Pain Reports最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of the biopsychosocial dimensions affected by chronic pain in children and adolescents: identifying reliable and valid pediatric multidimensional chronic pain assessment tools.","authors":"Megan J Greenough, Lindsay Jibb, Krystina B Lewis, Tracey Bucknall, Christine Lamontagne, Melissa Demery Varin, Ashley Sokalski, Janet Elaine Squires","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001099","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric chronic pain is a complex experience that is often challenging to describe and measure. Multidimensional tools that evaluate the biopsychosocial impact of chronic pain in pediatric patients can help clinicians to prioritize and tailor interdisciplinary pain care; yet, the psychometric value and clinical utility of such tools has not yet been systematically studied in the literature. The purpose of this review was to identify multidimensional biopsychosocial tools used in pediatric chronic pain, synthesize their reliability and validity evidence, and draw on this evidence to describe the relationships between chronic pain and biopsychosocial domains. The search involved 2 phases to (1) identify eligible tools and (2) conduct a measured forward citation search of tool development articles. Tool eligibility was guided by the <i>Multidimensional Biobehavioral Model of Pediatric Pain</i> and study eligibility was focused on primary chronic pain diagnoses unrelated to disease. Data extraction was focused on reliability and validity evidence of eligible tools, guided by the <i>Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing</i>. Results yielded 6 tools that included 64 eligible studies, highlighting 84 significant relationships between pain and functional interference across 11 biopsychosocial variables. All tools were shown to have good internal consistency and evidence of validity, primarily through relationships to other variables. Of the 6 tools, the most brief and easy to use were the most under studied. Further psychometric research is warranted for these tools to investigate their clinical utility and psychometric properties in guiding and prioritizing pain care for children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of PainDETECT in pediatric chronic pain: how well does it identify neuropathic pain and its characteristics?","authors":"Courtney W Hess, Amanda R Van Orden, Giulia Mesaroli, Jennifer N Stinson, David Borsook, Laura E Simons","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001109","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neuropathic pain (NP) arises from nerve damage or disease, and when not defined, it can impair function and quality of life. Early detection allows for interventions that can enhance outcomes. Diagnosis of NP can be difficult if not properly evaluated. PainDETECT is a NP screening tool developed and successfully used in adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated the validity of painDETECT in a pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents and young adults (10-19 years old) completed painDETECT and quantitative sensory testing (QST), which assessed mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, common symptoms of NP. Pain diagnoses, including neuropathic pain (n = 10), were collected through documentation in the medical chart. Descriptive statistics were used to examine age, gender, pain diagnoses, and painDETECT scores. Kruskal-Wallis H tests were conducted to examine differences in QST results across painDETECT categorizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youth with chronic pain (N = 110, M_age = 15.08 ± 2.4 years, N_female = 88) and peers without pain (N = 55, M_age = 15.84 ± 3.9 years, N_female = 39) completed the painDETECT. The painDETECT scores for youth with pain (M = 12.7 ± 6.76) were significantly higher than those for peers without pain (M = 2.05 ± 2.41). PainDETECT demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 33% specificity in a pediatric population. Individuals who screened positively on the PainDETECT had significantly higher mechanical allodynia (M = 0.640 ± 0.994) compared with those who screened negatively (M = 0.186 ± 0.499; <i>P</i> = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PainDETECT demonstrated the ability to screen for NP, and QST mechanical allodynia results were consistent with a positive NP screen. Results of the study offer preliminary support for the ongoing assessment of the painDETECT as a brief, inexpensive, and simple-to-use screening tool for pediatric patients with primary pain complaints.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world outcomes in spinal cord stimulation: predictors of reported effect and explantation using a comprehensive registry-based approach.","authors":"Terje Kirketeig, Emma Söreskog, Trolle Jacobson, Rolf Karlsten, Niklas Zethraeus, Fredrik Borgström","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite advancements in implanted hardware and development of novel stimulation paradigms in Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), real world evidence suggests a large variation in patient reported outcomes and a proportion of patients are later explanted due to loss of analgesia. Possible predictors for outcome have been explored in smaller short-term evaluations, but few clinically applicable robust measures for long term outcome have emerged.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive retrospective study based on an assembled patient-level aggregated database from multiple local and national registries in Sweden. Variables associated with risk of explantation (due to insufficient analgesia) and analgesic effect was analyzed using a Cox regression analysis and an ordered logit regression model, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found the accumulated risk of explantation due to loss of analgesia to be 10% and 21% at two and ten years follow up, respectively. The use of 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation (compared with Tonic waveform; p = 0.003), and being 60 years or older (reference 18-40 years; p = 0.003) were associated with an increased risk of explantation.At a mean follow up at 1 year, 48% of patients reported a pain intensity reduction from baseline of at least 30%. Secondary (p = 0.030) and post-secondary (p = 0.001) education (compared with primary education) was associated with an increased probability of successful patient reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that a higher educational level and being employed are associated with successful treatment outcome in patients with chronic pain treated with SCS in Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory phenotypes in complex regional pain syndrome and chronic low back pain-indication of common underlying pathomechanisms.","authors":"Iara De Schoenmacker, Laura Sirucek, Paulina S Scheuren, Robin Lütolf, Lindsay M Gorrell, Florian Brunner, Armin Curt, Jan Rosner, Petra Schweinhardt, Michèle Hubli","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>First-line pain treatment is unsatisfactory in more than 50% of chronic pain patients, likely because of the heterogeneity of mechanisms underlying pain chronification.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to better understand pathomechanisms across different chronic pain cohorts, regardless of their diagnoses, by identifying distinct sensory phenotypes through a cluster analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 81 chronic pain patients and 63 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Two distinct chronic pain cohorts were recruited, ie, complex regional pain syndrome (N = 20) and low back pain (N = 61). Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed in the most painful body area to investigate somatosensory changes related to clinical pain. Furthermore, QST was conducted in a pain-free area to identify remote sensory alterations, indicating more widespread changes in somatosensory processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two clusters were identified based on the QST measures in the painful area, which did not represent the 2 distinct pain diagnoses but contained patients from both cohorts. Cluster 1 showed increased pain sensitivities in the painful and control area, indicating central sensitization as a potential pathomechanism. Cluster 2 showed a similar sensory profile as HC in both tested areas. Hence, either QST was not sensitive enough and more objective measures are needed to detect sensitization within the nociceptive neuraxis or cluster 2 may not have pain primarily because of sensitization, but other factors such as psychosocial ones are involved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the notion of shared pathomechanisms irrespective of the pain diagnosis. Conversely, different mechanisms might contribute to the pain of patients with the same diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subtypes of complex regional pain syndrome-a systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Lone Knudsen, Lana Santoro, Stephen Bruehl, Norman Harden, Florian Brunner","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To systematically identify and summarize possible subtypes of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for original studies reporting or investigating at least one subtype within a group of patients with CRPS. The search retrieved 4239 potentially relevant references. Twenty-five studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Complex regional pain syndrome phenotypes were investigated based on the following variables: clinical presentation/sensory disturbances, dystonia, skin temperature, disease duration, onset type, CRPS outcome, and neuropsychological test performance. Support was found for the following CRPS subtypes: CRPS type I, CRPS type II, acute CRPS, chronic CRPS, centralized CRPS, cold CRPS, warm CRPS, inflammatory CRPS, dystonic CRPS, nondystonic CRPS, familial CRPS, and nonfamilial CRPS. It is unclear whether these are distinct or overlapping subtypes. The results of this comprehensive review can facilitate the formulation of well-defined CRPS subtypes based on presumed underlying mechanisms. Our findings provide a foundation for establishing and defining clinically meaningful CRPS subtypes, with the ultimate goal of developing targeted and enhanced treatments for CRPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of psychological factors on pain outcomes: lessons learned for the next generation of research","authors":"Geert Crombez, Elke Veirman, Dimitri Van Ryckeghem, Whitney Scott, Annick De Paepe","doi":"10.1097/pr9.0000000000001112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000001112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Big data and machine learning techniques offer opportunities to investigate the effects of psychological factors on pain outcomes. Nevertheless, these advances can only deliver when the quality of the data is high and the underpinning causal assumptions are considered. We argue that there is room for improvement and identify some challenges in the evidence base concerning the effect of psychological factors on the development and maintenance of chronic pain. As a starting point, 3 basic tenets of causality are taken: (1) cause and effect differ from each other, (2) the cause precedes the effect within reasonable time, and (3) alternative explanations are ruled out. Building on these tenets, potential problems and some lessons learned are provided that the next generation of research should take into account. In particular, there is a need to be more explicit and transparent about causal assumptions in research. This will lead to better research designs, more appropriate statistical analyses, and constructive discussions and productive tensions that improve our science.","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided continuous erector spinae plane block vs continuous thoracic epidural analgesia for the management of acute and chronic postthoracotomy pain: a randomized, controlled,double-blind trial","authors":"Ehab Hanafy Shaker, Mamdouh Mahmoud Elshal, Reham Mohamed Gamal, Norma Osama Abdallah Zayed, Samuel Fayez Samy, Raafat M. Reyad, Mohammed H. Shaaban, Abd Alrahman M. Abd Alrahman, Ahmed Salah Abdelgalil","doi":"10.1097/pr9.0000000000001106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000001106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Postthoracotomy pain (PTP) is a severe pain complicating thoracic surgeries and its good management decreases the risk of PTP syndrome (PTPS). Objectives: This randomized controlled study evaluated the efficacy of ultrasound-guided continuous erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with or without dexmedetomidine compared with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in managing acute postoperative pain and the possible emergence of PTPS. Methods: Ninety patients with chest malignancies planned for thoracotomy were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. Group 1: TEA (20 mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% bolus, then 0.1 mL/kg/h of levobupivacaine 0.1%), group 2: ESPB (20 mL of levobupivacaine only 0.1% bolus every 6 hours), and group 3: ESPB (20 mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% and 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine Hcl bolus every 6 hours). Results: Resting and dynamic visual analog scales were higher in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3 at 6, 24, and 36 hours and at 8 and 12 weeks. Postthoracotomy pain syndrome incidence was higher in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3 at 8 and 12 weeks, whereas it was indifferent between groups 1 and 3. The grading system for neuropathic pain score was higher in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3 at 8 and 12 weeks, whereas it was indifferent between groups 1 and 3. Itching, pruritis, and urine retention were higher in group 1 than in ESPB groups. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided ESPB with dexmedetomidine is as potent as TEA in relieving acute PTP and reducing the possible emergence of chronic PTPS. However, the 2 techniques were superior to ESPB without dexmedetomidine. Erector spinae plane block has fewer side effects compared with TEA.","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-EEG in comorbid pain and insomnia: implications for the treatment of pain disorders.","authors":"Matthew J Reid, Mark Quigg, Patrick H Finan","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001101","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with chronic pain experience a high prevalence of comorbid insomnia, which is associated with functional impairment. Recent advances in sleep electroencephalography (sleep-EEG) may clarify the mechanisms that link sleep and chronic pain. In this clinical update, we outline current advancements in sleep-EEG assessments for pain and provide research recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Promising preliminary work suggests that sleep-EEG spectral bands, particularly beta, gamma, alpha, and delta power, may create candidate neurophysiological signatures of pain, and macro-architectural parameters (e.g., total sleep time, arousals, and sleep continuity) may facilitate EEG-derived sleep phenotyping and may enable future stratification in the treatment of pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integration of measures obtained through sleep-EEG represent feasible and scalable approaches that could be adopted in the future. We provide research recommendations to progress the field towards a deeper understanding of their utility and potential future applications in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological oscillatory markers of hypoalgesia in conditioned pain modulation.","authors":"Hyerang Jin, Bart Witjes, Mathieu Roy, Sylvain Baillet, Cecile C de Vos","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001096","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an experimental procedure that consists of an ongoing noxious stimulus attenuating the pain perception caused by another noxious stimulus. A combination of the CPM paradigm with concurrent electrophysiological recordings can establish whether an association exists between experimentally modified pain perception and modulations of neural oscillations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to characterize how CPM modifies pain perception and underlying neural oscillations. We also interrogated whether these perceptual and/or neurophysiological effects are distinct in patients affected by chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We presented noxious electrical stimuli to the right ankle before, during, and after CPM induced by an ice pack placed on the left forearm. Seventeen patients with chronic pain and 17 control participants rated the electrical pain in each experimental condition. We used magnetoencephalography to examine the anatomy-specific effects of CPM on the neural oscillatory responses to the electrical pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the participant groups, CPM induced a reduction in subjective pain ratings and neural responses (beta-band [15-35 Hz] oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex) to electrical pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings of pain-induced beta-band activity may be associated with top-down modulations of pain, as reported in other perceptual modalities. Therefore, the reduced beta-band responses during CPM may indicate changes in top-down pain modulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10597579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pharmacogenetic profiles on pediatric pain relief and adverse events with ibuprofen and oxycodone.","authors":"Samina Ali, Aran Yukseloglu, Colin J Ross, Rhonda J Rosychuk, Amy L Drendel, Robin Manaloor, David W Johnson, Sylvie Le May, Bruce Carleton","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000001113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individual genetic variation may influence clinical effects for pain medications. Effects of CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms on clinical effectiveness and safety for ibuprofen and oxycodone were studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primary objectives were to AU2 evaluate if allelic variations would affect clinical effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) occurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pragmatic prospective, observational cohort included children aged 4 to 16 years who were seen in a pediatric emergency department with an acute fracture and prescribed ibuprofen or oxycodone for at-home pain management. Saliva samples were obtained for genotyping of allelic variants, and daily telephone follow-up was conducted for 3 days. Pain was measured using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 210 children (n = 140 ibuprofen and n = 70 oxycodone); mean age was 11.1 (±SD 3.5) years, 33.8% were female. Median pain reduction on day 1 was similar between groups [ibuprofen 4 (IQR 2,4) and oxycodone 4 (IQR 2,6), <i>P</i> = 0.69]. Over the 3 days, the oxycodone group experienced more AE than the ibuprofen group (78.3% vs 53.2%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Those with a CYP2C9*2 reduced function allele experienced less adverse events with ibuprofen compared with those with a normal functioning allele CYP2C9*1 (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Neither CYP3A4 variants nor CYP2D6 phenotype classification affected clinical effect or AE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although pain relief was similar, children receiving oxycodone experienced more AE, overall, than those receiving ibuprofen. For children receiving ibuprofen or oxycodone, pain relief was not affected by genetic variations in CYP2C9 or CYP3A4/CYP2D6, respectively. For children receiving ibuprofen, the presence of CYP2C9*2 was associated with less adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":52189,"journal":{"name":"Pain Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10659733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}