The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>.","authors":"Seung-Woo Lee","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0035","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is a significant health problem owing to its high incidence and mortality rate. The risk factors for gastric cancer include both uncontrollable (e.g., age, sex, and genetic predisposition) and controllable factors (e.g., <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and high-salt diets). Although treatment of <i>H. pylori</i> infections has been implemented as a primary preventive measure, the risk of gastric cancer may persist, highlighting the need for additional preventive measures. This review discusses various risks and protective factors associated with gastric cancer, studies conducted on these factors, and chemoprevention. Smoking is a risk factor for this disease; thus, is not recommended and current smokers are encouraged to quit because cessation can reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Excessive alcohol intake has been reported to increase the risk of gastric cancer as has the consumption of high-salt foods that can damage the gastric mucosa. Additionally, increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables, known for their protective effects against gastric cancer, can aid in its prevention. Studies on chemopreventive agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin), statins, and metformin, have been reported; however, evidence of their effectiveness remains insufficient to recommend these agents as preventive treatments. Additional well-planned studies on preventive medications and dietary approaches are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 3","pages":"243-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes and Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Siewert Type II/III Early Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Min Young Son, Dae Hyeon Cho, Sung Eun Kim, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Won Moon, Jae Hyun Kim, Jung Wook Lee, Kyoungwon Jung","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0043","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The incidence of adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and cardia has been gradually increasing in the East. Cancers of the EGJ and gastric cardia have poor prognoses. This study aimed to investigate lymph node metastasis (LNM) rates, their predictive factors, and determine the long-term outcomes of patients with Siewert type II/III early gastric cancer (EGC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2014 and June 2022, a total of 573 patients with gastric cancer, including 130 with Siewert type II/III EGC, underwent total gastrectomies at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital. Factors associated with LNM were analyzed using a logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 130 patients with Siewert type II/III EGC, 10 (7.7%) demonstrated LNM (LNM-positive group). Macroscopically elevated lesions (I+IIa) (60.0% vs. 16.7%; <i>p</i>=0.009) and lymphovascular invasion (70.0% vs. 5.8%; <i>p</i><0.001) were more common and the depth of invasion was deeper (<i>p</i>=0.003) in the LNM-positive patients than in the LNMnegative group. Multivariate analysis showed that macroscopically elevated lesions (odds ratio [OR], 19.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-197.11; <i>p</i>=0.012) and lymphovascular invasion (OR, 52.63; 95% CI, 5.26-526.51; <i>p</i>=0.001) were associated with LNM. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates of patients with Siewert type II/III EGC were 90.0% and 98.9%, respectively. During a median follow-up period of 49 months (range, 12-122 months), one patient (0.8%) died owing to gastric cancer recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with Siewert type II/III EGC showed favorable long-term outcomes. Macroscopically elevated lesions and lymphovascular invasion are associated with LNM.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 3","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical Practice Guideline for Gastritis in Korea].","authors":"Seung Joo Kang, Jae Gyu Kim, Hee Seok Moon, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Jong Yeul Lee, Chang Seok Bang, Chung Hyun Tae, Eun Jeong Gong, Su Youn Nam, Hyun Jung Kim","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0013","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastritis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It is very common and has various classification systems such as the updated Sydney system. As there is a lot of evidence that <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer and that gastric cancer can be prevented by eradication, <i>H. pylori</i> gastritis has been emphasized recently. The incidence rate of gastric cancer in Korea is the highest in the world, and due to the spread of screening endoscopy, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are commonly diagnosed in the general population. However, there have been no clinical guidelines developed in Korea for these lesions. Therefore, this clinical guideline has been developed by the Korean College of <i>Helicobacter</i> and Upper Gastrointestinal Research for important topics that are frequently encountered in clinical situations related to gastritis. Evidence-based guidelines were developed through systematic review and de novo processes, and eight recommendations were made for eight key questions. This guideline needs to be periodically revised according to the needs of clinical practice or as important evidence about this issue is published in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 2","pages":"143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Cancer Showing Rapid Recurrence and Progression: A Case of Gastric Adenocarcinoma With Enteroblastic Differentiation.","authors":"Yonghoon Choi","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) is rare and its clinicopathological characteristics are not well documented. However, reports indicate that it exhibits more aggressive characteristics, including lymph node metastasis or liver metastasis, than a conventional gastric adenocarcinoma. Herein, we report a case of GAED with rapid recurrence and disease progression. A 55-year-old male, diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC), demonstrated initial endoscopic findings suggestive of advanced GC. He underwent curative resection since there was no evidence of lymph node or distant metastases. The disease was reported as an early GC that was confined to the submucosal layer, without evidence of lymph node metastasis in the final pathological results. However, six months after surgery, multiple hepatic metastases were found during abdominal computed tomography; the pathological results were consistent with metastasis from the GC. Immunohistochemistry of the primary carcinoma pathological specimens showed positive results for alpha-fetoprotein and sal-like protein 4, suggesting enteroblastic differentiation, which is thought to be associated with rapid recurrence and disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duodenal Mass Detected on the Screening Endoscopy.","authors":"Young-Il Kim","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection Associated With Ulcerative Colitis Activity?","authors":"Ayoung Lee, Jung Wan Choe, Sung Woo Jung, Jae Youn Park, Ik Yoon, Seung Young Kim","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0045","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of H. pylori infection on the severity of UC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center study included 316 patients with newly diagnosed UC based on findings of colonoscopy and upper endoscopy for H. pylori evaluation between January 1994 and December 2015. Patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and severity of UC was assessed based on endoscopic findings, clinical symptoms, treatment regimens, and Mayo scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in patients with UC was 74/316 (23.4%). Based on upper endoscopic findings, the percentage of patients with duodenal ulcers was significantly higher in the H. pylori positive group than that in the <i>H. pylori</i> negative group (27.0% vs. 11.6%, <i>p</i>=0.022). Disease extent and endoscopic severity showed no significant intergroup difference (<i>p</i>=0.765 and <i>p</i>=0.803, respectively). Endoscopic severity was unaffected by the <i>H. pylori</i> infection status, based on the extent of endoscopically documented disease and endoscopic findings. Furthermore, UC-related symptom severity assessed on the basis of stool frequency, rectal bleeding severity, and rate of admission necessitated by UC aggravation was not associated with <i>H. pylori</i> infection (<i>p</i>=0.185, 0.144, and 0.182, respectively). Use of steroids as induction therapy for severe UC did not differ with regard to <i>H. pylori</i> infection (<i>p</i>=0.327). No intergroup difference was observed in disease severity of UC classified using the Mayo score (<i>p</i>=0.323).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>H. pylori</i> infection was detected in approximately 25.0% of patients with UC. However, the <i>H. pylori</i> infection status was not associated with the severity of UC based on endoscopic disease activity, patients' symptoms, steroid use, or the Mayo clinic score.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Immunohistochemistry in the Histopathological Assessment of Inflamed Endoscopic Gastric Biopsies.","authors":"Richard Hall, Cassandra Bruce-Brand, Washington Mudini, Alessandro Pietro Aldera","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0048","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The identification of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is one of the main tasks of diagnostic histopathologists when evaluating endoscopic gastric biopsies. The sensitivity and specificity of different stains that facilitate this identification vary. Despite the existing guidelines, many histopathology laboratories perform routine histochemical staining of all gastric biopsies to improve turnaround times. This study assessed the utility of an <i>H. pylori</i> immunohistochemical (IHC) stain compared with a routinely used histochemical stain, cresyl violet (CV), in the South African setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases were identified retrospectively, and original histopathology reports were used to establish the \"ground truth\" diagnoses. Three pathologists independently evaluated the CV and IHC stains; each pathologist was timed in a standardized manner. The sensitivity, specificity, interobserver variability, and time taken to identify <i>H. pylori</i> with each stain were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall sensitivity and specificity for IHC staining (85.2% and 97.7%, respectively) were higher than those for CV staining (64.5% and 90.6%, respectively). Detection of <i>H. pylori</i> took an average of 16 and 49 seconds using the IHC and CV stains, respectively. The prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> in our laboratory was 23.7%, which is lower than the reported national prevalence in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IHC stain-based detection of <i>H. pylori</i> in inflamed gastric biopsies demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity than CV staining. This was particularly true for cases involving patients with low bacterial loads. The interpretation of <i>H. pylori</i> IHC staining is much faster than that associated with CV staining, which is important in centers with high caseloads and shortages of pathologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Gastric Perforation by Nasogastric Tube: A Case Report.","authors":"Junyeol Kim, Soo-Jeong Cho","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0064","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nasogastric (NG) tube insertion is a common and routine procedure that is performed for various purposes. Gastric perforations caused by NG tubes are rare but potentially life-threatening. We report a rare case involving a delayed gastric perforation caused by an NG tube in an adult with end-stage heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Endoscopic Treatment and Prevention of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage].","authors":"Youngdae Kim","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastroesophageal varices occur in more than half of patients with cirrhosis and the incidence increases as liver function worsens. Although the mortality rate for acute variceal bleeding has decreased with the development of variceal endoscopic hemostasis and administration of vasoactive drugs and prophylactic antibiotics, it still reaches 20%. Therefore, surveillance of variceal occurrence and the prevention of their bleeding is very important in patients with cirrhosis. In patients with liver cirrhosis accompanied by portal hypertension, esophagogastroduodenoscopy should be performed to diagnose varices and stratify their bleeding risk. The interval of endoscopic surveillance is adjusted according to variceal condition and cirrhosis severity. If varices are diagnosed, primary prophylaxis (e.g., non-selective beta-blockers or endoscopic prophylaxis) is required to prevent variceal bleeding. Appropriate treatment, including timely endoscopic hemostasis, should be performed in patients with acute variceal bleeding, and secondary prophylaxis is required to prevent rebleeding. Endoscopic variceal ligation is the recommended endoscopic treatment for acute esophageal variceal bleeding; endoscopic variceal obstruction is usually recommended in patients with gastric varices. To prevent bleeding, endoscopic surveillance should be performed at regular intervals until the varices have been eradicated, and endoscopic followup should be performed periodically even after their disappearance. In this review, we investigate the role of endoscopy in the treatment and management of gastroesophageal varices.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Gastro-Colo-Cutaneous Fistula Occurring After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Procedure].","authors":"Juyung Joung, Jeeyeon Baek, Sun Hyung Kang, Hee Seok Moon, Jae Kyu Sung, Hwan Jung Yun","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0060","DOIUrl":"10.7704/kjhugr.2023.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An 82-year-old man diagnosed with supraglottic cancer sought a consultation for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. Preoperative chest radiography (posterior-anterior [PA] view) revealed no abnormalities, and PEG tube placement was performed using the \"pull\" method. Chest radiography (PA view) performed 3 days postoperatively showed free air that was not observed immediately after PEG tube placement; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with pneumoperitoneum. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed that the PEG tube was appropriately positioned within the stomach; however, the colon was observed between the abdominal wall and stomach, which indicated that the PEG tube had passed through the colon. Review of preoperative chest radiographs (PA views) confirmed that the colon was visualized in the area wherein usually stomach gas should have been observed. The patient was diagnosed with a gastro-colo-cutaneous fistula that occurred postoperatively, following a procedure that was performed without confirmation of anatomical variations. The PEG tube was removed surgically, and we performed percutaneous gastrostomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520887,"journal":{"name":"The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research","volume":"24 1","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}