically violated. Directly after the coup the journal Mensaje called for a return to democracy, but did not openly criticize the violation of human rights before the end of 1975. Nevertheless several Jesuits were deeply involved in the defense of human rights. The paper sheds light on the fact that different and even opposed attitudes were adopted within the Jesuit order in Chile. Among these positions we can also find the denying of human rights violations by some Jesuit military and prison chaplains. However it is shown that the Jesuit’s Provincial superior together with several influential Jesuits protected and encouraged the Jesuit commitment for human rights. A principios del año 1972 la revista jesuita chilena Mensaje expuso en un editorial titulado “No a los extremismos”: “No somos ni queremos ser alarmistas, pero [...] todo esto puede conducir a un enfrentamiento armado sangriento y obligar a que el Ejército intervenga y asuma el poder. ¿Y quién nos asegurará que el Ejército [...] esté dispuesto a entregar el poder","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"52 1","pages":"249 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activismos no violentos bajo dictaduras militares en Argentina y Chile: el Servicio de Paz y Justicia, 1974–1983","authors":"María Soledad Catoggio","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2015-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2015-0116","url":null,"abstract":"Fil: Catoggio, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios E Investigaciones Laborales; Argentina","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"52 1","pages":"291 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71324051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los orígenes de la Institución Argentino-Germana: una aproximación al intercambio académico de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en tiempos de la primera posguerra","authors":"Pablo Buchbinder","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2014-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2014-0118","url":null,"abstract":"Fil: Buchbinder, Pablo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana \"Dr. Emilio Ravignani\". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana \"Dr. Emilio Ravignani\"; Argentina","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"51 1","pages":"351 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Invention in the Andes: The Peruvian Case. An Essay on President Augusto B. Leguía’s Strategies and Practices of Power during the Oncenio, 1919–1930","authors":"Ombeline Dagicour","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2014-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2014-0108","url":null,"abstract":"– Even if Leguía is undoubtedly one of the most notable Peruvian presidents in the 20th century, he is also one of the most neglected. From his eleven years in office (Oncenio) until today, Leguía remains surrounded by a lively controversy in the society that has extended to the historiographical debate. This clash of opposing hagiographic and hostile memories has substantially influenced how historians have written about this period. The aim of this article is to offer theoretical and methodological suggestions that could lead to a renewed interpretation of President Leguía and his Patria Nueva regime. In short, a more nuanced periodization of national political history and a more careful consideration of transnational interactions can make a contribution to the study of Peru’s nation-state-building. Introduction: Why We Need a New Biography on Leguía What do we know about Leguía? Surprisingly, not much. About his family origins, his youth, and his professional career before he entered politics in 1903, we must often trust hagiographical biographies like those published by Rene Hooper in 1964 or more recently by Carlos Alzamora and Guillermo Godbersen.1 Among academics, only María Delfina Álvarez Calderón * This paper was originally presented in April 2013 at the annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference of Latin American Studies in Santa Fe (New Mexico). I would like to thank my fellow panelists – Iñigo García-Bryce, Nils Jacobsen, Natalia Sobrevilla, and Peter Klarén – for their helpful comments. I am also very grateful to Ulrich Mücke and to the anonymous peer reviewer for their suggestions. Finally, I thank Juan Fernando Palacio for his help with the English translation of this text. 1 René Hooper Lopez, Leguía: Ensayo biográfico (Lima 1964); Carlos Alzamora, Leguía, la historia oculta. Vida y muerte del Presidente Augusto B. Leguía (Lima 2013); Guillermo Godbersen, Augusto B. Leguía en la Historia del Perú (Lima 2012). WBD_412-22366_JBLA_51.indb 59 15.10.14 11:58 Ombeline Dagicour 60 has devoted her attention to the 1904–1908 period in her thesis, defended in 2009, entitled Augusto B. Leguía, 1904–1908. Un político con visión empresarial.2 Even more intriguing, Leguía’s first presidency between 1908 and 1912 passed almost unnoticed and his exile in London has not received sufficient attention by historians. Likewise, his last days in power as well as the conditions of his imprisonment until his death in February 1932 remain obscure. Indeed, most works have focused mainly on the Oncenio. However, it is paradoxical that, in spite of its exceptional longevity in Peruvian political history, the regime of Patria Nueva is treated too briefly and our knowledge of this period remains so incomplete. As Marta Irurozqui points out, “the Oncenio continues to be a period of myths, of diverging opinions and also of opportunist speculations”.3 An in-depth analysis of Leguía’s strategies and practices of power during the Oncenio seems therefore all t","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"51 1","pages":"59 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La bula de la Santa Cruzada en Yucatán. Las peculiaridades y oportunidades de su administración","authors":"María del Pilar Martínez López-Cano","doi":"10.7767/JBLA-2014-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/JBLA-2014-0111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"71 1","pages":"151-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haya de la Torre and the Pursuit of Power in Peru, 1926–1948: the Seven Paradoxes of APRA","authors":"Íñigo García-Bryce","doi":"10.7767/JBLA-2014-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/JBLA-2014-0109","url":null,"abstract":"– The history of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) can be understood in terms of seven paradoxes, all closely linked to the personality of its founder, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre: 1) APRA was both an international party and a national party; 2) it sought to gain power both through armed insurgencies and elections; 3) it began as an anti-imperialist party yet developed ties with the U.S.; 4) it created a personality cult of Haya de la Torre, but also developed a strong organization that gave it institutional longevity; 5) it was characterized by a strong sense of discipline, yet its history is full of acts of indiscipline; 6) APRA and the military have been traditional political enemies, yet APRA relied on the military to support its insurgent activity; 7) APRA was the first party to recruit women, yet for decades failed to give women full representation within the party. APRA – the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana – is a party that continues to elicit passionate reactions in Peru.1 I have received both praise and insults in conversations with strangers – mainly taxi-cab drivers – when I explain that I am engaged in writing a history of APRA, Peru’s most important twentieth century political party and one of Latin America’s most * This article is based on a conference paper presented at the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies, Santa Fe, New Mexico, in April 2013. I would like to thank my fellow panel members Ombeline Dagicour, Nils Jacobsen, and Natalia Sobrevilla for their support and comments, and particularly the commentator Peter Klarén. I thank the anonymous reviewers. I thank Ulrich Mücke who invited me to the University of Hamburg (May 2010), where I presented an earlier version of this work. Thanks to Werner Stangl for his copy-editing. I thank my wife Andrea Orzoff for her comments and her constant support, as well as my children Samuel and Mateo for their good humor. 1 I am using the generic term APRA, by which the party is known in Peru, to refer both to the international political movement founded in 1926 and to its Peruvian incarnation, the Partido Aprista Peruano, founded in 1930. WBD_412-22366_JBLA_51.indb 87 15.10.14 11:58 88 Iñigo García-Bryce distinct populist parties. These passions have extended to the Peruvian historiography on Aprismo – hence the absence of a balanced monograph on the history of the party, and hence the difficulty of defining a party whose political identity has been hard to pinpoint as it has swung from radical to conservative positions, from embracing electoral democracy to pursuing armed insurgency.2 The pattern remains apparent if we turn to the recent past with two almost diametrically opposed APRA governments led by Alan García (1985–1990, 2006–2011) – one defined by a more classic populist nationalism, the second by an adherence to neo-liberal economic principles. Such swings have most often elicited accusations rather than interpretive frameworks. Sociologist J","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"51 1","pages":"112 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los centenarios patrios en la construcción de alianzas y rivalidades internacionales: los festejos trasandinos de 1910, la estatua de O’Higgins y los bemoles peruanos","authors":"Pablo Ortemberg","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2014-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2014-0117","url":null,"abstract":"Fil: Ortemberg, Pablo Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"289 1","pages":"329 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jorge Abelardo Ramos y América Latina. Los orígenes discursivos de la “Izquierda Nacional” argentina","authors":"Martín Ribadero","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2014-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2014-0121","url":null,"abstract":"La figura de Jorge Abelardo Ramos ha generado un sinnúmero de opiniones, debates y posiciones a favor y en contra en el seno de la vida cultural e ideológica argentina. Quizás no haya existido otro intelectual de izquierda que, desde la mitad del siglo XX en adelante, haya cultivado con tanto ahínco un perfil tan polémico como provocador en el mapa nacional. Sus controvertidas posiciones frente al peronismo y la izquierda, su incansable y ferviente prédica como polemista y su labor como historiador se entremezclaron a lo largo de varias décadas con una intensa aunque muy poco conocida labor como editor, librero y líder de varias constelaciones intelectuales. La atención recibida por parte de distintos trabajos y autores vinculados con la militancia de izquierda, en general, ha estado supeditada a afrontar esas batallas o a destacar ciertos aspectos que, no obstante, no consumaban un recorrido específico y a la vez comprensivo sobre la forma en que se configuraron sus distintas enunciaciones.1 Por parte de la producción académica, si bien el interés por la “Izquierda Nacional” liderada por Ramos se tradujo en un mayor conocimiento – a veces no exento de intenciones por afrontar las injurias lanzadas por esta misma tendencia ideológica –, todavía no se ha podido condensar un trabajo sistemático tanto de su producción discursiva como material, en especial respecto a aspectos vinculados con el","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"51 1","pages":"413 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comentario sobre dos testimonios históricos mexicanos del siglo XVI: La “corona de Moctezuma” y la Casa del Déan en Puebla, herencias culturales de la humanidad de la UNESCO, nuevamente estudiados","authors":"H. Pietschmann","doi":"10.7767/jbla-2014-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7767/jbla-2014-0120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52370,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas/Anuario de Historia de Amrica Latina","volume":"51 1","pages":"395 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71323760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}