Pain Reports最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with persistent postsurgical pain after total knee or hip joint replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Arunangshu Ghoshal,&nbsp;Shivam Bhanvadia,&nbsp;Som Singh,&nbsp;Lauren Yaeger,&nbsp;Simon Haroutounian","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have identified demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and perioperative variables associated with persistent pain after a variety of surgeries. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with persistent pain after total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) surgeries. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies were required to assess variables before or at the time of surgery, include a persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) outcome measure at least 2 months after a TKR or THR surgery, and include a statistical analysis of the effect of the risk factor(s) on the outcome measure. Outcomes from studies implementing univariate and multivariable statistical models were analyzed separately. Where possible, data from univariate analyses on the same factors were combined in a meta-analysis. Eighty-one studies involving 171,354 patients were included in the review. Because of the heterogeneity of assessment methods, only 44% of the studies allowed meaningful meta-analysis. In meta-analyses, state anxiety (but not trait anxiety) scores and higher depression scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were associated with an increased risk of PPSP after TKR. In the qualitative summary of multivariable analyses, higher preoperative pain scores were associated with PPSP after TKR or THR. This review systematically assessed factors associated with an increased risk of PPSP after TKR and THR and highlights current knowledge gaps that can be addressed by future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10628787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global series: Complex regional pain syndrome: abstracts from the International Association for the Study of Pain complex regional pain syndrome SIG virtual symposia 2021.","authors":"Jennifer S Lewis,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif,&nbsp;Aasam Maan,&nbsp;Daniel Ciampi de Andrade,&nbsp;Michelle Casey,&nbsp;Jee Youn Moon,&nbsp;Chih-Peng Lin,&nbsp;Lena Danielsson,&nbsp;Terence Quek,&nbsp;Rodrigo Díez Tafur,&nbsp;Abdelkarim Aloweidi,&nbsp;Frank Birklein,&nbsp;Lone Knudsen,&nbsp;Andreas Goebel","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this IASP complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) SIG Global Series 2021 was to bring together clinicians including those from developing countries to better understand the clinical presentation of complex regional pain syndrome in countries with less well-published patient populations. The purpose was to learn from each other about the range of treatments, successful outcomes, and challenges experienced. These meeting proceedings comprise abstracts from nine countries that span 4 continents and are summaries of online presentations delivered by speakers representing these countries over the course of 2 symposia. The symposia were attended by a global audience of approximately 360 people. Patients with CRPS were described and treated by clinicians from countries across Asia (Pakistan, Jordan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore), South America (Brazil and Peru), Africa (South Africa), and Europe (Norway). This reflects that CRPS exists across borders, ethnicities, and cultures. These proceedings provide a broader perspective within the international pain community about how we can better understand and treat CRPS across the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/6b/painreports-8-e1056.PMC9845011.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9281799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic efficacy of sleep-promoting pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Emelie Andersson,&nbsp;Thomas Kander,&nbsp;Mads U Werner,&nbsp;Joshua H Cho,&nbsp;Eva Kosek,&nbsp;Martin F Bjurström","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysregulation of sleep heightens pain sensitivity and may contribute to pain chronification. Interventions which consolidate and lengthen sleep have the potential to improve pain control. The main objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of sleep-promoting pharmacotherapy on pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. Multiple electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2022 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles; extracted data; and assessed risk of bias for each included study. The GRADE approach was used to determine the strength of evidence. The search identified 624 articles. After full-text screening, 10 RCTs (n = 574 randomized participants) involving 3 pharmacologic interventions (melatonin, zopiclone, and eszopiclone) and 7 different chronic pain populations were included. Minimum clinically significant pain reduction ≥30% was reported in 4 studies. There is low-quality evidence (downgraded due to inconsistency and imprecision) that 2 to 8 weeks treatment with a sleep-promoting medication alone or in combination with an analgesic (6 trials, n = 397) decreases pain intensity compared with placebo or the same analgesic treatment alone (SMD -0.58 [95% confidence interval -1.00, -0.17], <i>P</i> = 0.006). Analyses of associations between changes in sleep and pain outcomes were only provided in 2 articles, with inconsistent findings. Notably, pain-relieving effects were most consistent in melatonin trials. Only 3 studies implemented polysomnography to obtain objective sleep measures. Low-quality evidence indicates that pharmacologic sleep promotion may decrease pain intensity in chronic pain populations. More research is needed to fully understand the influence of sleep-targeting interventions on pain control.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/9c/painreports-8-e1061.PMC9829257.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10628788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The declaration of lima on pain in childhood.","authors":"Jordi Miró, Marco A Narváez, Enrique Orrillo, Pablo Ingelmo, João Batista S Garcia","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001055","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Declaration of Lima on Pain in Childhood is a call into action to improve the care provided to children and adolescents with pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9771156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain severity at emergency department discharge as a predictor for chronification of pain.","authors":"Stephanie F H Ten Doesschate, T Martijn Kuijper, Seppe S H A Koopman, Sander Mol, Linda Colen-Kroon, Vanessa V Brown","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001048","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inadequate pain management remains a problem in the emergency department (ED) and might increase the risk of chronic pain. Previous studies suggested that pain intensity is associated with pain chronification in specific patient groups. This study aims to study the association between pain intensity {[verbal] numeric rating scale ([V]NRS) ≥ 7} at discharge from the ED and pain chronification in the general population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether a high pain score at discharge from the ED increases the risk of chronic pain development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults who visited the ED with pain as their main complaint, and who were not hospitalized, were eligible for inclusion. Chronic pain was defined as pain with an (V)NRS score ≥1 90 days after the ED visit and with a similar location to the acute pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1906 patients, of whom 825 participants completed 90 days of follow-up. Approximately 34.1% left the ED with an (V)NRS score ≥7, and 67.8% reported an (V)NRS score of ≥1 90 at days. Of all patients leaving the ED with an (V)NRS score ≥7, 76.5% developed chronic pain vs 63.2% of patients with (V)NRS score <7 (<i>P</i> < 0.01). After correction, this difference was borderline statistically significant with an odds ratio of 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 0.99-2.13, <i>P</i> = 0.054). Various sensitivity analyses using a different (V)NRS at discharge and different definitions of chronic pain at 90 days showed a significant difference in the chronification of pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that pain intensity at discharge from the ED, regardless of the localization or cause of pain, increased the risk of developing chronic pain. By distinguishing patients at risk and providing an effective treatment, chronic pain and the associated burden of disease might be preventable.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/e4/painreports-7-e1048.PMC9762928.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10438197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection altered the factors associated with headache: evidence from a multicenter community-based case-control study.","authors":"Mohammad Ali","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Headache is one of the significant global public health concerns. Furthermore, it is a standard feature of patients with acute and postacute COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of headaches among postacute COVID and non-COVID individuals and identify and contrast the risk factors between both groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter case-control study. Individuals who had recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were considered \"case\", and those who never tested positive for COVID-19 were considered \"control.\" Headaches were measured using the musculoskeletal subscale of the subjective health complaints scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of headaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 878 individuals (439 cases) aged 38.30 ± 12.77 years (mean ± standard deviation) participated in this study. The prevalence of headaches was 26.2% among COVID-19 survivors; however, only 10.7% of unaffected participants reported headaches at the same time. Regression analyses suggested that the recovery duration from acute COVID-19 ≤ 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.03, CI = 1.13-3.65) was the only predictor of headache among postacute COVID-19 survivors. However, the female gender (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.51-6.32), members of a joint family (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.02-3.90), and city dwellers (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 0.94-6.25) were the predictor of headache among non-COVID participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found a higher prevalence of headaches among COVID-19 survivors. In addition, predictors of headache among cases and controls were unmatched, indicating heterogenous impact of COVID-19 on human health. The health care providers should be informed of the study's results when discussing better practices to mitigate the burden of headaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/14/3a/painreports-7-e1051.PMC9699507.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A literature review of the impact of exclusion criteria on generalizability of clinical trial findings to patients with chronic pain.","authors":"Vafi Salmasi, Theresa R Lii, Keith Humphreys, Vinay Reddy, Sean C Mackey","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001050","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of clinical trials to inform the care of chronic pain may be limited if only an unrepresentative subset of patients are allowed to enroll. We summarize and report new insights on published studies that report on how trial exclusions affect the generalizability of their results. We conducted a PubMed search on the following terms: ((\"eligibility criteria\" AND generalizability) OR (\"exclusion criteria\" AND generalizability) OR \"exclusion criteria\"[ti] OR \"eligibility criteria\"[ti]) AND pain. We only considered studies relevant if they analyzed data on (1) the prevalence and nature of exclusion criteria or (2) the impact of exclusion criteria on sample representativeness or study results. The 4 articles that were identified reported differences in patients who were included and excluded in different clinical trials: excluded patients were older, less likely to have a paid job, had more functional limitations at baseline, and used strong opioids more often. The clinical significance of these differences remains unclear. The pain medicine literature has very few published studies on the prevalence and impact of exclusion criteria, and the outcomes of excluded patients are rarely tracked. The frequent use of psychosocial exclusions is especially compromising to generalizability because chronic pain commonly co-occurs with psychiatric comorbidities. Inclusion of more representative patients in research samples can reduce recruitment barriers and broaden the generalizability of findings in patients with chronic pain. We also call for more studies that examine the use of exclusion criteria in chronic pain trials to better understand their implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10835323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using evoked compound action potentials to quantify differential neural activation with burst and conventional, 40 Hz spinal cord stimulation in ovines.","authors":"David A Dinsmoor,&nbsp;Joshua O Usoro,&nbsp;Noah D Barka,&nbsp;Tina M Billstrom,&nbsp;Leonid M Litvak,&nbsp;Lawrence R Poree","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unlike conventional dorsal spinal cord stimulation (SCS)-which uses single pulses at a fixed rate-burst SCS uses a fixed-rate, five-pulse stimuli cluster as a treatment for chronic pain; mechanistic explanations suggest burst SCS differentially modulate the medial and lateral pain pathways vs conventional SCS. Neural activation differences between burst and conventional SCS are quantifiable with the spinal-evoked compound action potential (ECAP), an electrical measure of synchronous neural activation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implanted 7 sheep with a dorsal stimulation lead at T9/T10, a dorsal ECAP sensing lead at T6/T7, and a lead also at T9/T10 but adjacent to the anterolateral system (ALS). Both burst and conventional SCS with stimulation amplitudes up to the visual motor threshold (vMT) were delivered to 3 different dorsal spinal locations, and ECAP thresholds (ECAPTs) were calculated for all combinations. Then, changes in ALS activation were assessed with both types of SCS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evoked compound action potential thresholds and vMTs were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with conventional vs burst SCS, with no statistical difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05) among stimulation sites. However, the vMT-ECAPT window (a proxy for the useable therapeutic dosing range) was significantly wider (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with conventional vs burst SCS. No significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in ALS activation was noted between conventional and burst SCS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When dosed equivalently, no differentially unique change in ALS activation results with burst SCS vs conventional SCS; in addition, sub-ECAPT burst SCS results in no discernable excitability changes in the neural pathways feeding pain relevant supraspinal sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/45/painreports-7-e1047.PMC9663139.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40695670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma and interstitial levels of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in patients with chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Inna Kurlyandchik,&nbsp;Romy Lauche,&nbsp;Evelin Tiralongo,&nbsp;Leon N Warne,&nbsp;Janet Schloss","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an essential endogenous signaling system that may be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Further research is required to understand the role of ECS in the development and maintenance of CWP and FMS. We provided the first systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the clinical relevance of ECS alterations in patients with CWP and FMS by comparing plasma and interstitial levels of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in patients and healthy controls. A systematic search was conducted to identify studies that measured plasma and/or interstitial levels of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in patients with CWP or FMS and healthy controls. A total of 8 studies were included for qualitative review, and 7 studies were included for meta-analysis. The findings identified increased plasma levels of oleoylethanolamide and stearoylethanolamide in patients with FMS compared with those in controls (<i>P</i> = 0.005 and <i>P</i> < 0.0001, respectively) and increased plasma levels of palmitoylethanolamide and interstitial levels of stearoylethanolamide in patients with CWP compared with those in controls (<i>P</i> = 0.05 and <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in other ECS parameters. Most studies did not account for variables that may influence ECS function, including cannabis use, concomitant medication, comorbidities, physical activity, stress levels, circadian rhythm, sleep quality, and dietary factors, suggesting that future studies should explore the correlation between these variables and endocannabinoid activity. We highlight the importance of investigating endocannabinoid activity in CWP and FMS because it will underpin future translational research in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9646668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40489564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning in pain research: a data scientometric analysis.","authors":"Jörn Lötsch, Alfred Ultsch, Benjamin Mayer, Dario Kringel","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001044","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The collection of increasing amounts of data in health care has become relevant for pain therapy and research. This poses problems for analyses with classical approaches, which is why artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are being included into pain research. The current literature on AI and ML in the context of pain research was automatically searched and manually curated. Common machine learning methods and pain settings covered were evaluated. Further focus was on the origin of the publication and technical details, such as the included sample sizes of the studies analyzed with ML. Machine learning was identified in 475 publications from 18 countries, with 79% of the studies published since 2019. Most addressed pain conditions included low back pain, musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. Most used ML algorithms included random forests and support vector machines; however, deep learning was used when medical images were involved in the diagnosis of painful conditions. Cohort sizes ranged from 11 to 2,164,872, with a mode at n = 100; however, deep learning required larger data sets often only available from medical images. Artificial intelligence and ML, in particular, are increasingly being applied to pain-related data. This report presents application examples and highlights advantages and limitations, such as the ability to process complex data, sometimes, but not always, at the cost of big data requirements or black-box decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40454657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}