The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science最新文献

{"title":"Cross-sectional and prospective relationships of passive and mentally active sedentary behaviours and physical activity with depression.","authors":"Mats Hallgren, Thi-Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Neville Owen, Brendon Stubbs, Davy Vancampfort, Andreas Lundin, David Dunstan, Rino Bellocco, Ylva Trolle Lagerros","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.60","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjp.2019.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sedentary behaviour can be associated with poor mental health, but it remains unclear whether all types of sedentary behaviour have equivalent detrimental effects.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To model the potential impact on depression of replacing passive with mentally active sedentary behaviours and with light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. An additional aim was to explore these relationships by self-report data and clinician diagnoses of depression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In 1997, 43 863 Swedish adults were initially surveyed and their responses linked to patient registers until 2010. The isotemporal substitution method was used to model the potential impact on depression of replacing 30 min of passive sedentary behaviour with equivalent durations of mentally active sedentary behaviour, light physical activity or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Outcomes were self-reported depression symptoms (cross-sectional analyses) and clinician-diagnosed incident major depressive disorder (MDD) (prospective analyses).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 24 060 participants with complete data (mean age 49.2 years, s.d. 15.8, 66% female), 1526 (6.3%) reported depression symptoms at baseline. There were 416 (1.7%) incident cases of MDD during the 13-year follow-up. Modelled cross-sectionally, replacing 30 min/day of passive sedentary behaviour with 30 min/day of mentally active sedentary behaviour, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous activity reduced the odds of depression symptoms by 5% (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.94-0.97), 13% (odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.00) and 19% (odds ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.93-0.90), respectively. Modelled prospectively, substituting 30 min/day of passive with 30 min/day of mentally active sedentary behaviour reduced MDD risk by 5% (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99); no other prospective associations were statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substituting passive with mentally active sedentary behaviours, light activity or moderate-to-vigorous activity may reduce depression risk in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"413-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37077314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An attempt to explain the bidirectional association between ischaemic heart disease, stroke and depression: a cohort and meta-analytic approach.","authors":"Marie Kim Wium-Andersen,&nbsp;Ida Kim Wium-Andersen,&nbsp;Eva Irene Bosano Prescott,&nbsp;Kim Overvad,&nbsp;Martin Balslev Jørgensen,&nbsp;Merete Osler","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common diseases and associated in a bidirectional manner.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine whether a bidirectional association between CVD and depression could be explained by shared risk factors, misclassification of disease measures or non-response.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 10 population-based cohorts including 93 076 men and women (mean age 54.4 years, s.d. = 9.2) and an additional 10 510 men (mean age 51.2 years, s.d. = 0.3) were followed for subsequent depression, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in the Danish National Patient Registry from health examinations between 1982 and 2015 and until end of follow-up in 2017-2018. Exposures were physicians' diagnoses of IHD, stroke, depression or self-reported chest pain, depression, use of antidepressant medication and the Major Depression Inventory at the time of study entry in the Metropolit study. Associations were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression with disease as time-dependent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IHD and stroke were associated with subsequent depression (hazard ratio (HR) for IHD: 1.79, 95% CI 1.43-2.23 and HR for stroke: 2.62, 95% CI 2.09-3.29) and the associations were present in both men and women. Adjustment for the shared risk factors socioeconomic status, lifestyle, body mass index, statin use and serum lipids did not change the risk estimates. Furthermore, depression was associated with higher risk of subsequent IHD (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.36-1.95) and stroke (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.63-2.30). The associations were also present when the analyses were based on self-reported disease measures or restricted to include non-responders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bidirectional association between CVD and depression was not explained by shared risk factors, misclassification or non-response.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"434-441"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2019.130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40562987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac structure and function in schizophrenia: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study.","authors":"Emanuele F Osimo, Stefan P Brugger, Antonio de Marvao, Toby Pillinger, Thomas Whitehurst, Ben Statton, Marina Quinlan, Alaine Berry, Stuart A Cook, Declan P O'Regan, Oliver D Howes","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.268","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjp.2019.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart disease is the leading cause of death in schizophrenia. However, there has been little research directly examining cardiac function in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate cardiac structure and function in individuals with schizophrenia using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) after excluding medical and metabolic comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 80 participants underwent CMR to determine biventricular volumes and function and measures of blood pressure, physical activity and glycated haemoglobin levels. Individuals with schizophrenia ('patients') and controls were matched for age, gender, ethnicity and body surface area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had significantly smaller indexed left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (effect size d = -0.82, P = 0.001), LV end-systolic volume (d = -0.58, P = 0.02), LV stroke volume (d = -0.85, P = 0.001), right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume (d = -0.79, P = 0.002), RV end-systolic volume (d = -0.58, P = 0.02), and RV stroke volume (d = -0.87, P = 0.001) but unaltered ejection fractions relative to controls. LV concentricity (d = 0.73, P = 0.003) and septal thickness (d = 1.13, P < 0.001) were significantly larger in the patients. Mean concentricity in patients was above the reference range. The findings were largely unchanged after adjusting for smoking and/or exercise levels and were independent of medication dose and duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with schizophrenia show evidence of concentric cardiac remodelling compared with healthy controls of a similar age, gender, ethnicity, body surface area and blood pressure, and independent of smoking and activity levels. This could be contributing to the excess cardiovascular mortality observed in schizophrenia. Future studies should investigate the contribution of antipsychotic medication to these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"450-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7511899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37524161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatry and COVID-19: putting our best foot forward.","authors":"Rael D Strous,&nbsp;Azgad Gold","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 presents new challenges for psychiatry as clinical management, ethical dilemmas and administrative complications need to be addressed. The psychiatrist should protect the needs and rights of the mentally ill while maximising population health and ensuring solidarity, reciprocity and community well-being for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"410-412"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2020.90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37896300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor about 'Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis'.","authors":"Navya Saluja,&nbsp;Hitesh Khurana","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"458"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2020.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38202119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: systematic review and meta-analysis - RETRACTION.","authors":"Xuelin Gu,&nbsp;Qisijing Liu,&nbsp;Furong Deng,&nbsp;Xueqin Wang,&nbsp;Hualiang Lin,&nbsp;Xinbiao Guo,&nbsp;Shaowei Wu","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2020.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"459"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2020.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37884648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional and prospective relationships of passive and mentally active sedentary behaviours and physical activity with depression - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Mats Hallgren, Thi-Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Neville Owen, Brendon Stubbs, Davy Vancampfort, Andreas Lundin, David Dunstan, Rino Bellocco, Ylva Trolle Lagerros","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.87","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjp.2019.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37102038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic effects of schizophrenia on hippocampal grey matter volume and hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity.","authors":"Shu Liu,&nbsp;Ang Li,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Hao Yan,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Yuqing Sun,&nbsp;Lingzhong Fan,&nbsp;Ming Song,&nbsp;Kaibin Xu,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Yunchun Chen,&nbsp;Huaning Wang,&nbsp;Hua Guo,&nbsp;Ping Wan,&nbsp;Luxian Lv,&nbsp;Yongfeng Yang,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Lin Lu,&nbsp;Jun Yan,&nbsp;Huiling Wang,&nbsp;Hongxing Zhang,&nbsp;Huawang Wu,&nbsp;Yuping Ning,&nbsp;Dai Zhang,&nbsp;Tianzi Jiang,&nbsp;Bing Liu","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with high heritability and polygenic inheritance. Multimodal neuroimaging studies have also indicated that abnormalities of brain structure and function are a plausible neurobiological characterisation of schizophrenia. However, the polygenic effects of schizophrenia on these imaging endophenotypes have not yet been fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the effects of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on the brain grey matter volume and functional connectivity, which are disrupted in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Genomic and neuroimaging data from a large sample of Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia (N = 509) and healthy controls (N = 502) were included in this study. We examined grey matter volume and functional connectivity via structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Using the data from a recent meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study that comprised a large number of Chinese people, we calculated a polygenic risk score (PGRS) for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The imaging genetic analysis revealed that the individual PGRS showed a significantly negative correlation with the hippocampal grey matter volume and hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity, both of which were lower in the people with schizophrenia than in the controls. We also found that the observed neuroimaging measures showed weak but similar changes in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggested that genetically influenced brain grey matter volume and functional connectivity may provide important clues for understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia and for the early diagnosis of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.2019.127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia among nursing home residents without dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Michele Fornaro, Marco Solmi, Brendon Stubbs, Nicola Veronese, Francesco Monaco, Stefano Novello, Andrea Fusco, Annalisa Anastasia, Domenico De Berardis, André F Carvalho, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Eduard Vieta","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2019.5","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjp.2019.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The elderly population and numbers of nursing homes residents are growing at a rapid pace globally. Uncertainty exists regarding the actual rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as previous evidence documenting high rates relies on suboptimal methodology.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and correlates of MDD, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder among nursing homes residents without dementia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Major electronic databases were systematically searched from 1980 to July 2017 for original studies reporting on the prevalence and correlates of MDD among nursing homes residents without dementia. The prevalence of MDD in this population was meta-analysed through random-effects modelling and potential sources of heterogeneity were examined through subgroup/meta-regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 32 observational studies encompassing 13 394 nursing homes residents, 2110 people were diagnosed with MDD, resulting in a pooled prevalence rate of 18.9% (95% CI 14.8-23.8). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 97%, P≤0.001); no evidence of publication bias was observed. Sensitivity analysis indicated the highest rates of MDD among North American residents (25.4%, 95% CI 18-34.5, P≤0.001). Prevalence of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder could not be reliably pooled because of the paucity of data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MDD is highly prevalent among nursing homes residents without dementia. Efforts towards prevention, early recognition and management of MDD in this population are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37211963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminium and fluoride in drinking water in relation to later dementia risk.","authors":"Tom C Russ, Lewis O J Killin, Jean Hannah, G David Batty, Ian J Deary, John M Starr","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2018.287","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjp.2018.287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental risk factors for dementia are poorly understood. Aluminium and fluorine in drinking water have been linked with dementia but uncertainties remain about this relationship.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>In the largest longitudinal study in this context, we set out to explore the individual effect of aluminium and fluoride in drinking water on dementia risk and, as fluorine can increase absorption of aluminium, we also examine any synergistic influence on dementia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used Cox models to investigate the association between mean aluminium and fluoride levels in drinking water at their residential location (collected 2005-2012 by the Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland) with dementia in members of the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 cohort who were alive in 2005.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1972 out of 6990 individuals developed dementia by the linkage date in 2012. Dementia risk was raised with increasing mean aluminium levels in women (hazard ratio per s.d. increase 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.15, P < 0.001) and men (1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.21, P = 0.004). A dose-response pattern of association was observed between mean fluoride levels and dementia in women (1.34, 95% CI 1.28-1.41, P < 0.001) and men (1.30, 95% CI 1.22-1.39, P < 0.001), with dementia risk more than doubled in the highest quartile compared with the lowest. There was no statistical interaction between aluminium and fluoride levels in relation with dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher levels of aluminium and fluoride were related to dementia risk in a population of men and women who consumed relatively low drinking-water levels of both.</p>","PeriodicalId":520791,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","volume":" ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37052812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}