The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science最新文献

{"title":"Hallucinations in the general population across the adult lifespan: prevalence and psychopathologic significance.","authors":"Kathryn Yates,&nbsp;Ulla Lång,&nbsp;Evyn M Peters,&nbsp;Johanna T W Wigman,&nbsp;Fiona McNicholas,&nbsp;Mary Cannon,&nbsp;Jordan DeVylder,&nbsp;Hugh Ramsay,&nbsp;Hans Oh,&nbsp;Ian Kelleher","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2021.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2021.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community studies have found a relatively high prevalence of hallucinations, which are associated with a range of (psychotic and non-psychotic) mental disorders, as well as with suicidal ideation and behaviour. The literature on hallucinations in the general population has largely focused on adolescents and young adults.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to explore the prevalence and psychopathologic significance of hallucinations across the adult lifespan.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014 cross-sectional Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey series (N = 33 637), we calculated the prevalence of past-year hallucinations in the general population ages 16 to ≥90 years. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between hallucinations and a range of mental disorders, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of past-year hallucinations varied across the adult lifespan, from a high of 7% in individuals aged 16-19 years, to a low of 3% in individuals aged ≥70 years. In all age groups, hallucinations were associated with increased risk for mental disorders, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, but there was also evidence of significant age-related variation. In particular, hallucinations in older adults were less likely to be associated with a cooccurring mental disorder, suicidal ideation or suicide attempt compared with early adulthood and middle age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight important life-course developmental features of hallucinations from early adulthood to old age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"652-658"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39948879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypergraphia - Psychiatry in pictures.","authors":"Frederick A J Simon","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2021.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2021.109","url":null,"abstract":"Hypergraphia has been most frequently described in the context of the eponymous Geschwind syndrome, where it tends to be accompanied by hyperreligiosity, hyposexuality, circumstantiality and an ‘intensified mental life’ and is an interictal phenomenon of temporal lobe epilepsy. Hypergraphia is not, however, a purely neurological symptom. Within psychiatry it is a written manifestation of formal thought disorder.","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"696-698"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39948881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soviet theatre in the fight against neurasthenia in the 1920s and 1930s - psychiatry in theatre.","authors":"Igor J Polianski,&nbsp;Oxana Kosenko","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.215","url":null,"abstract":"Neurasthenia was first defined by the renowned New York neurologist George Beard (1839–1883) in 1869. He described it as a lack of nerve force that developed due to the stress of modern society. Since neurasthenia had been perceived as a side-effect of a modernising America, Beard called it ‘the American disease’. However, it seemed to spread rapidly to Europe. In 1887, the Russian psychiatrist Pavel Kovalevsky (1849–1931) even proclaimed neurasthenia a ‘Russian disease’, given the large number of ‘neurasthenics’ in his country. After the Russian Revolution, in the 1920s, neurasthenia was considered one of the most widespread mental disorders among the ranks of the new political and executive elites. Soviet psychiatrists believed that the cause of the nervous exhaustion lay in the revolutionary sufferings of Bolsheviks during the civil war and in psychological stress during the post-war reconstruction of the country. The work-related emotional overstraining often led to suicide. In 1925, the suicide rate among Communist Party activists reached 12.5% of all deaths. Neurasthenia was also regarded as a common illness of intellectuals.","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25403210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis - ERRATUM.","authors":"Mia Maria Günak,&nbsp;Jo Billings,&nbsp;Emily Carratu,&nbsp;Natalie L Marchant,&nbsp;Graziella Favarato,&nbsp;Vasiliki Orgeta","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25346240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 'discontinuation syndrome' or withdrawal.","authors":"Ivana Massabki,&nbsp;Elia Abi-Jaoude","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attempts to define selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) withdrawal with the term 'discontinuation syndrome' are not supported by evidence. Acknowledging that SSRI use can result in dependence and withdrawal allows patients to be better informed around decisions related to these drugs, and helps inform strategies for safe tapering as appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"168-171"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2019.269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37513641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triskaidekaphobia and Schoenberg: musical expressionism or psychiatric consequence? - psychiatry in music.","authors":"Jack Wellington,&nbsp;Alexander Wellington","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25403629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective digital phenotypes of worry severity, pain severity and pain chronicity in persons living with HIV.","authors":"Nicholas C Jacobson,&nbsp;Conall O'Cleirigh","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persons living with HIV report experiencing disproportionally severe and chronic pain and worry. However, no objective biomarkers of these subjective experiences have been developed. To address the lack of objective measures and assist in treatment planning, this study examined whether digital biomarkers of pain severity, pain chronicity and worry could be developed, using passive wearable sensors that continuously monitor movement. Results suggest that digital biomarkers can predict pain severity (r[35] = 0.690), pain chronicity (74.63% accuracy) and worry severity (r[65] = 0.642) with high precision, suggesting that objective digital biomarkers alone accurately capture internal symptom experiences in persons living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Declaration of interest: </strong>N.C.J. is the owner of a free application published on the Google Play Store entitled 'Mood Triggers'. He does not receive any direct or indirect revenue from his ownership of the application (i.e. the application is free, there are no advertisements and the data is only being used for research purposes). C.O. has no conflicts to declare.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"165-167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2019.168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37411690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in generalised anxiety disorders and symptoms in primary care: UK population-based cohort study.","authors":"April Slee,&nbsp;Irwin Nazareth,&nbsp;Nick Freemantle,&nbsp;Laura Horsfall","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generalised anxiety disorder and symptoms are associated with poor physical, emotional and social functioning and frequent primary and acute care visits. We investigated recent temporal trends in anxiety and related mental illness in UK general practice.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aims of this analysis are to examine temporal changes in recording of generalised anxiety in primary care and initial pharmacologic treatments.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Annual incidence rates of generalised anxiety diagnoses and symptoms were calculated from 795 UK general practices contributing to The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database between 1998 and 2018. Poisson mixed regression was used to account for age, gender and general practitioner practice. Subsequent pharmacologic treatment was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generalised anxiety recording rates increased in both genders aged 18-24 between 2014 and 2018. For women, the increase was from 17.06 to 23.33/1000 person years at risk (PYAR); for men, 8.59 to 11.65/1000 PYAR. Increases persisted for a composite of anxiety and depression (49.74 to 57.81/1000 PYAR for women; 25.41 to 31.45/1000 PYAR for men). Smaller increases in anxiety were seen in both genders age 25-34 and 35-44. Anxiety rates among older patients remained stable, although a composite of anxiety and depression decreased for older women. About half of drug-naïve patients were prescribed anxiety drugs within 1 year following diagnosis. The most common choice was a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Benzodiazepine prescription rate has fallen steadily.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed a substantial increase in general practitioner consulting for generalised anxiety and depression recently, concentrated within younger people and in particular women.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2020.159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38351705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzodiazepines: it's time to return to the evidence.","authors":"Edward Silberman,&nbsp;Richard Balon,&nbsp;Vladan Starcevic,&nbsp;Richard Shader,&nbsp;Fiammetta Cosci,&nbsp;Giovanni A Fava,&nbsp;Antonio E Nardi,&nbsp;Carl Salzman,&nbsp;Nicoletta Sonino","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.164","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We propose that discussions of benzodiazepines in the current psychiatric literature have become negatively biased and have strayed from the scientific evidence base. We advocate returning to the evidence in discussing benzodiazepines and adhering to clear definitions and conceptual rigour in commentary about them.","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"125-127"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2020.164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38479813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' reply.","authors":"Robin Goodwin,&nbsp;Menachem Ben-Ezra","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.263","url":null,"abstract":"We read with interest Goodwin et al’s paper on ‘Psychological distress after the Great East Japan Earthquake’, which featured in the March 2020 BJPsych themed issue on ‘Disasters and Trauma’. This is timely given the current climate when the UK and other nations of the world are grappling with the disastrous consequences of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) otherwise known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the physical impact of the global pandemic is yet to be adequately quantified, the huge psychological and social burdens on human existence are issues we need to start addressing in order to be ahead of whatever curve we may end up with globally. With time, society will be dealing with the psychiatric impact (in extreme cases) or the psychological impact (in not so extreme cases) of COVID-19. Bereavement, grief, loss, separation, anxiety, fear, paranoia, adjustment reactions and depression are foreseeable after-effects when life starts to return to what we previously considered ‘normal everyday life’. Some degree of ‘antisocial’ behaviour will emerge with ‘social distancing’ becoming a norm, and physical distancing could become a weapon of subtle intimidation or bullying in the workplace or even at schools. Also, we cannot overlook supposedly minor conditions like anger or frustration fuelling the emergence or resurgence of violence against self, domestic violence and violence at the community level following such an impact on our daily lives. According to the charity Refuge, the National Domestic Abuse helpline has seen a 25% increase in calls and online requests for help since the lockdown. Recently, the UK Parliament’s Home Affairs Select Committee called for removal of the time limit on prosecutions to ensure perpetrators of domestic abuse during the lockdown do not get away with their crimes. Currently, there is no physical war between nations but there is a fight to contain a crowned virus – although small, pathogenic and not human, it is nonetheless powerful enough to crash the world system to a large extent. Our concern is that in addition to the above, the worsening or re-emergence of previous mental health problems in the context of a lockdown situation, as well as the new onset of mental health problems once the limitations or containment of lockdown is over could potentially overload primary and secondary mental health services. Mental health services at all levels, including psychological services in primary care, bereavement services and secondary mental health services therefore need to start preparing for post-lockdown demand for care by making arrangements for how they will manage increased demands for services. Mental health promotion should be launched now and after the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent an overloading of the National Health Service via the mental health services’ route. Proactive steps therefore need to be taken to make this overloading less likely. Will me","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"172-173"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25403211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}