{"title":"Formation of Trapped Surfaces in Geodesic Foliation","authors":"Xuantao Chen, Sergiu Klainerman","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05584-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05584-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We revisit the classical results of the formation of trapped surfaces for the Einstein vacuum equation relying on the geodesic foliation, rather than the double null foliation used in all previous results, starting with the seminal work of Christodoulou (Christodoulou, D.: European Mathematical Society, 2009) and continued in (An, X.: Ann. of Math. <b>201</b>(3), 775–908 2025; An, X.: Ann. PDE <b>8</b>, 3 2022; An, X. and Luk, J.: Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. <b>21</b>(1), 1–120 2017; Klainerman, S.,et al.: Invent. Math. <b>198</b>(1), 1–26 2014; Klainerman, S. and Rodnianski, I.: Acta Math. <b>208</b>, 211–333 2012). The main advantage of the method is that it only requires information on the incoming curvature along the incoming initial null hypersurface, which is more along the lines of (Christodoulou, D.: Commun. Pure Appl. Math. <b>44</b>(3), 339–373 1991) on the formation of trapped surfaces in spherical symmetry. Therefore, the methods used here may be better suited for studying the Weak Cosmic Censorship conjecture in the spirit of (Christodoulou, D.: Ann. Math. <b>183–217</b>, 149 1999). Another important advantage, which we plan to bring to fruition in a forthcoming paper, is that it is appropriate to the study of the formation of trapped surfaces from more general Cauchy data than treated in (Li, J. and Yu, P.: Ann. of Math. <b>181</b>, 699–768 2015). Our paper is based on a version of the non-integrable PT frame introduced in (Giorgi, E.et al.: Pure Appl. Math. Q. <b>20</b>(7), 2865–3849 2024) and (KS: Kerr Klainerman, S. and Szeftel, J.: Pure Appl. Math. Q. <b>19</b>(3), 791–1678 2023), associated to the geodesic foliation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Fanelli, Xiaoyan Su, Ying Wang, Junyong Zhang, Jiqiang Zheng
{"title":"Intertwining Operators Beyond the Stark Effect","authors":"Luca Fanelli, Xiaoyan Su, Ying Wang, Junyong Zhang, Jiqiang Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05600-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05600-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main mathematical manifestation of the Stark effect in quantum mechanics is the shift and the formation of clusters of eigenvalues when a spherical Hamiltonian is perturbed by lower order terms. Understanding this mechanism turned out to be fundamental in the description of the large-time asymptotics of the associated Schrödinger groups and can be responsible for the lack of dispersion (Fanelli et al. in Commun Math Phys 324:1033–1067, 2013; in Commun Math Phys 337:1515–1533, 2015; in J Spectr Theory 8:509–521, 2018). Recently, Miao et al. introduced in Miao et al. http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.02531 a family of spectrally projected <i>intertwining operators</i>, reminiscent of the Kato’s wave operators, in the case of constant perturbations on the sphere (inverse-square potential), and also proved their boundedness in <span>(L^p)</span>. Our aim is to establish a general framework in which some suitable intertwining operators can be defined also for non constant spherical perturbations in space dimensions 2 and higher, which is highly non trivial. In addition, we investigate the mapping properties between <span>(L^p)</span>-spaces of these operators. In 2D, we prove a complete result, for the Schrödinger Hamiltonian with a (fixed) magnetic potential an electric potential, both scaling critical, allowing us to prove dispersive estimates, uniform resolvent estimates, and <span>(L^p)</span>-bounds of Bochner–Riesz means. In higher dimensions, apart from recovering the example of inverse-square potential, we can conjecture a complete result in presence of some symmetries (zonal potentials), and open some interesting spectral problems concerning the asymptotics of eigenfunctions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-026-05600-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface Observables in Gauge Theories, Modular Painlevé Tau Functions and Non-perturbative Topological Strings","authors":"Giulio Bonelli, Pavlo Gavrylenko, Ideal Majtara, Alessandro Tanzini","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05568-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05568-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study BPS surface observables of <span>(mathcal {N}=2)</span> four dimensional <i>SU</i>(2) gauge theory in gravitational <span>(Omega )</span>-background at perturbative and at Argyres–Douglas superconformal fixed points. This is done by formulating the equivariant gauge theory on the blow-up of <span>({mathbb {C}}^2)</span> and considering the decoupling Nekrasov–Shatashvili limit. We show that in this limit the blow-up equations are solved by corresponding Painlevé <span>(mathcal {T})</span>-functions and exploit operator/state correspondence to compute their expansion in an integer basis, given in terms of the moduli of the quantum Seiberg–Witten curve. We study the modular properties of these solutions and show that they do directly lead to BCOV holomorphic anomaly equations for the corresponding topological string partition function. The resulting <span>(mathcal {T})</span>-functions are holomorphic and modular and as such they provide a natural non-perturbative completion of topological strings partition functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Hopf-Like Formula for Mean-Field Spin Glass Models","authors":"Victor Issa","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05598-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05598-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study mean-field spin glass models with general vector spins and convex covariance function. For those models, it is known that the limit of the free energy can be written as the supremum of a functional. This is the celebrated Parisi formula.</p><p>In this paper, we observe that the Parisi functional extends into a concave and Lipschitz functional on the set of signed measures. We use this fact and Fenchel-Moreau duality to derive an un-inverted version of the Parisi formula. Namely, we show that the limit of the free energy can be written as the infimum of a functional related to the Parisi functional.</p><p>This un-inverted formula can be interpreted as a Hopf-like formula for some Hamilton-Jacobi equation in Wasserstein space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimalistic Presentation and Coideal Structure of Twisted Yangians","authors":"Kang Lu","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05615-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05615-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce a minimalistic presentation for the twisted Yangians <span>({}^imath mathscr {Y})</span> associated with split symmetric pairs (or Satake diagrams) introduced in Lu et al. (Commun Math Phys 406:98, 2025) via a Drinfeld type presentation. As applications, we establish an injective algebra homomorphism from <span>({}^imath mathscr {Y})</span> to the Yangian <span>(mathscr {Y})</span>, thereby identifying <span>({}^imath mathscr {Y})</span> as a right coideal subalgebra of <span>(mathscr {Y})</span> and proving its isomorphism with the twisted Yangian in the <i>J</i> presentation. Furthermore, we provide estimates for the Drinfeld generators of <span>({}^imath mathscr {Y})</span> and describe their images under the coproduct in terms of the Drinfeld generators of <span>(mathscr {Y})</span> under this identification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Traveling Wave Problem for the Shallow Water Equations: Well-posedness and the Limits of Vanishing Viscosity and Surface Tension","authors":"Noah Stevenson, Ian Tice","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05579-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05579-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we study solitary traveling wave solutions to a damped shallow water system, which is in general quasilinear and of mixed type. We develop a small data well-posedness theory and prove that traveling wave solutions are a generic phenomenon that persist with and without viscosity or surface tension and for all nontrivial traveling wave speeds, even when the parameters dictate that the equations are hyperbolic and have a sound speed. This theory is developed by way of a Nash–Moser implicit function theorem, which allows us to prove strong norm continuity of solutions with respect to the data as well as the parameters, even in the vanishing limits of viscosity and surface tension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cauchy Problems for the 2D Compressible Euler Equations and Ideal MHD System are Ill-Posed in (H^frac{7}{4}(mathbb {R}^2))","authors":"Xinliang An, Haoyang Chen, Silu Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05573-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05573-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a fractional Sobolev space <span>(H^s(mathbb {R}^2))</span> with <span>(sle frac{7}{4})</span>, we prove the low-regularity ill-posedness for the 2D compressible Euler equations and the 2D ideal compressible MHD system. Our ill-posedness results match the <span>(H^frac{7}{4})</span> regularity threshold for the 2D compressible Euler system with respect to the fluid velocity and density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Three Dimensional Smooth Transonic Flows for the Steady Euler Equations with an External Force","authors":"Shangkun Weng, Zhouping Xin","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05610-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05610-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We establish the existence and uniqueness of some smooth accelerating transonic flows governed by the three dimensional steady compressible Euler equations with an external force in cylinders with arbitrary cross sections, which include both irrotational flows and Beltrami flows with nonuniform proportionality factors. One of the key ingredients in the analysis of smooth transonic irrotational flows is the well-posedness theory of classical solutions in <span>(H^4)</span> to a linear elliptic-hyperbolic mixed second order differential equation of Keldysh type in cylinders with mixed boundary conditions. This is achieved by extending the problem to an auxiliary linear elliptic-hyberbolic-elliptic mixed problem in a longer cylinder where the governing equation becomes elliptic at the exit of the new cylinder, so that one can use the multiplier method and the cut-off techniques to derive the <span>(H^2)</span> and higher order estimates in transonic regions. It is further shown that the energy estimate can be closed in the <span>(H^4)</span> framework. For smooth transonic Beltrami flows, we solve a transport equation for the proportionality factor and a type-changing enlarged deformation-curl system with mixed boundary conditions. The compatibility conditions for the <span>(H^4)</span> estimate to the enlarged deformation-curl system near the intersection between the entrance and the cylinder wall play a crucial role in the analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stringy Corrections to Heterotic SU(3)-Geometry","authors":"Jock McOrist, Sebastien Picard","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05620-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05620-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyse the <span>({alpha ^{prime },}^2)</span> corrections to the supersymmetry algebra constructed by Bergshoeff–de Roo for heterotic compactifications on <span>(textrm{SU}(3))</span> manifolds. The geometry is complex and conformally balanced. Starting from these supersymmetry constraints, we derive the equations of motions and find that the graviton equation contains an extraneous term which can be set to zero after gauge fixing. The curvature of the tangent bundle connection acquires a nonzero (0, 2) component and so does not satisfy the instanton equation, showing that the tangent bundle instanton condition does not persist beyond first order in <span>({alpha ^{prime },})</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-026-05620-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alterfold Theory and Topological Modular Invariance","authors":"Zhengwei Liu, Shuang Ming, Yilong Wang, Jinsong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00220-026-05590-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-026-05590-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a topological paradigm in alterfold topological quantum field theory to explore various concepts, including modular invariants, <span>(alpha )</span>-induction and connections in Morita contexts within a modular fusion category of non-zero global dimension over an arbitrary field. Using our topological perspective, we provide streamlined quick proofs and broad generalizations of a wide range of results. These include all theoretical findings by Böckenhauer, Evans, and Kawahigashi on <span>(alpha )</span>-induction. Additionally, we introduce the concept of double <span>(alpha )</span>-induction for pairs of Morita contexts and define its higher-genus <i>Z</i>-transformation, which remains invariant under the action of the mapping class group. Finally, we establish a novel integral identity for modular invariants across multiple Morita contexts, unifying several known identities as special cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"407 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}