Antropologicheskij Forum最新文献

Moral Cartography: Classifications of Village Residents in the Everyday Life of Rural Bureaucrats 道德地图：农村官僚日常生活中的村民分类

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-103-129

Aleksandra Zakharova

{"title":"Moral Cartography: Classifications of Village Residents in the Everyday Life of Rural Bureaucrats","authors":"Aleksandra Zakharova","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-103-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-103-129","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the classifications of the residents of settlements used by rural bureaucrats (employees of rural administrations and members of their teams). The analysis is based on materials gathered through participant observation in two rural settlements in southwestern Siberia. The principles by which the “characters” of villages are distinguished are examined, i.e. in what contexts a “moral cartography” of localities takes place. The study shows that the most frequent differentiating features in the bureaucratic characterization of villages are: 1) the independence of residents in solving their problems or addressing the requirements of the administration; 2) cohesion and willingness to help bureaucrats in governance or lack thereof. These classification signs indicate the “problematic nature” of the village for rural bureaucrats, i.e. the possibility of conflicts, complaints and claims. The author concludes that one of the functions of the bureaucratic classification of villages is contingency coping strategy, which is characteristic of the task-oriented work of rural bureaucrats. Knowledge of the “character” of the inhabitants of settlements allows officials to form expectations, develop work strategies and explain managerial successes and failures. In addition, the ability to map the social space of a village is important for confirming the status of rural governors and especially the heads of rural administrations. Faced daily with a shortage of administrative and material resources, rural bureaucrats find their own intermediate positions to be vulnerable. However, the “proper” knowledge of social space allows them seemingly to reverse their dependent position. As for governors responsible for space, the classifications of villages give local officials an opportunity to demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the territory, thereby testifying to their status as “owners” (khozyaeva) of the land.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of O. P. Kolomiets, I. I. Krupnik (eds.), Applied Ethnology in Chukotka: Indigenous Knowledge, Museums, Cultural Heritage (Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of Nikolai L. Gondatti’s 1895 Trip to the Chukchi Peninsula). Moscow: PressPass, 2020, 468 pp. 对 O. P. Kolomiets、I. I. Krupnik（编辑）《楚科奇的应用民族学：土著知识、博物馆、文化遗产》的评论（庆祝 Nikolai L. Gondatti 1895 年楚科奇半岛之行 125 周年）。Gondatti 1895 年楚科奇半岛之行 125 周年）。莫斯科：PressPass, 2020, 468 pp.

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-197-206

Natalia Kosyak

{"title":"A Review of O. P. Kolomiets, I. I. Krupnik (eds.), Applied Ethnology in Chukotka: Indigenous Knowledge, Museums, Cultural Heritage (Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of Nikolai L. Gondatti’s 1895 Trip to the Chukchi Peninsula). Moscow: PressPass, 2020, 468 pp.","authors":"Natalia Kosyak","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-197-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-197-206","url":null,"abstract":"This collective monograph, edited by O. P. Kolomiets and I. I. Krupnik, is dedicated to the memory of the colonial administrator of the Anadyr district Nikolai L. Gondatti as one of the founders of the ethnographic study of Chukotka. The collection of papers is the result of the work of a team of 18 authors and includes texts of different genres: analytical works, including historical and sociolinguistic papers, publications of archival documents by N. L. Gondatti, field essays, memoirs, biographical sketches, essays, letters, and articles about museum collections. In addition to the biography and heritage of Gondatti, the authors focus on traditional ecological knowledge, the local history of the settlements of Chukotka, indigenous languages, and cultural heritage. The authors propose rethinking the concept of applied ethnology and understanding it more broadly. The book is an example of co-authorship with representatives of indigenous communities. The review provides an overview of the chapters of the monograph, the structural features, and genre diversity of the articles in the book. Also in focus is the authors’ understanding of the term “applied ethnology” and, in particular, the expansion of this concept.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Infrastructures and Practices for the Dissemination of Islamic Knowledge: The Case of the Muslim Community of the Town of Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Region 传播伊斯兰知识的基础设施和实践的演变：下诺夫哥罗德州博尔镇穆斯林社区的案例

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-155-170

A. Orekhov

{"title":"The Evolution of Infrastructures and Practices for the Dissemination of Islamic Knowledge: The Case of the Muslim Community of the Town of Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Region","authors":"A. Orekhov","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-155-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-155-170","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the process of the genesis and establishment of infrastructural ideas that contribute to the dissemination of Islamic knowledge in the local Muslim community in the town of Bor, Nizhny Novgorod region in the period of the 1930s — early 2020s. The author analyzes how the infrastructure affects the practices of spreading Islamic knowledge in the local Islamic community and how the local Muslim community changes in the period of creation of infrastructure. The paper focuses on exploring the infrastructures for spreading Islamic knowledge in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of the community’s life. The study is based on ethnographic material, interviews and archival materials, and presents how the creation of infrastructures changed the practices of spreading Islamic knowledge and the configuration of the local Muslim community. These changes exacerbated issues of power relations and the identifying of behaviour patterns within the community. Simultaneously new ideas were born within the community about community development, new infrastructure for disseminating Islamic knowledge and the formation of Muslim personalities. The Tatar community who initiated and organized the building of the Mosque has lost control over it, and it has become part of urban public space, a source of Islamic knowledge available to any Muslim in the town of Bor.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Lan Anh Hoang, Vietnamese Migrants in Russia: Mobility in Times of Uncertainty. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020, 259 pp. 评论 Lan Anh Hoang，《俄罗斯的越南移民》：Mobility in Times of Uncertainty.阿姆斯特丹：阿姆斯特丹大学出版社，2020 年，259 页。

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-173-184

Olesya Merkulova

{"title":"A Review of Lan Anh Hoang, Vietnamese Migrants in Russia: Mobility in Times of Uncertainty. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020, 259 pp.","authors":"Olesya Merkulova","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-173-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-173-184","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical framework of an ethnographic study of the lives of Vietnamese migrants in Russia by Professor Lan Anh Hoang (University of Melbourne) is “uncertainty”. The author understands it as the structural conditions that make the lives of migrants unpredictable and eliminate their ability to influence their choices and the results of their choices. The uncertainty is caused by the migration regime in Russia and xenophobia, pushing migrants into the informal sector of the economy and the zone of invisibility. It is also experienced by migrants as a subjective experience of vulnerability. To reveal the duality of uncertainty as a structural condition and as a subjective experience, Hoang devotes the first part of the book to the main themes of migrants’ lives in Russia: moving to the host country, infrastructure for migrants, work and leisure. The second part of the book is built around traditional anthropological themes: kinship, morality, cultural ideas and how they are determined in structural conditions of uncertainty and vulnerability. Despite the fact that Russia is one of the leading countries in the number of labor migrants, there are very few studies of migration in Russia, and there are practically no ethnographies. The book under review is a rare opportunity to have a glimpse of the life of migrants not from the outside perspective of the host society with its labeling, but from the inside. At the same time, the chosen frame of uncertainty not only sets the logic of the analysis, but also prevents the rich ethnography from disintegrating into separate small research discoveries. The book shows how uncertainty runs deep, how it undermines the foundations of human relationships, and how Vietnamese migrants try to cope with it.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Let me write a thesis on folklore to get away from folklore…”: An Interview with George Levinton "让我写一篇关于民间传说的论文，以摆脱民间传说......"：乔治-列文顿访谈录

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-209-257

Svetlana Nikolaeva, Svetlana Podrezova, Natalia Slavgorodskaya

引用次数: 0

From Call to Emergency Card: Looking for Discretion of “112” Operators 从电话到应急卡：寻找 "112 "接线员的自由裁量权

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-130-152

Dmitrii Serebrennikov

{"title":"From Call to Emergency Card: Looking for Discretion of “112” Operators","authors":"Dmitrii Serebrennikov","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-130-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-130-152","url":null,"abstract":"One of the classic research questions of street-level bureaucracy studies is the question of the discretion of the officials when making a decision. In recent decades, the discussion about such bureaucrats has changed. Research has focused on new forms of bureaucracy, e.g., screen-level bureaucrats — various dispatchers and operators who receive calls and messages from citizens. Traditionally, such employees are considered to be almost completely deprived of the ability to act independently, and their work is reduced to following a strict algorithm as much as possible. This article employs data from 20 semi-structured interviews and three participant observation sessions in two cases of municipal emergency call centers of the unified “112” hotline. It attempts to elucidate the daily operations of dispatchers and the mechanisms through which they manage to operate within formal constraints while gaining a broader degree of discretion. The discretion exercised by dispatchers has a dual nature. Their core task involves constant communication with representatives from other emergency services, governed by procedural discretion (regulations and instructions). However, in certain circumstances when dealing with incidents, they can shift a situation from “routine” to “emergency”, thereby expanding their operational possibilities. Moreover, the existing frameworks can undergo transformation when there is a higher level of trust between dispatchers from different services. In such cases, when interacting with other authorities, the dispatcher’s actions are constrained less by rules and more by unspoken conventions, which can vary in different interactions depending on the level of trust between the conversing parties.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Eugenia Roussou, Orthodox Christianity, New Age Spirituality and Vernacular Religion: The Evil Eye in Greece. London: Bloombsbury, 2021, XII+196 pp. 对 Eugenia Roussou 的评论：《东正教、新纪元灵性和乡土宗教》：希腊的邪恶之眼》。伦敦：布鲁姆伯里，2021 年，XII+196 页。

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-185-196

I. Nikitina

引用次数: 0

Universal Rules and Discretionary Situations: How Do Street-Level Bureaucrats Calculate Suffering 普遍规则与自由裁量权：基层官僚如何计算痛苦

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-48-72

Nikita Mishakov

{"title":"Universal Rules and Discretionary Situations: How Do Street-Level Bureaucrats Calculate Suffering","authors":"Nikita Mishakov","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-48-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-48-72","url":null,"abstract":"Needs assessment (oсenka nuzhdaemosti) is a legal procedure in the Russian welfare system to determine whether citizens qualify for social benefits and, if so, to what extent. The article examines one of the Russian state agencies conducting this procedure. Public officials of the agency examined are typical “street-level bureaucrats” according to Michael Lipsky’s definition. They interact with citizens face to face and determine in what form certain services will be provided by the state and whether they will be provided at all. The creation of the agency has meant a redistribution of power in the social sphere in the region, a fragmentation of the process of prescribing and delivering social care and, at least formally, a stricter separation between the decision-making process and the work carried out according to it. The article analyses how, in the face of this fragmentation, as well as the introduction of new tools for automating decision-making, the space of discretion — the ability at a local level to influence and, in some cases, determine the way work is carried out — is preserved. The research was carried out using qualitative methods, predominantly through interviews. In addition, documents were analyzed and observation was conducted. The author demonstrates how the emerging “gaps” in the social sphere are overcome and the professional and ethical categories of the bureaucrats determine the implementation of the needs assessment process, in particular the evaluation procedures.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Leviathan’s Tail: Anthropological Studies of Bureaucracy and Bureaucrats 利维坦的尾巴：官僚机构和官僚的人类学研究

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-11-47

Aleksandra Zakharova, Alexandra Martynenko

{"title":"On Leviathan’s Tail: Anthropological Studies of Bureaucracy and Bureaucrats","authors":"Aleksandra Zakharova, Alexandra Martynenko","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-11-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-11-47","url":null,"abstract":"This article precedes a selection of papers written as a result of the seminar on the anthropology of bureaucracy in modern Russia. The text offers a brief overview of the development of research into bureaucracy, where studies are mainly made in a polemic with Max Weber’s model of the “ideal” bureaucracy. It considers the most significant works that preceded the emergence of an interest in bureaucracy on the part of social scientists, written in the fields of political science and sociology and united by the method of participant observation. The authors pay attention to the difficulties in distinguishing the anthropology of bureaucracy as an independent field, which, on the one hand, is integrated into political anthropology and on the other hand, tends towards the social studies of professions. The article suggests understanding the anthropology of bureaucracy primarily as a certain viewpoint focusing on how management is implemented and how the “state” is reproduced and felt within bureaucratic institutions. The authors distinguish several popular areas in the field of social research into bureaucracy: critical works analyzing primarily the structural violence of bureaucrats against citizens through client classifications, bureaucratic arbitrariness, etc.; works that focus on the moral and affective aspect of bureaucracy, including the moral dilemmas of employees and their feelings; works devoted to the material world of bureaucracy, where documents become important participants in social interaction; research on the experience of interaction with bureaucracy as a client. In addition, the article provides an overview of existing studies (mainly) of the street-level Russian bureaucracy, performed using anthropological methods within the boundaries of different disciplines.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"229 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bureaucratic Routes and Documentary Temporalities of a Conscript Questionnaire in a Human Rights Organization 人权组织征兵调查表的官僚路线和文件时间性

Antropologicheskij Forum Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-73-102

N. Shevchenko

{"title":"Bureaucratic Routes and Documentary Temporalities of a Conscript Questionnaire in a Human Rights Organization","authors":"N. Shevchenko","doi":"10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-73-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2023-19-59-73-102","url":null,"abstract":"This article concerns the working of a nonprofit human rights organization that helps Russian conscripts and their relatives on issues related to military registration. Following the aesthetic approach in research into bureaucracy described by Matthew Hull, the author focuses on the functional elements of the template used in the NGO — the conscript questionnaire. At the same time, an important place in the article is occupied by the issue of documentary time and its organization within the conscription bureaucracy. By analyzing the internal structure and practices of using the questionnaire as a “formal tool”, the text reveals the mechanisms of bureaucratic retemporalization of the health and biography of a young man in the process of setting up his file-self. Drawing a link between the questionnaire and other documentary forms used in the human rights organization, the author demonstrates how these forms embody the logic of the institution of conscription, and how NGO clients use knowledge of the military medical taxonomy of disease in the process of “translating” individual diagnoses and the overall picture of health from the “civilian” to the “military” medical system. The analysis of the structure of the questionnaire and related papers allows the author to ask how the temporality built into the text of the document ensures the credibility of its content on the part of both the citizen and the state.","PeriodicalId":52194,"journal":{"name":"Antropologicheskij Forum","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0