Antropologicheskij Forum最新文献

{"title":"HOW THE NAME OF A STONE WARNS ABOUT DECEPTION: ONE NOMINATION MOTIVE IN MINERALOGICAL VOCABULARY","authors":"V. Kuchko","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-154-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-154-174","url":null,"abstract":": the article is devoted to the Russian mineralogical vocabulary and focuses on the names of minerals, in the internal form of which there is an indication of the “ability” to deceive an observer attributed to a stone. such names, as a rule, reflect the experience of mineralogists or specialists in stone mining, whom the mineral, due to its similarity with some other mineral, forced to misinterpret its nature when discovered or investigated. the article includes, firstly, international gemstone names borrowed into the Russian language (names such as apatite , phenakite , sphalerite , blend ). these are official names; this seems remarkable, since in this case, subjective data entered the nomenclature, contrary to the usual practice of reflecting objective data about the mineral. the nominator fixes the history of their impression of the stone in the name, attributing deceptive intentions to it. names borrowed into Russian mineralogy, as a rule, are accompanied byan essay on the history of its origin in the source language and the history of borrowing into the Russian language. the article also considers Russian names; they are facts of the professional jargon of those who are engaged in the extraction and sale, collection of precious and ornamental stones, including, for example, names such as obmanit , fufl onit . in short, such names and the contexts of their use were collected over the course of field surveys of middle Ural informants professionally associated with the stone, or were gleaned from their online communication at the “khita Urala” mineralogical forum. б о ии о ч е с л к е to a stone . Such names, as a rule, reflect the experience of mineralogists or specialists in stone mining, whom the mineral, due to its similarity with some other mineral, forced to misinterpret its nature when discovered or investigated . The article includes, firstly, international gemstone names borrowed into the Russian language (names such as apatite, phenakite, sphalerite, blend ) . These are official names; this seems remarkable, since in this case, subjective data entered the nomenclature, contrary to the usual practice of reflecting objective data about the mineral . The nominator fixes the history of their impression of the stone in the name, attributing deceptive intentions to it . Names borrowed into Russian mineralogy, as a rule, are accompanied byan essay on the history of its origin in the source language and the history of borrowing into the Russian language . The article also considers Russian names; they are facts of the professional jargon of those who are engaged in the extraction and sale, collection of precious and ornamental stones, including, for example, names such as obmanit, fuflonit . In short, such names and the contexts of their use were collected over the course of field surveys of Middle Ural informants professionally associated with the stone, or were gleaned from their online communication at the “Khita Urala” mineralogical for","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42444477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTHROPOLOGY OF NUTRITION AS A META- AND MEGA-DISCIPLINE: FOOD PRACTICES, GLOBAL CHALLENGES, AND IMAGE CONSTRUCTION","authors":"Oxana D. Fais-Leutskaya, A. Novik","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-177-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-177-194","url":null,"abstract":": the review analyzes the modern problems of the anthropology of nutrition based on reports and discussions during the “intercultural communications and traditional culture. national food is the most important factor in creating a positive image of the country” conference in tbilisi (may 2021). the study of food systems is one of the broadest and most The review analyzes the modern problems of the anthropology of nutrition based on reports and discussions during the “Intercultural Communications and Traditional Culture . National Food is the Most Important Factor in Creating a Positive Image of the Country” conference in Tbilisi (May 2021) . The study of food systems is one of the broadest and most “multi-disciplinary” research fields . Located at the “junction” of exact, humanities, and social disciplines, as well as theory and practice, science and production (agriculture, food industry and related areas: forestry, hunting, fishing, beekeeping, etc .), the anthropological study of nutrition has become a combination of all three: it focuses on the transformation of food systems under the influence of globalization processes, the semiotics of rural landscapes, the oppositions of everyday and festive cuisine, the commercialization of catering structure . The Tbilisi conference demonstrated the dynamics of the development of alimentary culture in large and small cities, rural areas, and the remote hinterland","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41737916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS: HOW KALGAN ‘ALPINIA SPP.’ BECAME KALGAN ‘POTENTILLA ERECTA L. RAEUSCH.’","authors":"V. Kolosova, O. Belichenko","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-131-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-131-153","url":null,"abstract":": the article studies the cultural history of septfoil Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch in Russia. in the first part of the paper, the transfer of phytonyms from the exotic plant galangal to septfoil, and changes in the plant uses in the 16th–20th centuries, are traced based on archives, dictionaries and published materials. We put forward the hypothesis that the reason for the transfer was the similar functions of both plants against the background of a decline in the import of galangal to Russia due to a number of political events in europe and southwest Asia. the second part of the article discusses field materials from northwest Russia, in particular, differences in the use of septfoil among ethnic groups of karelia and the pskov region. We investigate the influence of magazines, popular books, and procurement offices on the folk tradition of the soviet era. nowadays, the list also includes internet publications and online trade. We trace how the information about the medicinal properties of septfoil is represented in various sources. the comparison has revealed new medicinal uses of septfoil that are emerging on online markets. The article studies the cultural history of septfoil Potentilla erecta (L .) Raeusch in Russia . In the first part of the paper, the transfer of phytonyms from the exotic plant galangal to septfoil, and changes in the plant uses in the 16th–20th centuries, are traced based on archives, dictionaries and published materials . We put forward the hypothesis that the reason for the transfer was the similar functions of both plants against the background of a decline in the import of galangal to Russia due to a number of political events in Europe and southwest Asia . The second part of the article discusses field materials from northwest Russia, in particular, differences in the use of septfoil among ethnic groups of Karelia and the Pskov region . We investigate the influence of magazines, popular books, and procurement offices on the folk tradition of the Soviet era . Nowadays, the list also includes internet publications and online trade . We trace how the information about the medicinal properties of septfoil is represented in various sources . The comparison has revealed new medicinal uses of septfoil that are emerging on online markets .","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44303546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHITHER THE TYGYDYM HORSE GALLOPS (ON LANGUAGE PLAY, FOLKLORE CHARACTERS, TOURISM BRANDING, AND NEW RURAL CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP)","authors":"N. Savina","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-40-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-53-40-72","url":null,"abstract":": the paper focuses on the Village tygydym ethnocomplex created as a private entrepreneurial initiative by one family that moved to the countryside a few years ago. the project’s name refers to the wellknown cliché tygydymskiy kon (which roughly translates to ‘thubalup horse’ and is here referred to as tygydym horse), because the “village” itself is positioned as this quasi-folklore character’s place of residence. As shown in the paper, the play-based rethinking of this popular expression—as well as the creation of a personified character—is a popular practice that reflects contemporary language processes like mass language experiments, graphical plays, references to precedentsetting phenomena, and the use of other creative linguistic mechanisms. the author raises the question of which meanings and associative connotations this expression has (not) developed within the language, and which emerge as a result of the creative approach to this linguistic unit used by certain actors and why, and what place this linguistic creativity takes in the general configuration of their project. After analyzing folklore and dictionary sources offering interpretations and examples of the expression tygydymskiy kon used in speech, the author concludes that its meanings are discrete and can hardly be formalized, while the image is poorly developed semantically. thanks to this specific feature, the creators of tygydym Village could not only ignore the use of this expression in language and folklore, but also formulate their own The paper focuses on the Village Tygydym Ethnocomplex created as a private entrepreneurial initiative by one family that moved to the countryside a few years ago . The project’s name refers to the wellknown cliché tygydymskiy kon (which roughly translates to ‘thubalup horse’ and is here referred to as Tygydym Horse), because the “village” itself is positioned as this quasi-folklore character’s place of residence . As shown in the paper, the play-based rethinking of this popular expression—as well as the creation of a personified character—is a popular practice that reflects contemporary language processes like mass language experiments, graphical plays, references to precedentsetting phenomena, and the use of other creative linguistic mechanisms . The author raises the question of which meanings and associative connotations this expression has (not) developed within the language, and which emerge as a result of the creative approach to this linguistic unit used by certain actors and why, and what place this linguistic creativity takes in the general configuration of their project . After analyzing folklore and dictionary sources offering interpretations and examples of the expression tygydymskiy kon used in speech, the author concludes that its meanings are discrete and can hardly be formalized, while the image is poorly developed semantically . Thanks to this specific feature, the creators of Tygydym Village could not only ignore the use of ","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forum 52: The Humanities and Social Sciences and Covid-19: Pros and Cons","authors":"Andrey Adelfinsky, Julia Buchatskaja, Victoria Donovan, Abigail Karas, C. Kelly, Anna Lazareva, Ji Eun Lee, Daria Litvina, A. Piir, A. Temkina, N. Vakhtin, E. Vdovchenkov, Maria Vyatchina","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-11-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-11-82","url":null,"abstract":"For the past two years, research groups and universities have been exposed to the novel and unpredictable conditions of life during the viral pandemic, and to the constantly shifting restrictions on normal academic activities that have accompanied it. In particular, personal contacts—between teachers and students and between colleagues—have to a large extent been difficult or impossible. For some, the social restrictions have been a disaster, while others have found them to be an insignificant nuisance, or even welcome. Participants of the “Forum” discuss, how the pandemic has affected their own (work) situation and the situation at their home institution, whether the enforced (self-)isolation has created any new types of working practices or social relations that are desirable to persist in the future, and whether the humanities and social sciences have evolved any new research questions and topics that directly derive from the pandemic, the social restrictions associated with it, and efforts to fight its effects.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Osain Cult: The Sacred Forest, Witchcraft, and “Green Medicine” in Cuba","authors":"N. Manichkin","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-193-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-193-218","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the sacred images and practices associated with the veneration of the forest in Cuba. The author primarily examines the religious and magical traditions of Santeria and Palo Monte but also refers to other African and African American cults, tracing their historical and semantic relationships. The article restores the multifaceted myth-ritual reality of the forest, encompassing spheres of traditional medicine, magic, and ethnocultural memory. This article is based on field research and ethnographic data. Special attention is paid to the metaphysical and practical aspects of the veneration of Orishas and, specifically, to the central concepts of symbols, shrines, ritual instruments, prohibitions, and norms that are inherent in the cult of Osain, the master of vegetation and wildlife.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workmanship: “Task Orientation” and “Coping” with Worn-out Equipment at the “Iriski” Candy Factory","authors":"O. Pinchuk","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-68-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-68-92","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to а conceptual analysis of the term “workmanship” in the labor of industrial workers. Based on a critical reading of Tim Ingold’s “taskscape” theory, an attempt is made to answer a number of questions: Can industrial workers be creative? Do you need to have workmanship in order to work with industrial equipment? What is the role of equipment wear and tear in the industrial labor process? This paper reports findings from an ethnography of labor at the “Iriski” candy factory. It is concluded that—due to the wear and tear of the equipment—the labor of the operators of the candy factory requires more involvement and the use of their creative skills (“living knowledge”, according to Andre Gorz). Thus, the deterioration of equipment stimulates the creativity of the operators and makes their skills more unique. Their workmanship in the work process is determined by how skillfully they are able to “cope” with wear and tear and maintain the continuous operation of the packaging cycle. All this makes them, on the one hand, more involved in labor, but, on the other hand, more “exploited”, since their “workmanship” remains invisible to management, much like the widespread equipment deterioration of the factory infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebration of Inclusivity: The Organization and Ritual of Mass Participation Sports","authors":"Andrey Adelfinsky","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-37-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-37-67","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the best organizational practices, ceremonies, and rituals of mass participation sports events. In addition to participant observation of endurance races in distance running, triathlon, cycling, swimming, and cross-country skiing between 2003 and 2019, statistical and document analysis was used as the research methodology. Special focus was placed on triathlon in Europe. We argue that the phenomenon of mass participation sports is a consequence of the Expressive model of sports (EMS) as a social construct shared by the community. We explain how the EMS is implemented in the organization of events through rituals, conventions, and institutions. Firstly, within the EMS, the race finish is recognized as an achievement by the organizers and the participant’s community. Secondly, the EMS focuses on ordinary, non-elite amateurs as main event participants. This means an open entry to participation, with no selection by skill level; permissive time limits; equal distances, entry fees, and service levels for both elite and non-elite athletes; a joint festival and event venue; competition schedule comfortable for amateurs (non-elite races on the weekend). Thirdly, the EMS revises the linear ranking of competitions through a new hierarchy model, an age-weighted presentation of results, and an inclusive celebration ritual. This includes the grouping of athletes into ordinary amateurs with no reward and elite/professionals, who compete for absolute an ranking and/or prizes, a broad division of amateurs by age groups (95–99, 90–94, 85–89 and down to 20–24, 15–19) and the celebration of the oldest athletes and last finishers. The theoretical framework combines the insights from the civilization process, evolutionary and symbolic anthropology. Since endurance races are seen as rites of passage and liminal processes, we emphasize the importance of rituals as a means of a reconciliation of communitas.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floating Shops in the Ob North: Landscape of Mobility and Modes of Temporality","authors":"M. Agapov","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-160-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-160-190","url":null,"abstract":"Floating shops are an important part of the social landscape and life in northern villages located on water traffic ways. The role of the latter is especially important for settlements in the Ob North, where the “Northern supply haul” (deliveries of goods to the Northern Territories) has always been carried out from the south by the Ob-Irtysh River Shipping Company. Floating shops were actively used during the oil and gas development of the Ob North in the late Soviet period, but their “golden age” came in the 1990–2000s, when private entrepreneurs created flotillas of floating shops, which became an important factor in ensuring transport accessibility and improving the socio-economic status of local communities. The study is based on the materials of a field expedition trip conducted in the summer of 2019 in the water area of the Middle and Lower Ob. The conceptual framework of the study is built on the basis of the social philosophy of Latour, Urry and Law, with its characteristic axiomatics of a heterogeneous, hybrid world in constant motion, and with an orientation toward the study of networked, mobile, and variable forms of social life. In this article, special attention is paid to the use of the landscape conditions and affordanсes for the formation and functioning of the mobile trade infrastructure. In the present case, we observe the elimination of borders between the landscape and the transport infrastructure until their merger into a unified functional system in the terminology of Ingold. An essential condition for the success of this system is a spatio-temporal synchronization of the information, commodity-money, and raw flows achieved by the hybrid nature of the floating shop’s mode of temporality. This case offers opportunities for the theoretical conceptualization of the interconnection between mobility, landscape, and modes of temporality.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of E. D. Bondarenko, Naivnaya lingvistika i dialektnoe yazykovoe soznanie [“Naive Linguistics” and Dialect Consciousness]. Moscow: Indrik, 2021, 584 pp.","authors":"Vlada V. Baranova","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-250-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-52-250-256","url":null,"abstract":"The book is based on an analysis of metalinguistic comments by native speakers of different dialects. These remarks concern both self-descriptions and the language of neighbors. The approach is relatively new for Russian dialectology: folk linguists’ perceptions of dialectal variation have not been considered before. The study provides the first systematic description of beliefs about Russian dialects and includes a large volume of new field data. It can provide important insights on speaker opinions and attitudes about language and the constructions of local identity.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}