Pain Reports最新文献

{"title":"The power of integrating data: advancing pain research using meta-analysis.","authors":"Joel Fundaun, Elizabeth T Thomas, Annina B Schmid, Georgios Baskozos","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001038","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Publications related to pain research have increased significantly in recent years. The abundance of new evidence creates challenges staying up to date with the latest information. A comprehensive understanding of the literature is important for both clinicians and investigators involved in pain research. One commonly used method to combine and analyse data in health care research is meta-analysis. The primary aim of a meta-analysis is to quantitatively synthesise the results of multiple studies focused on the same research question. Meta-analysis is a powerful tool that can be used to advance pain research. However, there are inherent challenges when combining data from multiple sources. There are also numerous models and statistical considerations when undertaking a meta-analysis. This review aims to discuss the planning and preparation for completing a meta-analysis, review commonly used meta-analysis models, and evaluate the clinical implications of meta-analysis in pain research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":"7 6","pages":"e1038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study: quantification of chronic pain from physiological data.","authors":"Zhuowei Cheng,&nbsp;Franklin Ly,&nbsp;Tyler Santander,&nbsp;Elyes Turki,&nbsp;Yun Zhao,&nbsp;Jamie Yoo,&nbsp;Kian Lonergan,&nbsp;Jordan Gray,&nbsp;Christopher H Li,&nbsp;Henry Yang,&nbsp;Michael Miller,&nbsp;Paul Hansma,&nbsp;Linda Petzold","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is unknown if physiological changes associated with chronic pain could be measured with inexpensive physiological sensors. Recently, acute pain and laboratory-induced pain have been quantified with physiological sensors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the extent to which chronic pain can be quantified with physiological sensors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from chronic pain sufferers who subjectively rated their pain on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale, using our recently developed pain meter. Physiological variables, including pulse, temperature, and motion signals, were measured at head, neck, wrist, and finger with multiple sensors. To quantify pain, features were first extracted from 10-second windows. Linear models with recursive feature elimination were fit for each subject. A random forest regression model was used for pain score prediction for the population-level model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Predictive performance was assessed using leave-one-recording-out cross-validation and nonparametric permutation testing. For individual-level models, 5 of 12 subjects yielded intraclass correlation coefficients between actual and predicted pain scores of 0.46 to 0.75. For the population-level model, the random forest method yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.58. Bland-Altman analysis shows that our model tends to overestimate the lower end of the pain scores and underestimate the higher end.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first demonstration that physiological data can be correlated with chronic pain, both for individuals and populations. Further research and more extensive data will be required to assess whether this approach could be used as a \"chronic pain meter\" to assess the level of chronic pain in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibromyalgia in women: association of inflammatory plasma proteins, muscle blood flow, and metabolism with body mass index and pain characteristics.","authors":"Bijar Ghafouri,&nbsp;Emelie Edman,&nbsp;Marie Löf,&nbsp;Eva Lund,&nbsp;Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard,&nbsp;Peter Lundberg,&nbsp;Mikael Fredrik Forsgren,&nbsp;Björn Gerdle,&nbsp;Huan-Ji Dong","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is a common comorbidity in fibromyalgia (FM). Both FM and obesity have been connected to low-grade inflammation, although it is possible that previously reported inflammatory alterations in FM primarily may be linked to increased body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether the inflammatory plasma protein profile, muscle blood flow, and metabolism and pain characteristics (clinical parameters and patient-reported outcome measurements) differed between female patients with FM with and without obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with FM underwent clinical examinations, physical tests, and answered questionnaires. They were dichotomized according to BMI (<30 kg/m² [n = 14]; ≥30 kg/m² [n = 13]). Blood samples were collected and analyzed using a panel of 71 inflammatory plasma proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) differences in blood pressure, pulse, max VO2, pain intensity, physical capacity, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire between the groups; the obese group had higher blood pressure, pulse, pain intensity, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. There were 14 proteins that contributed to the group belonging. The 4 most important proteins for the group discrimination were MIP1β, MCP4, IL1RA, and IL6, which showed higher concentrations in obese patients with FM. Significantly decreased blood flow and increased concentration of pyruvate were detected in obese patients compared with nonobese patients. There was significant correlation between inflammatory proteins and sedentary behavior and health status in obese patients with FM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that metabolism and inflammation interact in female patients with FM with obesity and might cause chronic low-grade inflammation. Screening for obesity and monitoring of BMI changes should be considered in the treatment of patients with FM.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clusters of facilitatory and inhibitory conditioned pain modulation responses in a large sample of children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic pain.","authors":"Don Daniel Ocay,&nbsp;Diana-Luk Ye,&nbsp;Cynthia L Larche,&nbsp;Stéphane Potvin,&nbsp;Serge Marchand,&nbsp;Catherine E Ferland","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>When investigating the role of facilitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms such as conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation of pain (TSP), it is important to take both into consideration in a single experimental model to provide the most information on subgroups of patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify subgroups in a large population of pediatric patients with chronic pain based on their facilitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms and compare them with control subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five hundred twenty-one female subjects and 147 male subjects between 8 and 21 years old underwent a CPM assessment using a 2-minute tonic noxious heat stimulation as the test stimulus and a 2-minute cold-pressor task (CPT) (12°C) as the conditioning stimulus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best partition of clusters of patients was 3 clusters accounting for 27.15% of the total variation in the data. Cluster 1 (n = 271) was best characterized by high pain intensity during the CPT, lack of TSP during the test stimuli, and efficient inhibitory CPM. Cluster 2 (n = 186) was best characterized by low pain intensity during the CPT, lack of TSP during the test stimuli, and efficient inhibitory CPM. Cluster 3 (n = 151) was best characterized by high pain intensity during the CPT, presence of TSP during the test stimuli, and inefficient inhibitory CPM.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A single thermal CPM experimental design can identify combinations of facilitatory and inhibitory pain modulation responses. Findings from the current study add to the literature by describing different clinical phenotypes of central pain mechanisms of youth with chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based interventions to treat chronic low back pain: treatment selection for a personalized medicine approach.","authors":"Matthew C Mauck,&nbsp;Aileen F Aylward,&nbsp;Chloe E Barton,&nbsp;Brandon Birckhead,&nbsp;Timothy Carey,&nbsp;Diane M Dalton,&nbsp;Aaron J Fields,&nbsp;Julie Fritz,&nbsp;Afton L Hassett,&nbsp;Anna Hoffmeyer,&nbsp;Sara B Jones,&nbsp;Samuel A McLean,&nbsp;Wolf E Mehling,&nbsp;Conor W O'Neill,&nbsp;Michael J Schneider,&nbsp;David A Williams,&nbsp;Patricia Zheng,&nbsp;Ajay D Wasan","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is highly prevalent in the United States and globally, resulting in functional impairment and lowered quality of life. While many treatments are available for cLBP, clinicians have little information about which specific treatment(s) will work best for individual patients or subgroups of patients. The Back Pain Research Consortium, part of the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-term^SM (HEAL) Initiative, will conduct a collaborative clinical trial, which seeks to develop a personalized medicine algorithm to optimize patient and provider treatment selection for patients with cLBP.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this article is to provide an update on evidence-based cLBP interventions and describe the process of reviewing and selecting interventions for inclusion in the clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A working group of cLBP experts reviewed and selected interventions for inclusion in the clinical trial. The primary evaluation measures were strength of evidence and magnitude of treatment effect. When available in the literature, duration of effect, onset time, carryover effect, multimodal efficacy, responder subgroups, and evidence for the mechanism of treatment effect or biomarkers were considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The working group selected 4 leading, evidence-based treatments for cLBP to be tested in the clinical trial and for use in routine clinical treatment. These treatments include (1) duloxetine, (2) acceptance and commitment therapy, (3) a classification-based exercise and manual therapy intervention, and (4) a self-management approach. These interventions each had a moderate to high level of evidence to support a therapeutic effect and were from different therapeutic classes.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/af/painreports-7-e1019.PMC9529058.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in plasma lipoprotein profiles between patients with chronic peripheral neuropathic pain and healthy controls: an exploratory pilot study.","authors":"Mika Jönsson,&nbsp;Emmanuel Bäckryd,&nbsp;Lena Jonasson,&nbsp;Björn Gerdle,&nbsp;Bijar Ghafouri","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Little is still known about the underlying mechanisms that drive and maintain neuropathic pain (NeuP). Recently, lipids have been implicated as endogenous proalgesic ligands affecting onset and maintenance of pain; however, in the case of NeuP, the relationship is largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the lipoprotein profile in patients with chronic peripheral NeuP compared with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The concentrations of 112 lipoprotein fractions in plasma from patients with NeuP (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 13) were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A multiplex immunoassay based on an electrochemiluminescent detection method was used to measure the concentration of 71 cytokines in plasma from patients with NeuP (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 11). Multivariate data analysis was used to identify patterns of protein intercorrelations and proteins significant for group discrimination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 23 lipoproteins that were significantly upregulated in patients with NeuP compared with healthy controls. When the influence of cytokines was included in a regression model, 30 proteins (8 cytokines and 22 lipoprotein fractions) were significantly upregulated or downregulated in patients with NeuP. Both conditions presented lipoprotein profiles consistent with inflammation. Body mass index did not affect lipoprotein profiles in either group. No relationship between age and lipoprotein pattern was found in NeuP, but a significant relationship was found in healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with NeuP presented a lipoprotein profile consistent with systemic low-grade inflammation, like that seen in autoimmune, cardiometabolic, and neuroprogressive diseases. These preliminary results emphasize the importance of chronic low-grade inflammation in NeuP.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year mixed-method evaluation of prelicensure health professional student self-reported learning in an interfaculty pain curriculum.","authors":"Craig M Dale,&nbsp;Iacopo Cioffi,&nbsp;Laura Murphy,&nbsp;Sylvia Langlois,&nbsp;Renata Musa,&nbsp;Bonnie Stevens","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Student perspectives on interprofessional pain education are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate ratings of knowledge acquisition and effective presentation methods for prelicensure health professional students attending the University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain Interfaculty Pain Curriculum (Canada).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 10-year (2009-2019) retrospective longitudinal mixed-methods approach comprising analysis and integration of quantitative and qualitative data sets was used to evaluate 5 core University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain Interfaculty Pain Curriculum learning sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10, 693 students were enrolled (2009-2019) with a mean annual attendance of 972 students (±SD:102). The mean proportion of students rating \"agree/strongly agree\" for knowledge acquisition and effective presentation methods across sessions was 79.3% (±SD:3.4) and 76.7% (±SD:6.0), respectively. Knowledge acquisition or presentation effectiveness scores increased, respectively, over time for 4 core sessions: online self-study pain mechanisms module (<i>P</i> = 0.03/<i>P</i> < 0.001), online self-study opioids module (<i>P</i> = 0.04/<i>P</i> = 0.019), individually selected in-person topical pain sessions (<i>P</i> = 0.03/<i>P</i> < 0.001), and in-person patient or interprofessional panel session (<i>P</i> = 0.03). Qualitative data corroborated rating scores and expanded insight into student expectations for knowledge acquisition to inform real-world clinical practice and interprofessional collaboration; presentation effectiveness corresponded with smaller session size, individually selected sessions, case-based scenarios, embedded knowledge appraisal, and opportunities to meaningfully interact with presenters and peers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated positive and increasing prelicensure student ratings of knowledge acquisition and effective presentation methods across multifaceted learning sessions in an interfaculty pain curriculum. This study has implications for pain curriculum design aimed at promoting students' collaborative, patient-centered working skills.<b>See commentary:</b> Trouvin A-P. \"Ten-year mixed method evaluation of prelicensure health professional student self-reported learning in an interfaculty pain curriculum\": a view on pain education. PAIN Rep 2022;7:e1031.Students attending learning sessions at the University of Toronto Interfaculty Pain Curriculum (2009-2019) in Toronto, Canada, self-report high ratings of knowledge acquisition and effective presentation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9478270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40372590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dropped head syndrome: report of a rare complication after multilevel bilateral cervical radiofrequency neurotomy.","authors":"Harnek S Bajaj,&nbsp;Andrew W Chapman","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cervical radiofrequency neurotomy is a safe and relatively low-risk procedure commonly used to treat facet joint-mediated axial neck pain. Severe complications are extremely rare and can be avoided with proper technique and appropriate imaging guidance. This article describes the development and subsequent management of a case of dropped head syndrome after cervical radiofrequency neurotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 77-year-old man with cervicalgia, multilevel facet arthropathy, and a known kyphosis in the setting of cervical degenerative disk disease underwent successful conventional radiofrequency neurotomy to the bilateral C3, C4, and C5 medial branches. No immediate complications were noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six weeks subsequent to the procedure, the patient reported difficulty keeping his head erect, and physical examination revealed weakness of the cervical paraspinal musculature, with restriction of active extension to about neutral. A diagnosis of dropped head syndrome was made. The patient was successfully managed with temporary use of soft cervical collar and physical therapy for progressive range of motion and strengthening.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Dropped head syndrome is a known, but likely underappreciated, complication of cervical radiofrequency neurotomy, with only 2 other cases reported and published in the literature to our knowledge. Mild cases may resolve with conservative management, but this is a potentially debilitating condition that we recommend should be routinely discussed during procedural consent for cervical radiofrequency neurotomy. Future studies should explore specific mitigating factors to reduce the risk of development of this possible complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9478223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40372592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent and combined associations of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance with chronic pain in community-dwelling older adults.","authors":"Takafumi Saito,&nbsp;Tao Chen,&nbsp;Harukaze Yatsugi,&nbsp;Tianshu Chu,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Hiro Kishimoto","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is limited evidence regarding whether depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance are independently or synergistically associated with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the independent and combined associations of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance with chronic pain and its severity (and the additive interactions) in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 1374 individuals who were 65 to 75 year old, not in need of long-term care, and completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and chronic pain. The severity of chronic pain was assessed based on pain intensity, pain distribution, and pain type. The participants' status of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance were categorized in the following 4 groups: neither condition, depressive symptoms alone, sleep disturbance alone, and both conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1374 participants, 849 (61.8%) had chronic pain. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the presence of chronic pain in those with depressive symptoms alone, sleep disturbance alone, and both conditions were 1.40 (0.97-2.03), 1.98 (1.41-2.78), and 2.12 (1.39-2.23), respectively, compared with the neither-condition group. Similar associations were observed for severe chronic pain. However, there were no significant additive interactions. In addition, only sleep disturbance was significantly associated with chronic pain, after adjusting for depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analyses did not reveal a synergistic effect of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance on chronic pain and its severity, suggesting that most of the effects of depressive symptoms on chronic pain may be mediated by sleep disturbance.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/2f/painreports-7-e1034.PMC9478345.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40372591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioids alter paw placement during walking, confounding assessment of analgesic efficacy in a postsurgical pain model in mice.","authors":"Victoria E Brings,&nbsp;Maria A Payne,&nbsp;Robert W Gereau","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hind paw-directed assays are commonly used to study the analgesic effects of opioids in mice. However, opioid-induced hyperlocomotion can obscure results of such assays.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to overcome this potential confound by using gait analysis to observe hind paw usage during walking in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured changes in the paw print area after induction of postsurgical pain (using the paw incision model) and treatment with oxycodone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Paw incision surgery reduced the paw print area of the injured hind paw as mice avoided placing the incised section of the paw on the floor. Surprisingly, oxycodone caused a tiptoe-like gait in mice, reducing the paw print area of both hind paws. Further investigation of this opioid-induced phenotype revealed that analgesic doses of oxycodone or morphine dose-dependently reduced the hind paw print area in uninjured mice. The gait changes were not dependent on opioid-induced increases in the locomotor activity; speed and paw print area had no correlation in opioid-treated mice, and other analgesic compounds that alter locomotor activity did not affect the paw print area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unfortunately, the opioid-induced \"tiptoe\" gait phenotype prevented gait analysis from being a viable metric for demonstrating opioid analgesia in injured mice. However, this work reveals an important, previously uncharacterized effect of treatment with analgesic doses of opioids on paw placement. Our characterization of how opioids affect gait has important implications for the use of mice to study opioid pharmacology and suggests that scientists should use caution when using hind paw-directed nociceptive assays to test opioid analgesia in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e1035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9416758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33444380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}