Pain Reports最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered by physiotherapists in the management of neck pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Scott F Farrell,&nbsp;Devon Edmunds,&nbsp;John Fletcher,&nbsp;Harry Martine,&nbsp;Hashem Mohamed,&nbsp;Jenna Liimatainen,&nbsp;Michele Sterling","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiotherapists are increasingly using psychological treatments for musculoskeletal conditions. We assessed the effects of physiotherapist-delivered psychological interventions on pain, disability, and quality of life in neck pain. We evaluated quality of intervention reporting. We searched databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising individuals with acute or chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) or nontraumatic neck pain (NTNP), comparing physiotherapist-delivered psychological interventions to standard care or no treatment. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics and outcomes. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated by random-effects meta-analysis. We evaluated certainty of evidence using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and intervention reporting using TIDieR. Fourteen RCTs (18 articles-4 detail additional outcome/follow-up data) were included comprising 2028 patients, examining acute WAD (n = 4), subacute/mixed NTNP (n = 3), chronic WAD (n = 2), and chronic NTNP (n = 5). Treatment effects on pain favoured psychological interventions in chronic NTNP at short-term (SMD -0.40 [95% CI -0.73, -0.07]), medium-term (SMD -0.29 [95% CI -0.57, 0.00]), and long-term (SMD -0.32 [95% CI -0.60, -0.05]) follow-up. For disability, effects favoured psychological interventions in acute WAD at short-term follow-up (SMD -0.39 [95% CI -0.72, -0.07]) and chronic NTNP at short-term (SMD -0.53 [95% CI -0.91, -0.15]), medium-term (SMD -0.49 [95% CI -0.77, -0.21]), and long-term (SMD -0.60 [95% CI -0.94, -0.26]) follow-up. GRADE ratings were typically moderate, and intervention reporting often lacked provision of trial materials and procedural descriptions. Psychological interventions delivered by physiotherapists were more effective than standard physiotherapy for chronic NTNP (small-to-medium effects) and, in the short term, acute WAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/40/painreports-8-e1076.PMC10508403.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of postoperative pain after hospital discharge: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rex Park, Mohammed Mohiuddin, Ramiro Arellano, Esther Pogatzki-Zahn, Gregory Klar, Ian Gilron","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001075","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment and management of postoperative pain after hospital discharge is very challenging. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize available evidence on the prevalence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain within the first 1 to 14 days after hospital discharge. The previously published protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched until November 2020. We included observational postsurgical pain studies in the posthospital discharge setting. The primary outcome for the review was the proportion of study participants with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain (eg, pain score of 4 or more on a 10-point Numerical Rating Scale) within the first 1 to 14 days after hospital discharge. This review included 27 eligible studies involving a total of 22,108 participants having undergone a wide variety of surgical procedures. The 27 studies included ambulatory surgeries (n = 19), inpatient surgeries (n = 1), both ambulatory and inpatient surgeries (n = 4), or was not specified (n = 3). Meta-analyses of combinable studies provided estimates of pooled prevalence rates of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain ranging from 31% 1 day after discharge to 58% 1 to 2 weeks after discharge. These findings suggest that moderate-to-severe postoperative pain is a common occurrence after hospital discharge and highlight the importance of future efforts to more effectively evaluate, prevent, and treat postsurgical pain in patients discharged from the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/30/painreports-8-e1075.PMC10168527.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste not, want not: upcycling research data from chronic pain trials.","authors":"Anna Woodbury","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jacobsen SM, Moore T, Douglas A, Lester D, Johnson AL, Vassar M. Discontinuation and nonpublication analysis of chronic pain randomized controlled trials. PAIN Rep 2023;8:e1069.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/bb/painreports-8-e1070.PMC10079333.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9976834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuation and nonpublication analysis of chronic pain randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Samuel M Jacobsen,&nbsp;Ty Moore,&nbsp;Alexander Douglas,&nbsp;Drew Lester,&nbsp;Austin L Johnson,&nbsp;Matt Vassar","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The primary objective of this cross-sectional analysis is to evaluate rates of discontinuation and nonpublication of Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic interventions to treat chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using ClinicalTrials.gov, a sample was obtained which included clinical trials pertaining to chronic pain. Trials were analyzed for publication status and completion status of each trial. If information was unavailable on the trial registry database, or could not be allocated through a systematic search, the corresponding trialist was contacted and data points were gathered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our final analysis of the 408 RCTs, we found that 281 (68.9%) were published in a peer-reviewed journal and 127 (31.1%) were unpublished trials. Of 112 discontinued trials, 59 (52.7%) reached publication. In addition, 221 of 296 completed trials (74.7%) were published, and 75 (25.3%) remained unpublished after trial completion. The most common listed reason for trial discontinuation was administrative recommendations (41 of 71 trials [57.7%]), while not receiving an email reply to our standardized email from the corresponding trialist was the most common result for trial nonpublication (49 of 88 trials [55.7%]). Clinical trials funded by nonindustry sponsors were more likely to reach publication than industry-funded clinical trials (unadjusted odds ratio 1.86 [95% CI, 1.18-2.95]; adjusted odds ratio 3.01 [95% CI, 1.76-5.14]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of discontinuation of RCTs involving patients with chronic pain is concerning. Chronic pain affects many patients; thus, the importance of having quality data from clinical trials cannot be overstated. Our study indicates that chronic pain RCTs are frequently discontinued and their findings often go unpublished - all of which could provide crucial information to providers and patients regarding the treatment of chronic pain. We offer suggestions to enhance chronic pain RCT completion, thereby reducing the waste of resources in chronic pain research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10079346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9640639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and acceptability of the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire in a chronic pain population: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Lene Therese Bergerud Linnemørken,&nbsp;Helle Stangeland,&nbsp;Silje Endresen Reme,&nbsp;Synne Øien Stensland","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pain-related fear, anxiety, and avoidance may play key roles in the chronification of pain and related disability. For practitioners, knowledge about the source or drivers of these fears, including patients' exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and related posttraumatic stress symptoms, could be particularly helpful in guiding their treatment approach.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether the use of a brief screening for PTEs could help inform chronic pain treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The performance and acceptability of the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ) was assessed among 567 adult patients (59% women, mean age 48.1 years) meeting at a hospital outpatient pain clinic. The sensitivity, specificity, and 20 months temporal stability of the SLESQ, assessing exposure to 14 specific trauma types followed by a 15th item capturing exposure to \"other events,\" were assessed through digital administration and follow-up interviews with 55 participants. The qualitative responses of 158 participants reporting exposure to \"other events\" were reviewed and assessed based on fulfillment of the A Criterion for traumatic events in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The acceptability of the SLESQ was assessed in clinical interviews with 12 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SLESQ demonstrated acceptable sensitivity (70.0%), high specificity (94.9%), and moderate temporal stability (κ = 0.66, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Participants' qualitative elaborations of \"other events\" were largely (76.3%) consistent with Criterion A events. The screening was well accepted and welcomed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that the use of a brief screening for potential trauma may be helpful to guide clinical practice in chronic pain settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10129107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9364304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of music therapy within community hospitals: an EMMPIRE retrospective study.","authors":"Samuel N Rodgers-Melnick,&nbsp;Rachael L Rivard,&nbsp;Seneca Block,&nbsp;Jeffery A Dusek","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the challenges health systems face in providing effective nonpharmacologic treatment for pain and psychological distress, clinical effectiveness studies of evidence-based strategies such as music therapy (MT) are needed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after MT and explored variables associated with pain reduction of ≥2 units on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (NRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on initial MT interventions provided to adults receiving community hospital care between January 2017 and July 2020. Sessions were included if participants reported pre-session pain, anxiety, and/or stress scores of ≥4 on the NRS. Data analysis included a bootstrap analysis of single-session changes in PROs and a logistic regression exploring variables associated with pain reduction (ie, ≥2 units vs <2 units).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients (n = 1056; mean age: 63.83 years; 76.1% female; 57.1% White; 41.1% Black/African American) reported clinically significant mean reductions in pain (2.04 units), anxiety (2.80 units), and stress (3.48 units). After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and operational characteristics in the model (c-statistic = 0.668), patients receiving an MT session in which pain management was a goal were 4.32 times more likely (95% confidence interval 2.26, 8.66) to report pain reduction of ≥2 units than patients receiving an MT session in which pain management was not a session goal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This retrospective study supports the clinical effectiveness of MT for symptom management in community hospitals. However, additional research is needed to determine which characteristics of MT interventions and patients influence pain change.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/01/painreports-8-e1074.PMC10508459.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responders and nonresponders to topical capsaicin display distinct temporal summation of pain profiles.","authors":"Felyx Wong,&nbsp;Aditi Reddy,&nbsp;Yeanuk Rho,&nbsp;Jan Vollert,&nbsp;Paul H Strutton,&nbsp;Sam W Hughes","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Topical application of capsaicin can produce an ongoing pain state in healthy participants. However, approximately one-third report no pain response (ie, nonresponders), and the reasons for this are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we investigated temporal summation of pain (TSP) profiles, pain ratings and secondary hyperalgesia responses in responders and nonresponders to 1% topical capsaicin cream.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Assessments were made at baseline and then during an early (ie, 15 minutes) and late (ie, 45 minutes) time points post-capsaicin in 37 healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reporting a visual analogue scale (VAS) rating of >50 were defined as responders (n = 24) and those with <50 VAS rating were defined as nonresponders (n = 13). There was a facilitation of TSP during the transition from an early to the late time point post-capsaicin (P<0.001) and the development of secondary hyperalgesia (P<0.05) in the responder group. Nonresponders showed no changes in TSP or secondary hyperalgesia during the early and late time points. There was an association between baseline TSP scores and the later development of a responder or nonresponder phenotype (r = 0.36; P = 0.03). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that baseline TSP works as a good response predictor at an individual level (area under the curve = 0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that responders and nonresponders have different facilitatory pain mechanisms. The assessment of TSP may help to identify participants with stronger endogenous pain facilitation who may be more likely to respond to topical capsaicin.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41166339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world data and evidence in pain research: a qualitative systematic review of methods in current practice.","authors":"Jan Vollert,&nbsp;Bethea A Kleykamp,&nbsp;John T Farrar,&nbsp;Ian Gilron,&nbsp;David Hohenschurz-Schmidt,&nbsp;Robert D Kerns,&nbsp;Sean Mackey,&nbsp;John D Markman,&nbsp;Michael P McDermott,&nbsp;Andrew S C Rice,&nbsp;Dennis C Turk,&nbsp;Ajay D Wasan,&nbsp;Robert H Dworkin","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of routinely collected health data (real-world data, RWD) to generate real-world evidence (RWE) for research purposes is a growing field. Computerized search methods, large electronic databases, and the development of novel statistical methods allow for valid analysis of data outside its primary clinical purpose. Here, we systematically reviewed the methodology used for RWE studies in pain research. We searched 3 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) for studies using retrospective data sources comparing multiple groups or treatments. The protocol was registered under the DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/KGVRM. A total of 65 studies were included. Of those, only 4 compared pharmacological interventions, whereas 49 investigated differences in surgical procedures, with the remaining studying alternative or psychological interventions or epidemiological factors. Most 39 studies reported significant results in their primary comparison, and an additional 12 reported comparable effectiveness. Fifty-eight studies used propensity scores to account for group differences, 38 of them using 1:1 case:control matching. Only 17 of 65 studies provided sensitivity analyses to show robustness of their findings, and only 4 studies provided links to publicly accessible protocols. RWE is a relevant construct that can provide evidence complementary to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), especially in scenarios where RCTs are difficult to conduct. The high proportion of studies reporting significant differences between groups or comparable effectiveness could imply a relevant degree of publication bias. RWD provides a potentially important resource to expand high-quality evidence beyond clinical trials, but rigorous quality standards need to be set to maximize the validity of RWE studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/2d/painreports-8-e1057.PMC9891449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of neuropathic pain: an analysis of prevalence and associated factors in UK Biobank.","authors":"Georgios Baskozos, Harry L Hébert, Mathilde Mv Pascal, Andreas C Themistocleous, Gary J Macfarlane, David Wynick, David Lh Bennett, Blair H Smith","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001066","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating evidence: pain treatment in newborns, infants, and toddlers during needle-related procedures.","authors":"Denise Harrison,&nbsp;Mariana Bueno","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment of pain in preterm, sick, and healthy newborns and infants and toddlers (up to 2 years of age) is consistently reported to be inadequate, and effective strategies are poorly implemented.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To present existing evidence of effective pain treatment strategies during needle-related procedures and to highlight initiatives focused on translating evidence into practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Clinical Update focuses on the 2022 International Association for the Study of Pain Global Year for Translating Pain Knowledge to Practice in the specific population of newborns, infants, and toddlers. Best evidence is reviewed, and existing knowledge translation strategies and programs available to implement evidence into practice are presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Effective strategies for newborn and young infants during frequently occurring needle procedures include small volumes of sweet solutions, breastfeeding, or skin-to-skin care when feasible and culturally acceptable. In addition, strategies such as nonnutritive sucking, positioning, swaddling, gentle touch, facilitated tucking, and secure holding can be used. For toddlers, the evidence is less robust, and discerning between pain and distress is challenging. However, strategies recommended for needle-related procedures include upright secure comfort holding by parents/caregivers, age-appropriate distraction, and topical anesthetics. Translation of effective pain management needs to involve the family, who need to be supported and empowered to comfort their child during painful procedures. Organizational, nationwide, and global initiatives aimed at improving implementation of effective pain treatments exist.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is evidence of effective pain management strategies for newborns, infants, and toddlers, and a great deal of effort is being made to translate knowledge into action.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9937096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10825717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}