Antropologicheskij Forum最新文献

{"title":"MARSHALL SAHLINS: A SHINING STAR FOR SAILORS NAVIGATING THE OCEAN OF ANTHROPOLOGY","authors":"J. Schmoller","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-243-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-243-247","url":null,"abstract":"Marshall Sahlins Obituary","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41381231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of RAY WILKINSON, JOHN P. RAE, GITTE RASMUSSEN (eds.), ATYPICAL INTERACTION: THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATIVE IMPAIRMENTS WITHIN EVERYDAY TALK. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, XXIII+470 pp.","authors":"Dmitry Kolyadov","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-207-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-207-222","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of articles under review includes conversation analytic studies of interactions involving the participation of at least one person with communicative impairments (aphasia, dementia, dysarthria, etc.). The authors concentrate on how these impairments influence interaction—the organization of repair in particular—as well as on issues of participants’ adaption to impairments, collaboration, the agency of people with impairments, and practices of face maintenance. Three more general issues connected to this field of study are discussed in the review. The first issue is a choice of analytic categories and the application of the category of repair. This category seems justified since participants frequently have to clarify the meaning of their partners’ actions. However, this choice may appear problematic if one does not take into account that interactions with people with impairments have their own progressivity, which differs from the progressivity of ordinary conversation. The second issue is the role of nonverbal actions, which is crucial in circumstances where some of the participants lack verbal resources. The third issue concerns the problem of the understanding which participants try to achieve in the course of interaction and which researchers try to achieve in the course of analysis. This task becomes more challenging in comparison to ordinary conversations. On the one hand, actions of persons with impairments are sometimes ambiguous and require special interpretative efforts from their partners. On the other hand, there is always a risk that the partner will interpret actions of impaired person inadequately.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47143468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“HOW CAN WE EVEN TALK ABOUT ACCENTS WHEN IT COMES TO PRESERVING A LANGUAGE?”: ATTITUDES TOWARDS PARTIAL LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE","authors":"Vlada V. Baranova","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-11-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-11-29","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on discussions of partial linguistic competence and on sources of language knowledge among both Kalmyk language activists and the community of native speakers. Recent revivalist initiatives lead to the emergence of “new speakers” of minority languages whose language command is widely discussed within the community. The native speakers of a minority language may create some barriers for new speakers and evaluate their way of speaking as an inauthentic, “wrong” code. The paper deals with different sources of competence in Kalmyk: projects for teaching and learning Kalmyk, attempts to popularize it and the ethnic culture, and online communities for mothers who make the conscious decision to adopt native language practices with their children. These new sources of non-traditional knowledge are compared with other modes of language acquisition. The paper aims to analyze attitudes to a language by “new speakers”. From this point of view, the Kalmyk-speaking community displays ambiguous attitudes: there are negative attitudes toward the accents of new speakers, as well as toward the linguistic competence of the younger generation in a family. That said, there exist strongly positive evaluations of different activist initiatives, including treating the instances of mixed language as a kind of humor. The data shows that there is no strong demarcation between language acquisition in the family and other ways of learning Kalmyk.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of MARION KRUSE, THE POLITICS OF ROMAN MEMORY: FROM THE FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE TO THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019, 304 pp.","authors":"Yana Bespalchikova","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-233-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-233-240","url":null,"abstract":"The monograph by M. W. Kruse—professor of Classics at the University of Cincinnati—investigates the difficulties of building a new historical memory and identity in the late Roman Empire at the end of the 5th—first half of the 6th century. At that time, the emperors did not actually control Italy and Rome, a previous center and origin of imperial statehood. The study is based on an analysis of the texts of the most influential authors of this period, in particular historians of the era of the emperor Justinian, as well as the narrative of his own laws—Novellae of the Corpus Juris Civilis. The monograph represents Kruse’s substantially reworked PhD dissertation on classical philology. In his study, Kruse makes a successful attempt at a large-scale revision of the current concept of modern science about the indifference of contemporaries to the events of 476 in Italy and argues that the assessment of these events as the fall of the Western Roman Empire and a momentous event is only a construct of historical science of the 19th century, originating from the works of E. Gibbon.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MANUSCRIPT BY S. A. AVIZHANSKAYA ON THE BASHKIR WEDDING","authors":"F. Galieva","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-187-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-187-203","url":null,"abstract":"Sofia Aleksandrovna Avizhanskaya is known for her research in the field of decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs and the Bashkir collections she collected for the State Museum of Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR. However, her contribution to ethnographic science is not limited to this. The proposed publication introduces into scientific circulation Avizhanskaya’s manuscript about the Bashkir wedding, discovered in the Scientific Archives of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1956 field diary of Rail Gumerovich Kuzeev. The author supplements these materials with the information contained in Avizhanskaya’s expeditionary report, and highlights their novelty and uniqueness using our own field records of recent years. Archival sources indicate that during joint field research, Kuzeev often served as Avizhanskaya’s translator from Bashkir into Russian, including the story of a wedding, and shared his knowledge of the history and life of the Bashkirs. This helped Avizhanskaya to study the territorial features of the national costume, economic activities, food systems and other areas of the ethnography of the Bashkirs. For her part, she passed on the experience of expeditionary work. A record of the Bashkir “red wedding” made jointly by Avizhanskaya and Kuzeev fills in the source gap in the study of the Bashkir ritual of the mid-20th century. The manuscript presents the local features of the northeastern Bashkirs, preserved traditions, including the institution of “planted parents”, as well as other ethnic and Soviet customs that have penetrated into ritualism.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49670025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPIRITUAL VERSES ABOUT TSAREVICH JOASAPH: PLOTS AND METRICAL MODELS","authors":"A. Petrov","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-88-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-88-131","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the problem of the development of metrical forms of the cycle of folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph. Spiritual verses related to the literary tradition are used as supplementary material. The aim of the research is to trace the evolution of the metrics of folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph in the context of the history of Russian versification. The tasks of the research are the formation of a database of texts, differentiation of the texts into thematic groups, selection of method of work, and the analysis of folk and literary variants. The research methodology is determined by its complex nature, being at the intersection of folklore, linguistics, and literary studies. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the material, special methods are used for texts created within the framework of different systems of versification: syllabic, accentual, and syllabic-accentual. The entire corpus of texts consists of seven types of plots and can be divided into metrical groups depending on the time and the environment of their creation. The earliest known text dates from the 16th century; it is a free, non-rhymed accentual verse. A significant corpus of texts was created in the 17th century, in line with the literary syllabic system of versification; these are spiritual verses with 8 or 13 syllables per line. Some of these were assimilated by folk culture and subsequently lost their syllabic equality of lines, becoming close to the accentual system. Literary texts of the 18th–19th centuries are closer to the syllabic-accentual system; sometimes they include polymetric poetic forms. Folklore texts collected in the 19th–20th centuries are based mainly on the accentual system of versification (dolnik, taktovik, accentual verse); however, as we move towards the 20th century, syllabic-accentual tendencies also intensify in this area. In the 20th century, the tradition of spiritual poetry was based on syllabic-accentual models borrowed from the works of Russian classics. The long history of the existence of this poetic cycle is, in general, in line with the evolution of Russian versification. At the same time, if the syllabic-accentual verse has been formed since the 18th century in the literary tradition of spiritual poetry, then in folklore it spread relatively late. Reliable examples of syllabic-accentual versification are found in folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph from the second half of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46047817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Hana Horáková, Andrea Boscoboinik, Robin Smith (eds.), Utopia and Neoliberalism: Ethnographies of Rural Spaces. Berlin: Lit-Verlag, 2018, 256 pр.","authors":"N. Savina","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-252-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-252-266","url":null,"abstract":"The reviewed collection of articles constitutes an intriguing attempt to understand the modern processes taking place in rural areas in terms of their relationship with utopian ideas and positions of neoliberalism. Using field materials from Central and Eastern Europe and China, researchers demonstrate a wide range of scenarios and practices related to imagining the rural world and rural lifestyles emerging in the context of globalization, industrialization, information technology development, and neoliberal politics. The similarity of the authors' methodological approaches and the general theoretical framework ensure the structural and substantive integrity of the collection, which allows the reader to engage in discussions about economic, social, cultural and other changes that are characteristic of most modern rural areas.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Are You Living History?” — The Soviet Person and the Quiet Archival Revolution of Late Socialism","authors":"Alissa Klots, M. Romashova","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-50-169-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-50-169-199","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the changes that occurred in archiving practices after Stalin. Based on the analysis of publications in professional journals for archivists and in popular press — as well as the personal archival collection of Perm activist and local historian Valentina Sokolova — we argue that, as a result of the democratic and humanistic turn in Soviet society after Stalin’s death, late socialism saw a shift in the understanding of who is worthy of having their documents preserved in an archive. Whereas previously only “remarkable” individuals had the right for a private archival collection, now some members of the archivist community began a campaign to collect documents of “ordinary” citizens. The archivists found allies not only among specialists but also among elderly members of the Soviet intelligentsia — participants in the building of socialism, who had no prior connection to historical studies. This shift that we call the “quiet archival revolution” became an integral part of the late Soviet commemorative turn. With the help of the archivists — enthusiasts of the “quiet archival revolution,” elderly activist came to realize their own historical significance and the value of their documents, some of which later made it to the state archival depositories.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Heritage in Mythology","authors":"Y. Berezkin","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-91-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-91-114","url":null,"abstract":"Our analytical catalogue contains information on many thousands of folklore and mythological texts. The systemic approach to this material argues in favor of an African origin of episodes and images that were recorded in sub-Saharan Africa, the Indo-Pacific border of Asia and in America but are absent in continental Eurasia. Such a pattern corresponds to genetic and archaeological data concerning the early spread of the modern human from Africa in two directions, i.e. to the East along the coast of the Indian Ocean to Southeast Asia and Australia, and to the North into Europe, Central Asia and Siberia. The natural conditions of humankind in the Indo-Pacific Tropics and in the African homeland are essentially similar; conversely, in the Eurasian North, deep cultural changes and a loss of the African heritage are to be expected. Though there are no cultures in Asia that could be considered to be related to the ancestors of the earliest migrants into the New World still being identified by archaeologists, similar sets of motifs in South America and in the Indo-Pacific part of the Old World provide evidence in favor of the East Asian homeland of the first Americans. Later groups of migrants brought those motifs typical for continental Eurasia to North America. Though we take into account conclusions reached by specialists in other historical disciplines, big data on mythology and folklore is argued to be an independent source of information on the human past.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Jeff Sahadeo, Voices from the Soviet Edge: Southern Migrants in Leningrad and Moscow. Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press, 2019, 273 рр.","authors":"A. Golubev","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-227-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-48-227-238","url":null,"abstract":"The new book by the Canadian scholar Jeff Sahadeo is a historical anthropology of the migration from the southern regions of the USSR to Moscow and Leningrad during late socialism. Based on a large collection of oral history interviews with former migrants as well as on archival and newspaper sources, this book compares the historical experience of migration in the USSR with similar processes in North America and Western Europe. The migrant stories presented in the book reveal the complexity of the late-Soviet historical experience that can hardly be reduced to the concept of “stagnation.”","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}