Jie Ma;Yanjin Chen;Xueshun Ye;Jun Zhou;Ye Tian;Lianlin Li
{"title":"Multiconductor SCT-FDTD Modeling of High-Frequency Power System Fault Transients for Electromagnetic Sensing","authors":"Jie Ma;Yanjin Chen;Xueshun Ye;Jun Zhou;Ye Tian;Lianlin Li","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2026.3733407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2026.3733407","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency electromagnetic (EM) transients in power systems have emerged as for noncontact fault monitoring. However, the transient characteristics observed at a given location are jointly determined by the fault excitation and the propagation properties of the power line, which complicates their physical interpretation. This work presents a symmetrical-component-transformation-based finite-difference time-domain (SCT-FDTD) framework for modeling high-frequency single-phase-to-ground (SPG) fault transients in nonuniform multiconductor transmission lines. For cyclically symmetric three-phase transmission lines, the symmetrical component transformation diagonalizes the per-unit-length parameter matrices and converts the coupled phase-domain matrix updates into independent modal-domain updates. An explicit staggered-grid FDTD scheme is then employed to model transient reflection, attenuation, and waveform distortion in transmission lines with spatially varying distributed parameters. Comparisons with the conventional phase-domain FDTD model and an independently implemented Simulink model demonstrate good agreement in the principal time- and frequency-domain response characteristics. Further parametric studies show that the observed spectrum depends not only on the fault excitation but also on the observation position, the line-parameter values, and their spatial variations. The proposed framework therefore provides a physics-based forward model for analyzing high-frequency power-line transients relevant to EM sensing and supports future development of fault-identification and localization methods.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"527-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José A. Brandão Faria;Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas
{"title":"Propagation of Zero-Frequency Waves in Wireless and Wired Systems","authors":"José A. Brandão Faria;Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2026.3713243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2026.3713243","url":null,"abstract":"The inaugural article in JMMCT's “Explaining the Unexplained” series raised a fundamental question about DC power transmission: is it transmitted by electromagnetic waves, like AC power? Its authors believe so; they believe that DC waves exist, even though this may seem difficult to accept due to the absence of electromagnetic coupling at zero frequency. The present paper aims to contribute to finding a comprehensive answer to this challenging question, considering separately the cases of wireless and wired transmission systems, and examining DC and quasi-DC electromagnetic fields, in the context of classical electromagnetism. Based on Maxwell's equations, we show, theoretically, that quasi-DC wave propagation and quasi-AC wave propagation are absolutely similar when it comes to wired systems (transmission lines), but not so in the case of wireless systems (antenna radiation) that are unable to support quasi-DC waves. The presence or absence of electric charges, at rest or in motion, in the space between the energy source and the energy receiver is key to this discussion.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"460-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148780955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2025 Index IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques Vol. 10","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3644832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3644832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"10 ","pages":"512-526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11302050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculation of Photocarrier Generation From Optical Absorption for Time-Domain Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices","authors":"Liang Chen;Ming Dong;Ran Zhao;Hakan Bagci","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3643198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3643198","url":null,"abstract":"Photocarrier generation rate in optoelectronic materials is often calculated using the Poynting vector in the frequency domain. However, this approach is not accurate in time-domain simulations of photoconductive devices because the instantaneous Poynting vector does not distinguish between power flux densities of optical and low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The latter is generated by photocurrents and is not supposed to contribute to the photocarrier generation since the corresponding photon energy is smaller than the bandgap energy of the optoelectronic material. This work proposes an optical absorption-based model to accurately calculate the generation rate in time-domain simulations. The proposed approach considers the material dispersion near the optical frequency corresponding to the bandgap energy of the optoelectronic material and calculates the instantaneous optical absorption from the polarization current density associated with this dispersion model. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is more accurate than the Poynting vector-based approach in calculating the instantaneous optical absorption. The method is further validated against experimental results via simulations of a photoconductive device, where the Poynting vector-based approach results in divergent carrier densities when the low-frequency fields are strong.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Efficient Electromagnetic Computation Method for High-Density Multilayer Interconnects in Integrated Chips","authors":"Zheyu Luo;Yumao Wu;Ningsheng Xu;Shaozhi Deng","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3642617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3642617","url":null,"abstract":"An improved method of moments (MoM) based on the augmented electric-field integral equation (A-EFIE) is proposed for efficient electromagnetic (EM) simulation of multilayer interconnects. The A-EFIE overcomes the low-frequency breakdown problem of the electric-field integral equation (EFIE), meeting the EM simulation requirements for interconnects from DC to sub-THz frequencies. The layered medium Green’s function (LMGF) is integrated into the A-EFIE formulation, extending the proposed method to the electromagnetic simulation of high-density multilayer interconnects embedded in dielectric substrates. This work proposes a novel integration of the LMGF into the A-EFIE formulation for lossy conductors, in which both exterior and interior problems are considered. By accurately characterizing conductor losses and skin effects, the proposed method is well-suited for broadband EM simulation of multilayer interconnects in advanced packaging. Compared with the FEM implementation in the HFSS software, the proposed LMGF-based method eliminates the need for meshing stratified dielectric structures in integrated circuits, achieving at least two orders of magnitude reduction in mesh elements. Numerical examples are conducted on different chip-level multilayer interconnects to validate the effectiveness and efficiencies of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijia Cheng;Yujie Hua;Baiyun Wang;Kang Wang;Wenxuan Tang;Gang Shao;Wei E. I. Sha
{"title":"Multiphysics Analysis and Simulation of Wireless Passive Temperature and Pressure Sensors for Harsh-Environment Applications","authors":"Yijia Cheng;Yujie Hua;Baiyun Wang;Kang Wang;Wenxuan Tang;Gang Shao;Wei E. I. Sha","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3641976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3641976","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring temperature and pressure in harsh environments is vital for industrial applications. This study presents a comprehensive multiphysics analysis and simulation of wireless passive temperature and pressure sensors, providing a feasible research framework for accurate simulation model development tailored to these devices and applications. The analysis focuses on evaluating the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling effects and improving the accuracy of sensor modeling under extreme environments. In particular, multiphysics simulations are performed on a pressure sensor that incorporates structural deformations induced by thermal expansion and external pressure. Comparison with available experimental data demonstrates significantly enhanced accuracy compared with conventional simple models, yielding a resonance frequency deviation of 0.32% (vs. 2.65%) and an error in the <inline-formula><tex-math>$S_{11}$</tex-math></inline-formula> parameter estimation of 13.15% (vs. 101.92%) relative to measurements. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for multiphysics coupling in sensor design and provide insights for performance optimization in harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"9-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongliang Li;Julius Koskela;Balam A. Willemsen;Jackson W. Massey
{"title":"A Hierarchical Cascading Technique With Subpitch Finite Element Decomposition for 2-D Modeling of Acoustic Wave Resonators","authors":"Hongliang Li;Julius Koskela;Balam A. Willemsen;Jackson W. Massey","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3636443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3636443","url":null,"abstract":"A hierarchical cascading technique with subpitch finite element decomposition is presented for 2-D modeling of acoustic wave resonators. This technique scans the structure and partitions it into thin slices. Unique unit blocks are identified and computed with the finite element method. The entire geometry is then translated into a sequence of unit blocks, and a hierarchical tree of cascading operations is built. Full solutions are obtained by combining smaller blocks into larger blocks. For the blocks that repeat in the cascading process, the matrix is computed only once and can be reused later. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method with over 70% time cost reduction and decreased memory usage than conventional HCT. Compared with FEM, over 100 times speedup can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhichao Lin;Marco Salucci;Maokun Li;Baozhu Li;Andrea Massa
{"title":"Multi-Scale Multi-Physics Imaging of Free-Space Targets With Electromagnetic and Acoustic Data","authors":"Zhichao Lin;Marco Salucci;Maokun Li;Baozhu Li;Andrea Massa","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3634286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3634286","url":null,"abstract":"A new methodology for imaging two-dimensional (<italic>2-D</i>) free-space targets <italic>jointly</i> processing multi-physics (<italic>MP</i>) data collected with microwave and ultrasound sensors is presented. The proposed strategy combines reciprocal regularization constraints, which enforce structural similarity between the two underlying physics, with an iterative multi-scale (<italic>MS</i>) meta-level inversion scheme to effectively tackle both the non-linearity and the ill-posedness of the <italic>MP</i> inverse scattering problem (<italic>ISP</i>) at hand. A set of representative numerical results is reported to assess, also in a comparative fashion, the imaging capabilities of the proposed <italic>MS-MP</i> technique.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"22-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inverse Design of Ultra-Wideband Frequency Selective Surface Using a Graph Based Conditional Variational Autoencoder Integrated With a Physics Informed Neural Network","authors":"Bharathi V;Krishnamurthy Ramanujam;Parthasarathy Ramanujam","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3629980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3629980","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes the inverse design of bandstop Frequency Selective Surface using a Graph based Conditional Variational Autoencoder (G-CVAE) integrated with a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). This inverse design involves the prediction of FSS geometry that exhibits ultra-wide stopband characteristics. Initially, the graph convolutional network precisely extracts the topological and spatial relationships within the FSS geometrical design. The features of the graph and simulation results of the FSS dataset are used to train the CVAE, which maps the FSS physical structure and its electromagnetic behavior. The trained CVAE predicts the FSS geometries with desired frequency responses, while the PINN is incorporated to ensure physical feasibility. By monitoring the average relative error values, the simulated and predicted transmission coefficients are brought closer to each other. Also, similar approach is followed to enhance the angular stability and to achieve polarization independence in both TE and TM modes. A G-CVAE-PINN is constructed and trained using various random combinations of graph attributes and simulation outcomes, achieving an average inaccuracy of 3%. Further, one of the best designs from the predicted FSS designs is chosen for experimental validation. This predicted and experimentally validated bandstop FSS exhibits wide band rejection of 20 GHz ranging from 8 GHz to 28 GHz. The fabricated design exhibits polarization independence up to 75<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> in both normal and oblique angles. Thus, the predicted FSS designs are ideal for radome, EMI shielding, and satellite communications, providing efficient frequency filtering for 5G and beyond 5G networks.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"11 ","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asha K. Jakhar;Rohit Sharma;Avirup Dasgupta;Sourajeet Roy
{"title":"A Neural Network Guided Approach for Repeater Optimization in Multilayer Graphene On-Chip Interconnect Networks Including TSVs","authors":"Asha K. Jakhar;Rohit Sharma;Avirup Dasgupta;Sourajeet Roy","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3625423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2025.3625423","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) guided approach is developed for the repeater optimization in multilayer graphene on-chip interconnect networks. The key attribute of the proposed approach is the use of two distinct ANNs to generalize the target objective functions of interconnect networks in terms of (i) the geometrical parameters of the vertical through silicon vias (TSVs) present in the network, and (ii) the design parameters of the fin-shaped field effect transistors (FinFETs) making up the repeaters. The first ANN (ANN<sub>1</sub>) ensures that for any change in the TSV geometry, the objective functions of the network can be accurately approximated by analytical expressions without the need for laborious SPICE simulations. The second ANN (ANN<sub>2</sub>) identifies additional tuning parameters of the repeaters besides simply the number and size of the repeaters, leading to better optimization results of the network performance. This enables performing efficient repeater optimizations in the presence of design variability of the TSVs. The generalized target objective functions of the network are then maximized/minimized using a particle swarm optimizer. Multiple numerical examples are presented in the paper to test and validate the proposed ANN guided approach.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"10 ","pages":"483-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}